1. Snorri Sturluson (Nordic Authors Presented By Project Runeberg) Sturluson, Snorri (1179?1241), writer, Iceland. Read more about Snorri Sturluson in http://www.lysator.liu.se/runeberg/authors/snorre.html

Project Runeberg Nordic literature on the Internet since 1992. Nordic Authors Snorri Sturluson See also: Reference Biography and Genealogy Home Catalog ... Comments? Sturluson, Snorri (1179-1241) , writer, Iceland. Read more about Snorri Sturluson in: Nationalencyklopedin (sökning) Projekt Runebergs wiki Susning.nu Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: Dansk Deutsch English Français ... Svenska Snorri Sturluson is the author of the prosaic Edda , which is a text book for poetry students (not to be confused with the poetic Edda, Edda Saemundar ), and of Heimskringla , the history of Norse kings. The Online Medieval and Classic Library (OMACL) at the Berkeley SunSite has published Heimskringla (aka "The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway") , by Snorri Sturluson (Translation: Samuel Laing Snorri Sturluson presented in English by Kuusankoski Public Library in Finland. (OMACL) has published an English translation of Snorre's Heimskringla or The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway For more information about the two Eddas, see the Nordic FAQ See also the Microsoft Encarta Concise Edition Översättningar till modern svenska av såväl Snores Edda som hans Nordiska kungasagor har gjorts av Karl G. Johansson

2. Heimskringla (DL SunSITE) Snorri Sturluson 1179?1241. Snorri Sturluson was an Icelandic historian, poet and politician. http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Heimskringla

Heimskringla or The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway By Snorri Sturluson (c. 1179 - 1241) Online Medieval and Classical Library Release #15b Originally written in Old Norse, app. 1225 A.D., by the poet and historian Snorri Sturluson. English translation by Samuel Laing (London, 1844). The text of this edition is based on that published as "Heimskringla: A History of the Norse Kings" (Norroena Society, London, 1907), except for "Ynglinga Saga", which for reasons unknown is curiously absent from the Norroena Society edition. "Ynglinga Saga" text taken from Laing's original edition (London, 1844). This electronic edition was edited, proofed, and prepared by Douglas B. Killings DeTroyes@AOL.COM , April 1996. Some corrections and "Ynglinga Saga" added courtesy of Ms. Diane Brendan, May 1996. Preparer's Note Preface CONTENTS Ynglinga Saga Halfdan the Black Saga Harald Harfager's Saga Hakon the Good's Saga ... Saga of King Harald Grafeld and of Earl Hakon Son of Sigurd King Olaf Trygvason's Saga Part I Part II Part III Saga of Olaf Haraldson (St. Olaf) Part I Part II Part III Part IV ... Saga of Magnus the Good Saga of Harald Hardrade Part I Part II Saga of Olaf Kyrre Magnus Barefoot's Saga ... Saga of Sigurd, Inge, and Eystein, the Sons of Harald

3. Info On Snorri Snorri Sturluson (1179?1241). The learned Icelander Snorri is the author of a number of books, notably the Snorra Edda http://www.stepcla.subnet.dk/onorse/snorri.htm

Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241) The learned Icelander Snorri is the author of a number of books, notably the Snorra Edda (a.k.a. the Prosaic Edda) and the Heimskringla. The Snorra Edda (which is not the same work as the Elder Edda (a.k.a. the Poetic Edda) is one of our major sources on ancient scandinavian mythology. It was written as a handbook for skaldic poets. It is divided into three parts, preceded by a long Prologue. The Gylfaginning (befooling of Gylfi) gives a more or less systematical overview of the old norse mythology, within the framework of a contest on knowledge between Gylfi and a sort of a threefold god. In the Snorri gives a listing of kenningar used by older skalds. Kenningar are short descriptions for someone or something (i.e. "tree of the sea" for boat), often referring to other myths or stories. In addition to the material of the Gylfaginning some beautiful myths and stories about the gods are being told here. The is dedicated to the various metres used by skaldic poets. Snorri illustrates the material with examples from the skalds, and with a long poem of his own. A couple of years ago I made a translation into Dutch of the Prologue and the Gylfaginning from the Old-Icelandic text. It may be used and distributed freely as long as it is for non-commercial purposes only.

