1. ZITKALA-SA LEGENDS AS TOLD BY ZitkalaSa. Zitkala-Sa (Red Bird), Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, 1876-1938, was born at the Yankton http://www.y-indianguides.com/pfm_ik_zitkalasha.html

Chat directly with Big Eagle if icon is blinking Big Eagle's Y-INDIAN MEDALLIONS INDIAN GUIDES PRINCESS MAIDENS BRAVES ... TRAILBLAZERS Click medallion for Home Page Click on the fire E-mail Big Eagle, sign his guest book or phone 888-222-8228. To tell a friend about his site, click here THE IKTOMI LEGENDS AS TOLD BY ZITKALA-SA Zitkala-Sa (Red Bird), Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, 1876-1938, was born at the Yankton Reservation in South Dakota where she was raised as a Lakota Sioux. She attended a Quaker missionary school in Indiana, White's Manual Labor Institute. She later attended Earlham College, 1895-1897, also in Indiana, then taught at Carlisle Indian Training School. In 1916 Zitkala was elected secretary-treasurer of the Society of American Indians, also editing their journal, American Indian Magazine. In 1921 she founded her own political organization, the National Council of American Indians. Much more information about Red Bird can be found here ". . . I prefer to their dogma my excursions into the natural gardens where the voice of the Great Spirit is heard in the twittering of birds, the rippling of mighty waters, and the sweet breathing of flowers. If this is Paganism, then at present, at least, I am a Pagan."

2. PROJECT GUTENBERG - Catalog By Author - Zitkala-Sa, 1876-1938 Etexts by Author ZitkalaSa, 1876-1938 AKA Bonnin, Gertrude (Zitkala-Sa) Z Index Main Index Old Indian Legends LANGUAGE http://www.informika.ru/text/books/gutenb/gutind/TEMP/zitkalasa_.html

3. Gertrude Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa) (Sioux) (1876-1938) Gertrude Bonnin (ZitkalaSa) (Sioux) (1876-1938) Contributing Editor Kristin Herzog Classroom Issues and Strategies http://www.georgetown.edu/bassr/heath/syllabuild/iguide/bonnin.html

Gertrude Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa) (Sioux) (1876-1938) Contributing Editor: Kristin Herzog Classroom Issues and Strategies Without a knowledge of Zitkala-Sa's life and the near impossibility for an American Indian woman of her time to publish independently, students will wonder where these stories fit in. It is important to point out the extreme difficulties of a writer trying to preserve a tribal heritage and yet to communicate to a white audience. Besides dealing with matters of biography, history, and style, I think approaching these early American Indian authors from the religious perspective (Native American spirituality versus enforced assimilation to Christian beliefs) is effective in helping students to sense the very basic dilemma of a writer, a problem of cultural and spiritual identity that goes deeper than mere issues of civil rights, important as they are. Students easily identify with the aspect of social criticism or rebellion, but may not find the style particularly attractive because they do not know the historical and biographical background and the tastes of the literary market at this time. Major Themes, Historical Perspectives, and Personal Issues

4. Gertrude Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa) (Sioux) (1876-1938) Gertrude Bonnin (ZitkalaSa) (Sioux) (1876-1938). Contributing EditorKristin Herzog. Classroom Issues and Strategies. Without a knowledge http://college.hmco.com/english/heath/syllabuild/iguide/bonnin.html

Gertrude Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa) (Sioux) (1876-1938) Contributing Editor: Kristin Herzog Classroom Issues and Strategies Without a knowledge of Zitkala-Sa's life and the near impossibility for an American Indian woman of her time to publish independently, students will wonder where these stories fit in. It is important to point out the extreme difficulties of a writer trying to preserve a tribal heritage and yet to communicate to a white audience. Besides dealing with matters of biography, history, and style, I think approaching these early American Indian authors from the religious perspective (Native American spirituality versus enforced assimilation to Christian beliefs) is effective in helping students to sense the very basic dilemma of a writer, a problem of cultural and spiritual identity that goes deeper than mere issues of civil rights, important as they are. Students easily identify with the aspect of social criticism or rebellion, but may not find the style particularly attractive because they do not know the historical and biographical background and the tastes of the literary market at this time. Major Themes, Historical Perspectives, and Personal Issues

