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Important reference School of Aristotle
Eudemus of Rhodes edited by Istv?n Bodn?r and William W. Fortenbaugh (Rutgers University Studies in Classical Humanities, Volume XI: Transaction Publishers) Eudemus of Rhodes (2nd half of 4th cent. BCE.), was a pupil of Aristotle in the second half of the fourth century BCE. This volume is composed entirely of articles that discuss Eudemus from a variety of viewpoints.
In a charming story in Aulus Gellius (13.5), when Aristotle was dying, he chose Theo?phrastus over Eudemus as his successor in the Lyceum. Eudemus apparently returned to Rhodes on Aristotle's death and founded his own. school; Simplicius (In Phys. 923.9-15) mentions an exchange of letter between him and Theophrastus on a textual question in Aristotle's Physics. Simplicius also (924.13) mentions a biography of Eudemus by one Damas, of whom nothing else is known.
There are ascribed to Eudemus in various places two books of Analytics, a Categories, On Expression, On the Angle, Physics, and histories of geometry, arithmetic, and astronomy. Simpli?cius refers to Eudemus as "the most genuine of Aristotle's comrades" (In Phys. 411.15-16) and says that he "follows Aristotle in all things" (133.. 22). Though not entirely true, this appears not far off.
In logic, Eudemus and Theophrastus (who are always mentioned to?gether in this connection) made various modifications to Aristotle's syl?logistic; Alexander, in his commentary on the Prior Analytics, cites the following Alexander is echoed by the other commentators on most a, these points): (i) Theophrastus and Eudemus devised a direct proof of the convertibility of universal negative propositions (Alexander 31.4-10; contrast Ar. APri. 1.2, 25a14-17). (ii) They adopted the peiorem rule in modal logic: "that the conclusion is always assimilated to the lesser and weaker of the premises" (Alexander 124.13-14; by contrast Aristotle al?lowed certain combinations of necessary and assertoric premises to yield necessary conclusions, as in APri. 1.9). (iii) They defended the convert- ibility of universal negative problematic propositions (Alexander 220.9- 16, against Ar. APri. 1.17, 36b35-37a31). (iv) They also did extensive work on hypothetical syllogisms (Alexander 389.31-390.3; Philoponus, In APri. 242.18-19, speaks of "treatises of many lines" on the subject).
Eudemus is said to have claimed in On Expression (Alexander In APri. 16.15-17, scholium in APri. ed. Brandis [in Aristotelis Opera 4]. 146a24-27) that "is" in "Socrates is" is a predicate term; he may thus have been the first to have contradicted Kant's claim that existence is not a predicate. Alexander's notice of this is phrased in a way that makes to appear to contradict Aristotle (at least under Alexander's interpretation of Aristotle: 15.14-22).
All we know of On the Angle is that Eudemus argued in it that the angle is in the category of quality on the ground that straightness is a quality, fractures are qualities, and an angle is a fractured straightness (Proclus In Eucl. 125.6-13).
The most substantial remains of Eudemus' work are from the Physics; this seems to have been a paraphrase of or commentary on Aris?totle's Physics. Simplicius, in the introduction to his commentary on Physics 7, says (In Phys. 1036.13-15): "Eudemus, having followed the main points in the entire treatise up to this point, passes by this book as superfluous, and proceeds to what is in the last book."
Eudemus' historical works were of very great importance; much of what we know about the early history of mathematics, including as?tronomy, is traceable to Eudemus. Proclus three times quotes him by name for historical points (In Eucl. 299.3, 333.6, 352.14), and Proclus' re?port of the history of geometry before Euclid (64.16-68.6) seems to be taken from Eudemus. Simplicius quotes long extracts from Eudemus de?scribing Hippocrates of Chios' quadrature of the lune (In Phys. 60.22?68.32). Eutocius quotes him for Archytas' solution to the problem of the duplication of the cube (commentary on Archimedes On the Sphere and the Cylinder 2, in Archimedis Opera Omnia ed. Heiber/Stamatis 3.84.12?88.2). The extracts preserved from Eudemus' histories of arithmetic and astronomy (see Wehrli, frs. 143-149) are less extensive, but illustrate his importance for the transmission of what knowledge we have.
Seven passages in Aelian's On the Nature of Animals name a Eudemus as the source for wild stories about animals, but, although *Apuleius (Apologia 36) credits Eudemus along with Aristotle, Theophrastus, and Lyco with books on the genera?tion of animals, these passages seem unlikely to have come from our Eu?demus.
The treatise entitled Eudemian Ethics in the corpus Aristotelicum was taken in the 19th century to be Eudemus'; it is now thought to be Aristotle's
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Chapters: Eudemus of Rhodes. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 23. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Eudemus of Rhodes (Greek: ) was an ancient Greek philosopher, and first historian of science who lived from ca. 370 BC until ca. 300 BC. He was one of Aristotle's most important pupils, editing his teacher's work and making it more easily accessible. Eudemus' nephew, Pasicles, was also credited with editing Aristotle's works. Eudemus was born on the isle of Rhodes, but spent a large part of his life in Athens, where he studied philosophy at Aristotle's Peripatetic School. Eudemus's collaboration with Aristotle was long-lasting and close, and he was generally considered to be one of Aristotle's most brilliant pupils: he and Theophrastus of Lesbos were regularly called not Aristotle's "disciples", but his "companions" (`). It seems that Theophrastus was the greater genius of the two, continuing Aristotle's studies in a wide range of areas. Although Eudemus too conducted original research, his forte lay in systematizing Aristotle's philosophical legacy, and in a clever didactical presentation of his teacher's ideas. Later authors who wrote commentaries on Aristotle often made good use of Eudemus's preliminary work. It is for this reason that, though Eudemus's writings themselves are not extant, we know many citations and testimonia regarding his work, and are thus able to build up a picture of him and his work. Aristotle, shortly before his death in 322 BC, designated Theophrastus to be his successor as head of the Peripatetic School. Eudemus then returned to Rhodes, where he founded his own philosophical school, continued his own philosophical research, and went on editing Aristotle's work. At the insistence of Aristotle, Eudemus wrote histories of Greek mathematics and astronomy. Thou...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=3454204 ... Read more