4. The Writing Of Snorri Sturluson Snorri Sturluson wrote quite a few books when he lived (1179?1241),and his works are still well known in this country and abroad. http://www.fva.is/~harpa/forn/english/e_snorri/e_rit/e_rit.html

The writing of Snorri Sturluson Snorri Sturluson wrote quite a few books when he lived (1179-1241), and his works are still well known in this country and abroad. The most famous of them are Heimskringla and Snorra Edda , the latter written in 1220-1230. Plus them he wrote Olaf's saga helga the special and he is also thought to have written Egils saga (Egla), which was written early in the 13th century in Borgarfjoerdur. Egils saga does exist in many scripts from the 13th century, but in 1782 it appeared in print. Olaf's saga helga does exist in a special version and it is also to be found in one of three volumes of Heimskringla, plus other ancient stories of kings.

5. Snorri Sturluson (Nordic Author Biographies) About us. Comments? Sturluson, Snorri (1179?1241), writer, Iceland. http://www.lysator.liu.se/nordic/authors/snorre.html

The home pages for the Usenet newsgroup soc.culture.nordic [ This page was initially edited in a version suitable to get printed [ Check if Lysator's faster www-server is up and running? ] English biographies over Nordic authors Snorri Sturluson Project Runeberg Nordic literature on the Internet since 1992. Nordic Authors Snorri Sturluson See also: Reference Biography and Genealogy Home Catalog ... Comments? Sturluson, Snorri (1179-1241) , writer, Iceland. Read more about Snorri Sturluson in: Nationalencyklopedin (sökning) Projekt Runebergs wiki Susning.nu Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: Dansk Deutsch English Français ... Svenska Snorri Sturluson is the author of the prosaic Edda , which is a text book for poetry students (not to be confused with the poetic Edda, Edda Saemundar ), and of Heimskringla , the history of Norse kings. The Online Medieval and Classic Library (OMACL) at the Berkeley SunSite has published Heimskringla (aka "The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway") , by Snorri Sturluson (Translation: Samuel Laing Snorri Sturluson presented in English by Kuusankoski Public Library in Finland. (OMACL) has published an English translation of Snorre's Heimskringla or The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway For more information about the two Eddas, see the

6. NetSERF: Literature: Works By Author: Sturlson, Snorri (1179-1241) Home Literature Works by Author Sturlson, Snorri (1179?1241). 1225 AD, by the poetand historian Snorri Sturluson. Note by saga URL http//sunsite.berkeley http://www.netserf.org/Literature/Authors/Sturlson/

Search NetSERF NetSERF Features Medieval Glossary PDA Version Advanced Search ... Suggest a Site Top Medieval Sites ORB Internet Medieval Sourcebook Labyrinth ARGOS Search Engine Click here to find great medieval books for sale. Home Literature Works by Author : Sturlson, Snorri (1179-1241) Heimskringla : (The Chronicle of the Kings of Norway) by Snorri Sturlson "Originally written in Old Norse, app. 1225 A.D., by the poet and historian Snorri Sturluson." Note: by saga URL: http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Heimskringla/ Revised: 20 June 2000 Total Clicks: Last Click: 31 March 2003 Return to the Top of the Page In Association with Home Any questions or comments, write to: Beau A.C. Harbin - bharbin@netserf.org All contents located in http://www.netserf.org, http://netserf.cua.edu or http://www.acad.cua.edu/netserf/

7. Snorri Sturluson - Wikipedia Snorri Sturluson. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Snorri Sturluson 1179?1241.Snorri Sturluson was an Icelandic historian, poet and politician. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson

8. Snorri Sturluson - Wikipedia Snorri Sturluson. (Redirected from Snorri Sturlusson). Snorri Sturluson 1179?1241.Snorri Sturluson was an Icelandic historian, poet and politician. http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snorri_Sturlusson