5. Zitkala-Sa Or Gertrude Simmons Bonnin About Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (ZitkalaSa) (1876-1938). About arts and literature. http://www.gonzaga.edu/faculty/campbell/enl311/zitkala.htm

Literary Movements Timeline American Authors English 310/510 ... English 462/562 Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa) (1876-1938) American Literature Sites Foley Library Catalog Zitkala-Sa Biography and links at the Native American Authors Project Biography by Roseanne Hoefel and bibliography at the The Online Archive of Nineteenth-Century U.S. Women's Writings. (Image courtesy of this site.) Biographical sketch by Melessa Rae Henderson at the Voices from the Gaps: American Women of Color site. Brief Biography at http://indy4.fdl.cc.mn.us/~isk/stories/authors/bonnin.html Kristin Herzog's general commentary on teaching Zitkala-Sa from the Heath Anthology site. General Bibliography of Native American Literature Works Available Online An Indian Teacher Among Indians Atlantic Monthly ( 1900), Volume 85. Impressions of an Indian Childhood Atlantic Monthly Old Indian Legends (1901) Old Indian Legends (1901) (plain text from Project Gutenberg) School Days of an Indian Girl Atlantic Monthly Soft Hearted Sioux Harper's Monthly , New York (1901 )

6. Heath Anthology Of American Literature 4/e Gertrude Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa; Sioux) Gertrude Bonnin (ZitkalaSa; Sioux) (1876-1938) In her writings as well as her workas an Indian rights activist, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, or Zitkala-Sa (Red http://college.hmco.com/english/lauter/heath/4e/students/author_pages/late_ninet

Site Orientation Heath Orientation Timeline Access Author Profile Pages by: Table of Contents Authors by Name Authors by Year Internet Research Guide Textbook Site for: The Heath Anthology of American Literature , Fourth Edition Paul Lauter, General Editor Gertrude Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa; Sioux) Meanwhile, the estrangement from her mother and the old ways of the reservation had grown, as had her indignation over the treatment of American Indians by the state, church, and population at large. Around 1900 she began to express her feelings publicly in writing. In articles in the Atlantic Monthly and other journals she struggled with the issues of cultural dislocation and injustice that brought suffering to her people. But her authorial voice was not merely critical. She was earnestly committed to being a bridge builder between cultures, for example, by writing Old Indian Legends, published in 1901. "I have tried," she says in the introduction to that work, "to transplant the native spirit of these tales—root and all—into the English language, since America in the last few centuries has acquired a second tongue." In the following decades, Zitkala-Sa's writing efforts were increasingly part of, and finally supplanted by, her work as an Indian rights activist. She had accepted a clerkship at the Standing Rock Reservation, where she met and married Raymond T. Bonnin, another Sioux employee of the Indian service. The Bonnins then transferred to a reservation in Utah where they became affiliated with the Society of American Indians. Zitkala-Sa was elected secretary of the Society in 1916, and the Bonnins moved to Washington, D.C., where she worked with the Society and edited the

7. Zitkala-Sa Images of ZitkalaSa In the last years of the nineteenth century, photographer Gertrude Käsebier (1852-1934) began photographing members of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show in New York City. http://saxakali.com/youth/zitkala-sa.htm

Zitkala-Sa Home native american experience Course: Native American Experience Zitkala-Sa Part I (YU4210) Type: Self-study tutorial Level: Grade 8 and up Directions: This course makes use of an online text, Impressions of an Indian Childhood , and is divided into five two-hour lessons. Students are required to read about 3 pages each learning session. Follow each lesson on the right and then come back and take the quiz. Be sure to find out all the right answers to the quiz before moving on to the next lesson. After you have completed all of the readings, do the final project below, and email it to coloru@saxakali.com Introduction Gertrude Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa) (1876-1938) Lesson 1 Impressions of Childhood Read pages to Quiz Lesson 2 Objectives: After carefully going through these lessons, you will learn and understand some of the following: - the life and experiences of a Native American young woman, Zitkala-Sa, during the conquest period - the history and practice of genocide in America - the hard life and of Native American women, children, and men, during the conquest period

