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Cramer Gabriel:     more detail

Gabriel Cramer: An entry from Gale's <i>Science and Its Times</i> by Judson Knight, 2000 The Conductor's Legacy: Conductors on Conducting for Wind Band/G7660 by Frank Battisti, Harry Begian, et all 2009-12-11 Lettres Inedites a Son Imprimeur Gabriel Cramer by Voltaire, 1952-10-01 Gabriel Cramer (1704-1752) et ses correspondants by Pierre Speziali, 1999 Seismicity and tectonics of the Eastern San Gabriel Mountains area, San Bernardino and Los Angeles Counties, California by Cris H Cramer, 1979 Selected Pieces. Complied [sic] and edited for piano solo by Robin de Smet,etc by Gabriel Urbain Fauré, 1975 Dolly. Op. 36 [or rather, 56]. Suite pour piano a by Gabriel Urbain Fauré, 1978

lists with details

1. Cramer
   Gabriel Cramer, suizo, trabajó en Análisis y determinantes. Llegó a ser profesor de matemáticas en Ginebra, escribió un trabajo donde relataba la física, también en geometría y la historia de las matemáticas.  
   http://www.sectormatematica.cl/biografias/cramer.htm

2. Cramer
   Gabriel Cramer. Gabriel Cramer's father was Jean Isaac Cramer, who wasa medical doctor in Geneva, while his mother was Anne Mallet.  
   http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Cramer.html
   
   Extractions: Gabriel Cramer 's father was Jean Isaac Cramer, who was a medical doctor in Geneva, while his mother was Anne Mallet. Jean and Anne had three sons who all went on to academic success. Besides Gabriel, their other two sons were Jean-Antione who followed his father's profession and Jean who became a professor of law. The scheme the magistrates proposed was to split the chair of philosophy into two chairs, one chair of philosophy and one chair of mathematics. De la Rive was offered the philosophy chair, which after all was what he had applied for in the first place, while Cramer and Calandrini were offered the mathematics chair on the understanding that they shared the duties and shared the salary. The magistrates put another condition on the appointment too, namely that Cramer and Calandrini each spend two or three years travelling and while one was away the other would take on the full list of duties and the full salary. It was a good plan for not only did it successfully attract all three men to the Academy, but it also gave Cramer the opportunity to travel and meet mathematicians around Europe and he was to take full advantage of this which both benefited him and the Academy. Cramer and Calandrini divided up the mathematics courses each would teach. Cramer taught geometry and mechanics while Calandrini taught algebra and astronomy. The two had been paired in the arrangement and their friends joking called them Castor and Pollux. Had their personalities been different the arrangement might have presented all sorts of difficulties, but given their natures things worked out remarkably well. Cramer is said to have been [1]:-

3. Poster Of Cramer
   Gabriel Cramer. lived from 1704 to 1752. Gabriel Cramer worked on analysisand determinants. Find out more at http//wwwhistory  
   http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Posters2/Cramer.html

4. WIEM: Cramer Gabriel
   cramer gabriel (17041752) szwajcarski matematyk i fizyk, ucze Johanna Bernoulliego (opublikowa jego dziea), profesor uniwersytetu w Genewie  
   http://www.encyklopedia.pl/wiem/0137fb-p.html
   
   Extractions: poka¿ powi±zane Cramer Gabriel (1704-1752) szwajcarski matematyk i fizyk, uczeñ Johanna Bernoulliego (opublikowa³ jego dzie³a), profesor uniwersytetu w Genewie. Autor prac z zakresu teorii wyznaczników ( Cramera wzory ), analizy mat., teorii krzywych algebraicznych (m.in. bada³ w³asno¶ci tzw. diabelskiej krzywej) oraz historii matematyki. zobacz wszystkie serwisy do góry Encyklopedia zosta³a opracowana na podstawie Popularnej Encyklopedii Powszechnej Wydawnictwa Fogra

5. WIEM: Cramer Gabriel
   cramer gabriel (17041752) szwajcarski matematyk i fizyk, uczen Johanna Bernoulliego(opublikowal jego dziela), profesor uniwersytetu w Genewie  
   http://wiem.onet.pl/wiem/0137fb.html
   