9. A Bronze Of Snorri Sturluson A bronze of Snorri Sturluson (1179?1241). A bronze of Snorri Sturlusonlocated at the site of his farm near Reykholt. Sturluson was http://www.casdn.neu.edu/~geology/department/staff/colgan/iceland/husafell/55637

A bronze of Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241) A bronze of Snorri Sturluson located at the site of his farm near Reykholt. Sturluson was a great political figure, historian, poet, and saga-writer. photo: P.M. Colgan, September 2, 1997 Back to Husafell

10. Snorri Sturluson Snorri Sturluson 1179?1241 Life · His Edda as the clearest and most appealing versionof Germanic mythology to the modern reader · Born into a wealthy family http://www.public.asu.edu/~atrja/snorri.html

Snorri Sturluson 1179-1241 Life · His Edda as the clearest and most appealing version of Germanic mythology to the modern reader · Born into a wealthy family, the Sturlungar who gave their name to this turbulent age. · Grew up at Oddi as the foster son of the most powerful man in Iceland. · A godi or chieftain-priest · Twice held office of Lawspeaker, the highest title · Deeply involved in politics until his assassination by enemies claiming to be working on behalf of the King of Norway. Works · Háttamal as poem in praise of boy king of Norway, Skuli, during a visit to King Hákon Hákonarson the Old in 1218-1219. Deals with metre, style, kennings and some of the important myths that underlie the kennings. Important source of information for anyone wanting to become a skaldic poet. Uses the master-disciple dialogue form common to many didactic medieval texts. · Gylfaginning with Gylfi as a pre-historic Swedish king comes to Ásgard disguised as the old man Gangleri to find out if all goes according to the will of the æsir because of their nature or because of their gods. He is wise and knows magic but the gods foresee his arrival and prepare some visual delusions for him. Questions by Gylfi are answered by Hár (High), Jafnhár (Just as High) and Thridi (Third), all names for Odin or they could just be the other gods. Issues: supreme deity, creation of the cosmos, identity of the gods and goddesses along with some myths attached to them and finally Ragnarök. Sources: Völuspá, Vaftthrúdnismál, Grímnismál as well as other sources, perhaps oral, that have not made it. Name Edda: possibly from Latin edere meaning to compose. First and foremost a handbook for aspiring poets even if now it is far more famous as an explication of mythology. Warning to young poets about the non-Christian content. · Euhemerism: named after the Greek philospher Euhemeros (ca. 300 B.C.E.) who claimed that Zeus was an actual human being who had been deified. Snorri sees Thor, for example, as the son of King Múnón or Mennón who was married to Tróan, daughter of King Priam of Troy, a historical figure. Tror or Thor became King of Loricus in Thrace, married Síbil or Sif and 18 generations later Vóden or Odin was born. Odin then travels with his followers to Saxony where he makes Balder King of Westphalia, then to Jutland where he establishes the Skjöldungar as kings of Denmark. He settles in Sigtuna on Lake Málaren south of Uppsala and establishes his son Sæming as King of Norway and Yngvi as king of Sweden after him. Æsir = men of Asia. · Heimskringla: a history of the kings of Norway from Odin to 1184. Contains some interesting mythological data: Vanir come from Vanaheim on the Don River in Russia. The Æsir lived to the east of Vanaheim. The most complete account of the war between the aesir and the vanir. Odin stops in Odense on his way north. Good description of Odin who is presented as a charismatic version of the Sámi shamans who practised seid. Info on funeral customs, sacrificial rituals etc.