8. Fiction: Zitkala-Sa ZitkalaSa (1876-1938). LINKS. Internet Public Library Native American Authors Project http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/LITLINKS/fiction/zitkala.htm

MM_preloadImages('../images/m_research_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_related_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_literary_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_critical_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_essays_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_poetry_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_drama_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_fiction_o.gif'); Zitkala-Sa LINKS Internet Public Library: Native American Authors Project http://www.ipl.org/cgi/ref/native/browse.pl/A91 This page, part of a much larger educational site on Native Americans, features a brief biography and a list of online resources by or about Zitkala-Sa. South Dakota: A Guide to the Great Sioux Nation http://www.state.sd.us/state/executive/tourism/sioux/sioux.htm Read about the Yankton Sioux tribe, of which Zitkala-Sa was a member. BIOGRAPHY Zitkala-Sa [Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, (1876-1938)] was born at the Yankton Sioux Agency in South Dakota, the third child of Tate I Yohin Win (Reaches for the Wind), a full-blood Dakota woman, and a white man who deserted the mother before her daughter's birth. Zitkala-Sa was raised in the Dakota Sioux tribe, but in 1884 she was persuaded to follow missionaries back to a Quaker boarding schools for Indians in Wabash, Indiana. After six years at the boarding school, Zitkala-Sa studied at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, from 1895 to 1897 and then began to teach at Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania in 1899. There, under the Lakota name Zitkala-Sa (Red Bird), she started to publish autobiographical stories in magazines. In 1900

9. Voices From The Gaps: Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitakala-Sa) GERTRUDE SIMMONS BONNIN (ZitkalaSa) (1876-1938). PROJECT INFO. Overview andpurpose of the program. Awards. Credits acknowledgments. List of contributors. http://voices.cla.umn.edu/authors/BONNINgertrude.html

PROJECT WRITERS CLASSROOM SUBMIT ... By significant dates GERTRUDE SIMMONS BONNIN (ZITKALA-SA) PROJECT INFO Overview and purpose of the program Awards List of contributors Permissions list ... Contact us (please note that we have no contact with the writers and cannot provide contact information) A 'Christianity' pugilist commented upon a recent article of mine, grossly perverting the spirit of my pen. Still I would not forget that the pale-faced missionary and the hoodooed aborigine are both God's creatures, though small indeed their own conceptions of Infinite Love. A wee child toddling in a wonder world, I prefer to their dogma my excursions into the natural gardens where the voice of the Great Spirit is heard in the twittering of birds, the rippling of mighty waters, and the sweet breathing of flowers. If this is Paganism, then at present, at least, I am a Pagan. "Why I am A Pagan" Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa) Photo credits Click to go to: Biography - Criticism Selected Bibliography Related Links BIOGRAPHY - CRITICISM Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, Zitkala Sha (Red Bird), was an extraordinarily talented and educated Native American woman who struggled and triumphed in a time when severe prejudice prevailed toward Native American culture and women. Her talents and contributions in the worlds of literature, music, and politics challenge long-standing beliefs in the white man's culture as good, and Native Americans as sinful savages. Bonnin aimed at creating understanding between the dominant white and Native American cultures. As a woman of mixed white and Native American ancestry, she embodied the need for the two cultures to live cooperatively within the same body of land. Her works criticized dogma, and her life as a Native American woman was dedicated against the evils of oppression.

10. Project Gutenberg Author Record Project Gutenberg Author record. ZitkalaSa, 1876-1938. Titles. Old IndianLegends. To the main listings page. Main Project Gutenberg Web page (online). http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/authors/zitkala-sa__1876-1938.html

Project Gutenberg Author record Zitkala-Sa, 1876-1938 Titles Old Indian Legends To the main listings page Main Project Gutenberg Web page (online)

11. Zitkala-Sa. [Gertrude Simmons Bonnin] American Indian Stories. 195 p. ; 21 cm. ZitkalaSa, 1876-1938. Yankton IndiansBiography....... http://www.worldbookdealers.com/books/priscillajuvelis/0000157300/bk0000157309.a