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Chapters: 300 Bc Deaths, Eudemus of Rhodes, Callippus, Deidamia I of Epirus. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 18. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Eudemus of Rhodes (Greek: ) was an ancient Greek philosopher, and first historian of science who lived from ca. 370 BC until ca. 300 BC. He was one of Aristotle's most important pupils, editing his teacher's work and making it more easily accessible. Eudemus' nephew, Pasicles, was also credited with editing Aristotle's works. Eudemus was born on the isle of Rhodes, but spent a large part of his life in Athens, where he studied philosophy at Aristotle's Peripatetic School. Eudemus's collaboration with Aristotle was long-lasting and close, and he was generally considered to be one of Aristotle's most brilliant pupils: he and Theophrastus of Lesbos were regularly called not Aristotle's "disciples", but his "companions" (`). It seems that Theophrastus was the greater genius of the two, continuing Aristotle's studies in a wide range of areas. Although Eudemus too conducted original research, his forte lay in systematizing Aristotle's philosophical legacy, and in a clever didactical presentation of his teacher's ideas. Later authors who wrote commentaries on Aristotle often made good use of Eudemus's preliminary work. It is for this reason that, though Eudemus's writings themselves are not extant, we know many citations and testimonia regarding his work, and are thus able to build up a picture of him and his work. Aristotle, shortly before his death in 322 BC, designated Theophrastus to be his successor as head of the Peripatetic School. Eudemus then returned to Rhodes, where he founded his own philosophical school, continued his own philosophical research, and went on editing Aristotle's work. At the insistence of Aristotle, Eudemus wrote hi...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=3454204 ... Read more