11. Vikings & Their Gods - Snorri Sturluson Snorri Sturluson (1179?1241), Icelandic historian, poet, and political figure,who ranks among the foremost chroniclers of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. http://www.angelfire.com/realm/shades/vikings/snorris.htm

Index Shades Index Vikings Sources Guestbook Snorri Sturluson Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241), Icelandic historian, poet, and political figure, who ranks among the foremost chroniclers of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Snorri was born at Hvammur in western Iceland, the son of a powerful chieftain, but grew up at Oddi, a prominent seat of culture in the south. He became learned in law and literature, made a profitable marriage, and settled into a comfortable life on his estate at Reykholt. Active in politics, he was three times elected law-speaker of the Icelandic commonwealth, the highest office in the land, in effect the presidency of the legislature, known as the Althing. Caught up in the violent power struggles and political intrigues of his time, not only in Iceland but also in Norway, he incurred the wrath of the Norwegian king, Håkon IV (the Old), who was trying to exploit the divisive Icelandic politics to win control of the country. Snorri was killed at Håkon's instigation.

12. HistoryCenter.net Sinan, 14891580, Architect. Sir Francis Bacon, 1561-1626, Philosopher. Snorri Sturluson,1179?-1241, Historian. Somadeva, 1035-1085, Poet. Tannhaeuser, c.1208-c.1275, Poet. http://www.historycenter.net/culture2.asp

Name Time Line Contribution Al Katib Scholar Albertus Magnus c.1193-1280 Philosopher Albrecht Durer Painter Ari Historian Boccaccio Author Brahmin Ramanuja Theologian Dante Alighieri Poet Donatello Sculptor El Greco Painter Erasmus Scholar Filippo Brunelleschi Masterbuilder Francois Villon Poet Geoffrey Chaucer c.1342-1400 Author Giordano Bruno Philosopher Giotto di Bondone c.1266-1337 Painter Hafiz c.1325-1389 Poet Heinrich Schuetz Composer Hildegarde Anchoress Ibn Khaldun Historian Ibn Rasd Scholar Jan van Eyck c.1389-1441 Painter Johannes Eckhart Theologian Josetsu Painter Leon Battista Alberti Architect Leonardo da Vinci Genius Lope de Vega Dramatist Michelangelo Buonarroti Sculptor Miguel de Cervantes Author Niccolo Machiavelli Philosopher Nicola Pisano c.1213-c.1280 Sculptor Peter Paul Rubens Painter Petrarca Poet Raphael Painter Rublev c.1365-c.1430 Painter Shaikh Muslih-al Din Sadi c.1215-1291 Poet Sinan Architect Sir Francis Bacon Philosopher Snorri Sturluson Historian Somadeva Poet Tannhaeuser c.1208-c.1275 Poet Titian c.1477-1576 Painter Toba Sojo c.1053-1140

13. Snorri Sturluson — L'Edda En Prose Translate this page L'œuvre connue sous le nom d'Edda en Prose (également Jeune Edda ou Edda de Snorri)est une collection de textes attribués à Snorri Sturluson (1179?-1241). http://www.anyadrish.net/textes/borealia/eddaenprose/

Snorri Sturluson L'Edda en Prose Sommaire Introduction Prologue Gylfaginning (La duperie de Gylfi) ... Skaldskaparmal Edda en Prose Jeune Edda ou Edda de Snorri Codex Regius , cote Gl.kgl.sml. 2367 4to de la collection de la Codex Regius Codex Wormianus , cote AM 242 fol. de la collection de la Codex Trajectinus , cote de la collection de la Codex Upsaliensis , cote De la Gardie 11 de la collection de la Codex Regius AM 748 II 4to Codex Upsaliensis ) et disponible sur le site web du Foreningen Forn Sed anyadrish.net/textes webmaster@anyadrish.net

14. Legends - Sagas And Sea-Kings The Younger or Prose Edda (Snorra Edda)was written by Snorri Sturluson(1179?1241) around 1230. Its two parts are Gylfaginning, an http://www.legends.dm.net/sagas/northern.html