Visit WorldPrintDealers Welcome to WorldBookDealers Sign in Register You have 0 items in your Shopping Basket Your Wishes Your Account Dealer For more information on Priscilla Juvelis, Inc. , click here Summary Author: Native American. Title: Zitkala-Sa. [Gertrude Simmons Bonnin] American Indian Stories. Publication: Washington: Hayworth Publishing House, 1921. Price: Book Sold Reference No: Book Description Signed by the Author First Edition, Signed by the author on the half-title in purple ink, "Zitkala-Sa/(Gertrude Bonnin)". 8vo, 195pp; tan cloth stamped in red and black in Indian design with author and title in black on front and spine. Lower tips rubbed, spine a bit soiled, generally very good. Zitkala-Sa [Gertrude Simmons Bonnin] (1876-1938), Indian author and reformer, was born in South Dakota on a reservation. As a child she was educated at a Quaker missionary school in Indiana, and during this time, she grew estranged from her family and from Sioux traditions. She became painfully aware of the tension between tradition and acculturation and of the great lack of understanding people had about Native American cultures. In response, she adopted the named Zitkala-Sa (Red Bird) and began writing about her experiences. Her realizations as a young woman about the difficulties of being part Native American led her to lifelong work in political reform and cultural education. As a political activist, Bonnin worked with and founded several organizations focused on Native American rights. She served as secretary of the first Indian reform organization managed by Indians, the Society of American Indians. She was also the editor of the society's magazine, the American Indian Magazine from 1918 to 1919. After the dissolution of the organization, she founded the National Council of American Indians and was president of the organization until her death in 1938. She also worked through the General Federation of Women's Clubs, helping establish the Indian Welfare Committee in 1921. She and her husband, Raymond Bonnin, lobbied the Congress and the Bureau of Indian Affairs on behalf of the Sioux and the Utes. Bonnin, a talented orator since her youth, also lectured on Sioux culture and the need for reform, appearing in traditional costume.

12. Project Gutenberg Author Index Author Index Z . Zaeunemann, Sidonia Hedwig. Zerbe, James Slough, 1850.Zitkala-Sa, 1876-1938. Zola, Emile, 1840-1902. Zorrilla, José, 1817-1893. http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/authors/author_index_Z.html

Project Gutenberg Author Index "Z" Zaeunemann, Sidonia Hedwig Zerbe, James Slough, 1850- Zitkala-Sa, 1876-1938 Zola, Emile, 1840-1902 ... Zschokke, Heinrich, 1771-1848 To the main listings page Main Project Gutenberg Web page (online)

13. DBM_GET_INDEX Failed ZitkalaSa, 1876-1938. Not found or no more entries match key. Dataon this system is ©Board of Trustees, Cleveland Public Library. http://js-catalog.cpl.org:60100/MARION/@VIDEO RECORDINGS FOR THE HEARING IMPAIRE

Hard error database failure Data on this system is ©Board of Trustees, Cleveland Public Library.

14. Fiction: Zitkala-Sa Back to List ZitkalaSa (1876-1938) LINKS Internet Public Library Native AmericanAuthors Project http//www.ipl.org/cgi/ref/native/browse.pl/A91 http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/litlinks/fiction/zitkala.htm

MM_preloadImages('../images/m_research_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_related_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_literary_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_critical_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_essays_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_poetry_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_drama_o.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/m_fiction_o.gif'); Zitkala-Sa LINKS Internet Public Library: Native American Authors Project http://www.ipl.org/cgi/ref/native/browse.pl/A91 This page, part of a much larger educational site on Native Americans, features a brief biography and a list of online resources by or about Zitkala-Sa. South Dakota: A Guide to the Great Sioux Nation http://www.state.sd.us/state/executive/tourism/sioux/sioux.htm Read about the Yankton Sioux tribe, of which Zitkala-Sa was a member. BIOGRAPHY Zitkala-Sa [Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, (1876-1938)] was born at the Yankton Sioux Agency in South Dakota, the third child of Tate I Yohin Win (Reaches for the Wind), a full-blood Dakota woman, and a white man who deserted the mother before her daughter's birth. Zitkala-Sa was raised in the Dakota Sioux tribe, but in 1884 she was persuaded to follow missionaries back to a Quaker boarding schools for Indians in Wabash, Indiana. After six years at the boarding school, Zitkala-Sa studied at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, from 1895 to 1897 and then began to teach at Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania in 1899. There, under the Lakota name Zitkala-Sa (Red Bird), she started to publish autobiographical stories in magazines. In 1900