   Extractions: poka¿ powi±zane Cramer Gabriel (1704-1752) szwajcarski matematyk i fizyk, uczeñ Johanna Bernoulliego (opublikowa³ jego dzie³a), profesor uniwersytetu w Genewie. Autor prac z zakresu teorii wyznaczników ( Cramera wzory ), analizy mat., teorii krzywych algebraicznych (m.in. bada³ w³asno¶ci tzw. diabelskiej krzywej) oraz historii matematyki. zobacz wszystkie serwisy do góry Encyklopedia zosta³a opracowana na podstawie Popularnej Encyklopedii Powszechnej Wydawnictwa Fogra

6. WIEM: Bernoulli Johann
   (encyklopedia.pl)Category World Polska Leksykon Encyklopedia encyklopedia.pl B Euler Leonhard, Wariacyjny rachunek, Analiza matematyczna, cramer gabriel, Rózniczkowageometria, Wirtualne przesuniecie, Taylor Brook, Brachistochrona  
   http://wiem.onet.pl/wiem/00f6e7.html
   
   Extractions: poka¿ powi±zane Bernoulli Johann (1667-1748), matematyk szwajcarski, m³odszy brat Jakoba, profesor matematyki na uniwersytetach w Groningen i Bazylei. Autor prac o  rachunku ró¿niczkowym i  ca³kowym , zajmowa³ siê liniami geodezyjnymi, da³ podstawy rachunkowi wariacyjnemu brachistochrona Opracowa³ teoriê pewnej klasy równañ ró¿niczkowych, nazwanych od jego imienia równaniami Bernoulliego Zobacz równie¿ Bernoulliego schemat Powi±zania Euler Leonhard Wariacyjny rachunek Analiza matematyczna Cramer Gabriel ... do góry Encyklopedia zosta³a opracowana na podstawie Popularnej Encyklopedii Powszechnej Wydawnictwa Fogra

7. Famous People
   Compton Arthur Cooper Leon Clausius Rudolf Clebsch Alfred Copernicus Nicholaus CoriolisGustave Cornell Eric Coulomb Charles cramer gabriel Cronin James Curie  
   http://www.aldebaran.cz/famous/list_abc.html

8. Cramer Gabriel
   Translate this page cramer gabriel cramer gabriel suisse, 1704-1752. Professeur de mathématiqueset de philosophie à Genève, ami de son compatriote Jean Bernoulli.  
   http://www.smithclub.org/adult-index-page.htm

9. Gabriel Cramer
   Gabriel Cramer 17041752 Gabriel Cramer certainly moved rapidly throughhis education in Geneva, and in 1722 while he was still  
   http://www.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Cm.html
   
   Extractions: As part of his appointment, Cramer did lots of travelling. He visited leading mathematicians in many different cities and countries of Europe. He headed straight away for Basel where many leading mathematicians were working, spending five months working with Johann Bernoulli, and also Euler who soon afterwards headed off to St. Petersburg to be with Daniel Bernoulli. Cramer then visited England where he met Halley, de Moivre, Stirling, and other mathematicians. From England, Cramer made his way to Paris where he had discussions with Fontenelle, Maupertuis, Buffon, Clairaut, and others. His discussions with these mathematicians and the continuing correspondence with them after he returned to Geneva had a big influence on Cramer's work. Back in Geneva in 1729, Cramer was at work on an entry for the prize set by the Paris Academy for 1730. Cramer's entry was judged as the second best of those received by the Academy, the prize being won by Johann Bernoulli. In 1734, Calandrini was appointed to the chair of philosophy and Cramer became the sole holder of the Chair of Mathematics. Cramer lived a busy life, for in addition to his teaching and correspondence with many mathematicians, he produced articles of considerable interest, although these are not of the importance of the articles written by most of the top mathematicians with whom he corresponded. He published articles covering a wide range of subjects including the study of geometric problems, the history of mathematics, philosophy, and the date of Easter. He published an article on the aurora borealis, and one on law where he applied probability to demonstrate the significance of having independent testimony from 2 or 3 witnesses rather than from a single witness.