Sagas Sea-Kings Sigurd the Volsung The Northern World Vikings I n the dawn of time there was a great void in the centre of the world. This abyss was Ginnunga-gap, and was cloaked in perpetual twilight. To its north was the realm of Nifl-heim - the source of mist and darkness, and also an eternal spring from which all other rivers flowed ... In the Beginning The Northern World The Eddas . The great corpus of Scandinavian mythology is contained in the two volumes called the Eddas. The Elder or Poetic Edda as we know it was compiled in the thirteenth century in Iceland, but some of its tales (at least) date back to the period of the early German migrations. The Poetic Edda is also known as The Younger or Prose Edda (Snorra Edda) was written by Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241) around 1230. Its two parts are Gylfaginning , an introduction Norse myths for poets, and Skaldskaparmal , a history of poetry. The Sagas . Sagas are prose tales of kings, warriors, poets, and explorers; some are historical chronicles, some are pure fiction, and some (in the way of much medieval literature) partake of both fact and fiction. The sagas are without doubt Iceland's most important contribution to world literature. They are medieval prose narrative, abounding in paradox and iron. Violence is abundant, but the style is subdued. Heroism is praised, but moderation is more highly prized. Much is said of fate, but the complex characters seem to control their own destinies. The world of the saga is pagan, but its sentiment is humanitarian. [Antti Lahelma

15. Summer Solstice In Iceland : In The Saga Country We next visited a number of the sights connected to the greatest figure in Icelandichistory, Snorri Sturluson (1179?1241), a chieftain and scholar/poet who http://www.octavia.net/vikings/sagacountry.htm

Summer Solstice in Iceland By Octavia Randolph, 2002 Photographs by Jonathan Gilman In the Saga Country – Sunday 23 June th century character who was not only brutally violent but a tremendously gifted poet, laid his beloved son, in the burial mound in which his own father lay. The son of a berserker, Egill killed his first victim in a dispute over a ball game when he was only eight years old, an act which led his mother to fortell a rich and interesting career as a Viking ahead of him. He is the central character in Egills Saga, one of the most important and entertaining of all Sagas, thought to have been composed by his descendant the great Snorri Sturluson Click image to enlarge: Three views of the monument honouring poet and warrior Click image to enlarge: T he outlines of Eirik the Red's turf farmhouse in Haukadal. It had a central fire pit and a ledge for seating. The walls were of cut, stacked turf on a rock foundation and were about 1.5 m or 5 feet thick. It was likely occupied for only ten or twenty years. The recreation of Eirik's farmhouse, about 100 m away from the site of the original, with the same view of the narrow river before it. Costumed interpreters greet visitors and tell of 10 th century Icelandic life. Two views across the narrow valley from Eirik's homestead.

16. Reyksnen.htm The heritage of Iceland's greatest medieval writer, poet, scholar and statesman,Snorri Sturluson (1179?1241), is rooted in Reykholt in the west of Iceland. http://www.snorrastofa.is/enska/reyksnen.htm

Reykholt and Snorri Sturluson A statue of Snorri Sturluson, by the famous Norwegian sculptor Gustav Vigeland, is located near the entrance of the old district school at Reykholt. The Norwegians donated the statue to the Icelandic nation in 1947 when Olaf Hakansson, then Crown prince of Norway, visited Reykholt. The Deed of the Church of Reykholt (Reykjaholtsmaldagi) was compiled by a number of authors over a long period of time, the first of which is thought by many to be from the middle of the 12th century. Snorri is among those who are mentioned as donors to the church: " Magnus [the priest at Reykholt] and Snorri give the shrine with relics that stands on the altar, each giving half, and it is church property in addition to that which has previously been listed. The church owns, in addition to the bells which Snorri and Hallveig donated to the estate... " It has been suggested that Snorri wrote this part of the deed himslef. (The deed is kept at the National Archives) The heritage of Iceland's greatest medieval writer, poet, scholar and statesman, Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241), is rooted in Reykholt in the west of Iceland. It is one of Iceland's main historic sites, a cultural centre of past and present. This famous tourist attraction was his residence for nearly all his working life, i.e. from 1206 to his death. It was in Reykholt that Snorri made all his literary achievements, when he wrote the sagas about the Norwegian kings in Heimskringla, the Poetic Edda, which teaches poetics and Nordic mythology, and most probably one of the greatest family sagas, Egils saga Skalla-Grimssonar.