15. Zitkala-Sa com. Introduction. Gertrude Bonnin (ZitkalaSa) (1876-1938). Lesson 1.Impressions of Childhood Read pages 37 to 39. Quiz. Lesson 2. Objectives http://www.saxakali.com/youth/zitkala-sa.htm

Zitkala-Sa Home native american experience Course: Native American Experience Zitkala-Sa Part I (YU4210) Type: Self-study tutorial Level: Grade 8 and up Directions: This course makes use of an online text, Impressions of an Indian Childhood , and is divided into five two-hour lessons. Students are required to read about 3 pages each learning session. Follow each lesson on the right and then come back and take the quiz. Be sure to find out all the right answers to the quiz before moving on to the next lesson. After you have completed all of the readings, do the final project below, and email it to coloru@saxakali.com Introduction Gertrude Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa) (1876-1938) Lesson 1 Impressions of Childhood Read pages to Quiz Lesson 2 Objectives: After carefully going through these lessons, you will learn and understand some of the following: - the life and experiences of a Native American young woman, Zitkala-Sa, during the conquest period - the history and practice of genocide in America - the hard life and of Native American women, children, and men, during the conquest period

16. Backflip Publisher: Tonkteacher | Folder: Zitkala-Sa Native American Authors Zitkala Sa the Internet Public Library Native American AuthorsProject Zitkala Sa , 18761938 Sioux Dakota Zitkala Sa was born at the http://www.backflip.com/members/tonkteacher/9721224/sort=0

Your browser either doesn't support JavaScript or has JavaScript disabled. Since many of the features of this site require JavaScript, click here to find out how to download or enable a compatible browser. Public Folders The Web Select a Web page from this folder below. Public Directory tonkteacher 10th American Literature 6 Voices of the Old West Zitkala-Sa (updated 2001/07/10) [Copy Folder] document.write(""); About Her Works Online Literature About the Author Sort by: Title Date Added About Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa) (1876-1938) About arts and literature. Get hot news, helpful advice, key links, and invaluable perspective from our expert human Guides. (added 2001/07/10) Zitkala-Sa http://biography.about.com/arts/biography/blzitkalasa.htm Bonnin, Gertrude Bonnin, Gertrude (1876-1938), writer and reformer Born on February 22, 1876, at the Yankton Sioux Agency in South Dakota, Gertrude Simmons was the dau (added 2001/07/10) Zitkala-Sa http://www.britannica.com/women/articles/Bonnin_Gertrude.html Cooper Child Zitkala-Sa Writing About Indians James Fenimore Cooper, The Last of the Mohicans (1826) Lydia Maria Child, Hobomok (1824) Zitkala-Sa [aka Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (added 2001/07/31) Zitkala-Sa http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/americanstudies/lavender/mhiques.html

17. Zitkala-Sa Or Gertrude Simmons Bonnin English 462/562 Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (ZitkalaSa) (1876-1938). . AmericanLiterature Sites Foley Library Catalog Zitkala-Sa Biography http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/campbell/enl311/zitkala.htm

Literary Movements Timeline American Authors English 310/510 ... English 462/562 Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa) (1876-1938) American Literature Sites Foley Library Catalog Zitkala-Sa Biography and links at the Native American Authors Project Biography by Roseanne Hoefel and bibliography at the The Online Archive of Nineteenth-Century U.S. Women's Writings. (Image courtesy of this site.) Biographical sketch by Melessa Rae Henderson at the Voices from the Gaps: American Women of Color site. Brief Biography at http://indy4.fdl.cc.mn.us/~isk/stories/authors/bonnin.html Kristin Herzog's general commentary on teaching Zitkala-Sa from the Heath Anthology site. General Bibliography of Native American Literature Works Available Online An Indian Teacher Among Indians Atlantic Monthly ( 1900), Volume 85. Impressions of an Indian Childhood Atlantic Monthly Old Indian Legends (1901) Old Indian Legends (1901) (plain text from Project Gutenberg) School Days of an Indian Girl Atlantic Monthly Soft Hearted Sioux Harper's Monthly , New York (1901 )