10. Cramer
    Translate this page cramer gabriel suisse, 1704-1752 Professeur de mathématiques et dephilosophie à Genève, ami de son compatriote Jean Bernoulli.  
    http://www.sciences-en-ligne.com/momo/chronomath/chrono1/Cramer.html
    
    Extractions: Paradoxe de Cramer : Maclaurin + 3n)/2 points. Maclaurin Pour en savoir un peu plus : Le cas des ellipses ax + by + cx + dxy + ey + f = x + By + Cx + Dxy + Ey + F = La formule de Maclaurin Maclaurin x ,x ,...,x n . Etant donné un tel système, on calcule son déterminant D. La solution est : (x ,x ,...,x n ) = (D /D , D /D ,... , D n /D) i théorème de Rouché-Fontené traite le cas D = 0. La Cauchy En pratique, la méthode de Cramer pour de "gros" systèmes n'est jamais utilisée (tout particulièrement en informatique) car coûteuse en temps de calcul (et source d'erreurs). On lui préfère des méthodes d'approximations successives ou de triangulation de la matrice associée : Méthode des pivots de Gauss : Bayes Buffon

11. Estampes De L'Ecole Des Chartes, Réponse à L'interrogation
    Translate this page DELAUNAY Nicolas, GRAVELOT Hubert François Bourguignon dit, VOLTAIRE, CRAMER Philipert,cramer gabriel, Illustration pour Voltaire, la Henriade, Henri IV aux  
    http://www.enc.sorbonne.fr/estampes/interrogation.php?technique=burin, eau-forte

12. Estampes De L'Ecole Des Chartes, Index Des Auteurs
    Translate this page VIRGILIO Polidoro, AUGRAIN Roger, BIGNET François. VOLTAIRE, CRAMERPhilipert, cramer gabriel. VOLTAIRE, DIDOT Pierre-François. VOLTAIRE  
    http://www.enc.sorbonne.fr/estampes/auteurlivre.php

13. MatematicaMENTE
    Translate this page cramer gabriel (1704-1752). Matemático Suizo. Aunque Cramer no estáconsiderado al lado de los grandes matemáticos de su tiempo  
    http://ar.geocities.com/matematicamente/cramer.htm
    
    Extractions: Cramer Gabriel (1704-1752) Matemático Suizo. Aunque Cramer no está considerado al lado de los grandes matemáticos de su tiempo, sus contribuciones como diseminador de las ideas matemáticas le ganaron un bien merecido lugar en la historia de las matemáticas. Cramer viajó bastante y conoció a muchos de los grandes matemáticos de su época. Estos contactos y amistades condujeron a una correspondencia abundante a través de la cual se difundía la información sobre nuevos descubrimientos matemáticos. El trabajo más conocido de Cramer, "Introduction á l'analyse des lignes courbes algébriques" (1750), es un estudio y una clasificación de curvas algebraicas; la regla de Cramer apareció en el apéndice. Aunque la regla lleva su nombre, variantes de la idea básica fueron planteadas antes por otros matemáticos. Sin embargo, la notación superior de Cramer ayudó a aclarar y popularizar la técnica. El exceso de trabajo, combinado con una caída de un carruaje, provocaron su fallecimiento en 1752. Aparentemente, Cramer era una persona de buen corazón y agradable, aunque nunca contrajo matrimonio. Sus intereses eran amplios. Escribió sobre filosofía de las leyes y del gobierno, y sobre la historia de las matemáticas. Trabajó en una oficina pública, participó en la artillería y en actividades de fortificaciones para el gobierno, instruyó a trabajadores sobre técnicas de reparación de catedrales y efectuó excavaciones de archivos catedralicios. Cramer recibió numerosos honores por sus actividades.

14. Matematicos
      gabriel cramer  Nació 31 de Julio de 1704 en Ginebra, Suiza  Falleció 4 de Enero de 1752 en Bagnolssur-Cèze, Francia  gabriel cramer trabajó en Análisis y determinantes.  
    http://www.mat.usach.cl/histmat/html/cram.html

15. Gabriel Cramer
    Translate this page Gabriel Cramer. Gabriel Cramer (1704-1752) Gabriel Cramer trabajó enAnálisis y determinantes. Llegó a ser profesor de matemáticas  
    http://bios.euroritmo.com/default.aspx?personaje=Gabriel Cramer

16. Cramer
    Best known for his work on determinants, made contributions to the study of algebraic curves.  
    http://history.math.csusb.edu/Mathematicians/Cramer.html
    