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Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Not illustrated. Excerpt: Eudemus of Rhodes (Greek: ) was an ancient Greek philosopher, and first historian of science who lived from ca. 370 BC until ca. 300 BC. He was one of Aristotle's most important pupils, editing his teacher's work and making it more easily accessible. Eudemus' nephew, Pasicles, was also credited with editing Aristotle's works. Eudemus was born on the isle of Rhodes, but spent a large part of his life in Athens, where he studied philosophy at Aristotle's Peripatetic School. Eudemus's collaboration with Aristotle was long-lasting and close, and he was generally considered to be one of Aristotle's most brilliant pupils: he and Theophrastus of Lesbos were regularly called not Aristotle's "disciples", but his "companions" (`). It seems that Theophrastus was the greater genius of the two, continuing Aristotle's studies in a wide range of areas. Although Eudemus too conducted original research, his forte lay in systematizing Aristotle's philosophical legacy, and in a clever didactical presentation of his teacher's ideas. Later authors who wrote commentaries on Aristotle often made good use of Eudemus's preliminary work. It is for this reason that, though Eudemus's writings themselves are not extant, we know many citations and testimonia regarding his work, and are thus able to build up a picture of him and his work. Aristotle, shortly before his death in 322 BC, designated Theophrastus to be his successor as head of the Peripatetic School. Eudemus then returned to Rhodes, where he founded his own philosophical school, continued his own philosophical research, and went on editing Aristotle's work. At the insistence of Aristotle, Eudemus wrote histories of Greek mathematics and astronomy. Though only fragments of these have survived, ... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=3454204 ... Read more

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Chapters: Roman-Era Rhodian Philosophers, Andronicus of Rhodes, Posidonius, Panaetius, Eudemus of Rhodes, Hecato of Rhodes, Cleobulus, Hieronymus of Rhodes. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 37. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Posidonius (Greek: / Poseidonios) "of Apameia" ( ) or "of Rhodes" ( ) (ca. 135 BCE - 51 BCE), was a Greek Stoic philosopher, politician, astronomer, geographer, historian and teacher native to Apamea, Syria. He was acclaimed as the greatest polymath of his age. None of his vast body of work can be read in its entirety today, as it exists only in fragments. Posidonius, nicknamed "the Athlete", was born to a Greek family in Apamea, a Hellenistic city on the river Orontes in northern Syria, and probably died in Rome or Rhodes. Posidonius completed his higher education in Athens, where he was a student of the aged Panaetius, the head of the Stoic school. He settled around 95 BCE in Rhodes, a maritime state which had a reputation for scientific research, and became a citizen. In Rhodes, Posidonius actively took part in political life, and his high standing is apparent from the offices he held. He attained the highest public office as one of the Prytaneis (presidents, having a six months tenure) of Rhodes. He served as an ambassador to Rome in 87 - 86 BCE, during the Marian and Sullan era. Along with other Greek intellectuals, Posidonius favored Rome as the stabilizing power in a turbulent world. His connections to the Roman ruling class was for him not only politically important and sensible but was also important to his scientific researches. His entry into government provided Posidonius with powerful connections to facilitate his travels to far away places, even beyond Roman control. After he had established himself in Rhodes, Posidonius made one or more journeys...More: http://booksllc.net/?id=87868 ... Read more

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Chapters: Aristotle, Dicaearchus, Theophrastus, Aristoxenus, Strato of Lampsacus, Eudemus of Rhodes, Demetrius of Phalerum, Clearchus of Soli, Critolaus, Phanias of Eresus, Aristobulus of Paneas, Lyco of Troas, Aristo of Ceos, Hermippus of Smyrna, Ptolemy-El-Garib, Chamaeleon, Praxiphanes, Hieronymus of Rhodes, Calliphon. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 110. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Aristotle (Greek: , Aristotéls) (384 BC 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle's writings constitute a first at creating a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics. Aristotle's views on the physical sciences profoundly shaped medieval scholarship, and their influence extended well into the Renaissance, although they were ultimately replaced by Newtonian physics. In the biological sciences, some of his observations were confirmed to be accurate only in the nineteenth century. His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late nineteenth century into modern formal logic. In metaphysics, Aristotelianism had a profound influence on philosophical and theological thinking in the Islamic and Jewish traditions in the Middle Ages, and it continues to influence Christian theology, especially Eastern Orthodox theology, and the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church. His ethics, though always influential, gained renewed interest with the mod...http://booksllc.net/?id=308 ... Read more

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