18. Why I Am Pagan By Zitkala-Sa Why I Am Pagan by ZitkalaSa (Gertrude Bonnin) (1876-1938). Writtenin 1902. When the spirit swells my breast I love to roam leisurely http://13moons.org/bos/why_i_am_pagan.htm

Home What's New Customer Comments 13 Moons' Altar Tool Set ... Candles Cards Yule Cards Moon Cards Dream Magic Doumbek Drums ... Moon Goddess Music Celtic Music Native American Music Oils Patches ... Links Why I Am Pagan by Zitkala-Sa (Gertrude Bonnin) (1876-1938) Written in 1902. When the spirit swells my breast I love to roam leisurely among the green hills; or sometimes, sitting on the brink of the murmuring Missouri, I marvel at the great blue overhead. With half closed eyes I watch the huge cloud shadows in their noiseless play upon the high bluffs opposite me, while into my ear ripple the sweet, soft cadences of the river's song. Folded hands lie in my lap, for the time forgot. My heart and I lie small upon the earth like a grain of throbbing sand. Drifting clouds and tinkling waters, together with the warmth of a genial summer day, bespeak with eloquence the loving Mystery round about us. During the idle while I sat upon the sunny river brink, I grew somewhat, though my response be not so clearly manifest as in the green grass fringing the edge of the high bluff back of me. At length retracing the uncertain footpath scaling the precipitous embankment, I seek the level lands where grow the wild prairie flowers. And they, the lovely little folk, soothe my soul with their perfumed breath.

19. Images Of Zitkala-Sa Käsebier's style. Käsebier had met ZitkalaSa (1876-1938) in NewYork in the last years of the nineteenth century. Zitkala-Sa http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/history/lavender/zitkalasaimages.html

Images of Zitkala-Sa Harper's Bazaar In Keiley's portrait of her, he presents Zitkala-Sa as a dreamy, unfocused representative of Indian womanhood. Among the several portraits Keiley took of Zitkala-Sa are four photographs of her in Chinese dress; these represent Keiley's view of her as an exotic "type" without regard to her individual identity or her Lakota origins. Recommended reading: Barbara L. Michaels, (New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1992), especially pp. 25-44. Prepared by Professor Catherine Lavender for HSS 502 (Honors SeminarAmerican Frontiers and Borderlands), The Department of History , The College of Staten Island of The City University of New York. Send email to lavender@postbox.csi.cuny.edu Last modified: Wednesday 13 September 2000.

20. Timeline 18471931), Parade of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show (1898) Zitkala-Sa (1876-1938), Impressions of an Indian Childhood (1900about 1870s-1880s) Mary Austin http://www.library.csi.cuny.edu/dept/history/lavender/time502.html

Timeline for Readings By Date of Production Mary Rowlandson (c. 1635-c. 1678), "Indian Captivity" (1676) The Declaration of Independence (1776) The Constitution of the United States of America (1789) Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), "Instructions to Meriwether Lewis" (1803) Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) and William Clark (1770-1838), Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition Lydia Maria Child, Hobomok James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851), The Last of the Mohicans Frederick Douglass (1817?-1895), Narrative Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896), Uncle Tom's Cabin Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862), Walden Walt Whitman (1819-1892); Leaves of Grass Bret Harte (1836-1902), "The Luck of Roaring Camp" and Other Short Stories Brooklyn Bridge (1883) Mark Twain (1835-1910), Roughing It Frederick Jackson Turner(1861-1932), "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" (1893) Thomas Edison (1847-1931), Parade of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show Zitkala-Sa (1876-1938), "Impressions of an Indian Childhood" (1900about 1870s-1880s) Mary Austin (1868-1934)

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