    Extractions: Gabriel Cramer 's father was Jean Isaac Cramer, who was a medical doctor in Geneva, while his mother was Anne Mallet. Jean and Anne had three sons who all went on to academic success. Besides Gabriel, their other two sons were Jean-Antione who followed his father's profession and Jean who became a professor of law. The scheme the magistrates proposed was to split the chair of philosophy into two chairs, one chair of philosophy and one chair of mathematics. De la Rive was offered the philosophy chair, which after all was what he had applied for in the first place, while Cramer and Calandrini were offered the mathematics chair on the understanding that they shared the duties and shared the salary. The magistrates put another condition on the appointment too, namely that Cramer and Calandrini each spend two or three years travelling and while one was away the other would take on the full list of duties and the full salary. It was a good plan for not only did it successfully attract all three men to the Academy, but it also gave Cramer the opportunity to travel and meet mathematicians around Europe and he was to take full advantage of this which both benefited him and the Academy. Cramer and Calandrini divided up the mathematics courses each would teach. Cramer taught geometry and mechanics while Calandrini taught algebra and astronomy. The two had been paired in the arrangement and their friends joking called them Castor and Pollux. Had their personalities been different the arrangement might have presented all sorts of difficulties, but given their natures things worked out remarkably well. Cramer is said to have been [1]:-

17. Cramer, Gabriel
    cramer, gabriel. 31.7.1704 Genf, 4.1.1752 Bagnolssur-Cèze (Dep.  
    http://www.snl.ch/dhs/externe/protect/textes/D25878.html
    
    Extractions: Cramer, Frédéric Auguste Cramer, Gabriel No 6 31.7.1704 Genf, 4.1.1752 Bagnols-sur-Cèze (Dep. Gard, F), ref., von Genf. Sohn des Jean Isaac, Arztes, und der Anne Mallet. Bruder des Jean ( -> No 10 ), Cousin des Gabriel ( -> No 7 ). Ledig. Besuch der Akad. Genf; 1722 Doktorat. 1724 Berufung auf den neugeschaffenen Lehrstuhl für Mathematik zusammen mit Jean-Louis Calandrini. Ab 1734 alleiniger Inhaber des Lehrstuhls. 1750 Philosophieprof. Sein bekanntestes Werk, die "Introduction à l'analyse des lignes courbes algébriques", erschien 1750. Begründer der Cramerschen Regel und des Cramerschen Paradoxes sowie zusammen mit Leibnitz der Determinanten-Theorie. Zudem berechnete C. die Umlaufbahnen und Sonnenentfernungen von Planeten. Zahlreiche Werke, umfangreiche wiss. Korrespondenz. 1734 Einsitz im Rat der Zweihundert und 1749 im Rat der Sechzig. Korrespondierendes Mitglied der Royal Society London und der Königl. Akad. der Wiss. von Berlin, ferner Mitglied der Akad. von Bologna, Lyon und Montpellier.

18. Gabriel Cramer
    gabriel cramer nasceu no dia 31 de julho de 1704 em Geneva (agora Suíca), e morreu em 4 de janeiro de 1752 em Bagnols  
    http://www.brasil.terravista.pt/magoito/1866/Historia/cramer.htm

19. ELibrary.com - The Hutchinson Dictionary Of Scientific Biography ELibrary Is The
    cramer, gabriel. 22.5.1723 Genf, 18.3.1793 Genf, ref., von Genf.  
    http://redirect-west.inktomi.com/click?u=http://ask.elibrary.com/getdoc.asp%3Fpu

20. Cramer, Gabriel
    Translate this page 30/01/02 No 7. cramer, gabriel. 22.5.1723 Genf, 18.3.1793 Genf, ref., von Genf.Sohn des Guillaume-Philibert und der Jeanne-Louise De Tournes. Sowohl die Fam.  
    http://www.snl.ch/dhs/externe/protect/textes/D31182.html
    
    Extractions: Cramer, Gabriel Cramer, Gérald No 7 22.5.1723 Genf, 18.3.1793 Genf, ref., von Genf. Sohn des Guillaume-Philibert und der Jeanne-Louise De Tournes. Sowohl die Fam. des Vaters wie auch die der Mutter waren im Buchhändler- und Druckereigewerbe tätig. Enkel des Jean-Antoine, Vetter des Gabriel ( -> No 6 Claire Delon, von La Salle (Languedoc, F). Noch als Minderjährige taten sich 1738 C. und sein Bruder Philibert (1727-79) mit Claude und Antoine Philibert zusammen; 1753 übernahmen sie die Geschäfte. Von 1763-77 leitete C. allein eine der grössten Buchhandlungen Europas. Er gab die meisten Werke Voltaires heraus, während dieser in Genf weilte, und veröffentlichte theol. und wiss. Schriften. Die von ihm publizierten polit. Pamphlete enthielten oft keine Angaben über Erscheinungsort und Herausgeber, weil sie häufig der Zensur gemeldet wurden.

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