17. The Prose Edda THE AUTHOR (back to top) Iceland's most versatile literary genius, Snorri Sturluson(1179?1241) was born in western Iceland, the son of a great chieftain. http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/1086.html

Entire Site Books Journals E-Editions The Press Snorri Sturluson The Prose Edda Tales from Norse Mythology Translated by Jean I. Young. Publication Date: April 2002 Subjects: Anthropology European Literature Rights: World Paperback Available Now Description About the Author DESCRIPTION (back to top) Prose Edda is a work without predecessor or parallel. Snorri Sturluson feared that the traditional techniques of Norse poetics, the pagan kennings, and the allusions to mythology would be forgotten with the introduction of new verse forms from Europe. Prose Edda was designed as a handbook for poets to compose in the style of the skalds of the Viking ages. It is an exposition of the rule of poetic diction with many examples, applications, and retellings of myths and legends. The present selection includes the whole of Gylfaginning (The deluding of Gylfi)a guide to mythology that forms one of the great storybooks of the Middle Agesand the longer heroic tales and legends of (Poetic diction). Snorri Sturluson was a master storyteller, and this translation in modern idiom of the inimitable tales of the gods and heroes of the Scandinavian peoples brings them to life again. ABOUT THE AUTHOR (back to top) Iceland's most versatile literary genius

18. Edda Islandorum An. Chr. MCCXV Islandice Conscripta Per Snorronem Sturlae Island Very rare first edition together with Latin and Danish translations by PierreResenius of the famous Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson (1179?1241). http://www.worldbookdealers.com/books/forum/0000171400/bk0000171414.asp

Visit WorldPrintDealers Welcome to WorldBookDealers Sign in Register You have 0 items in your Shopping Basket Your Wishes Your Account Dealer For more information on Antiquariaat Forum , click here Summary Author: STURLUSON, Snorri. Title: Edda Islandorum an. chr. MCCXV Islandice conscripta per Snorronem Sturlae Islandiae. nomophylacem nunc rimum Islandice Danice et Latine ex antiquis codicibus m. ss Bibliothecae regis et aliorum in lucem prodit opera et studio Petri Johannis Resenii I.V.D. Publication: Price: (Approx $ 20,010) Reference No: Book Description (4), 52, 138, 22, 14 lvs. 4to. Contemporary marbled calf spine gilt in compartments with flower ornaments and crowned monograms, double fillet borders with gilt coat-of-arms in the centre of both covers. Good copy, with an interesting provenance.- (Some foxing and browning). Need a paper copy? Use the Printable Version Send this to someone else email a friend Comments or Suggestions? Write to us at feedback@WorldBookDealers.com Produced by the OTHER media

19. Norse Mythology by Tacitus and Caesar, most of what we know of Norse mythology comes from Christiantimes, beginning with the Prose Edda of Snorri Sturluson (c.1179?1241). http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa081799.htm

zfp=-1 About History Ancient/Classical History Search in this topic on About on the Web in Products Web Hosting in partnership with Ancient/Classical History with N.S. Gill Your Guide to one of hundreds of sites Home Articles Forums ... Help zmhp('style="color:#fff"') This Week's Articles tod('tih'); Today in History Daily Quiz tod('pod'); Picture of the Day Special Subscription Offers Subscribe Now Choose One: Subscribe Customer Service Subjects A to Z COLOSSEUM Cleopatra Pictures WEAPONS WARFARE ... All articles on this topic Stay up-to-date! Subscribe to our newsletter. Advertising Free Credit Report Free Psychics Advertisement Norse Mythology Part I: The Gods An article by N.S. Gill , Ancient/Classical History Guide Related Resources Individual Norse Gods and Goddesses Norse Mythology Elsewhere on the Web Creation Myth Essay on the creation myth as told by Snorri Sturluson. List of Norse Beings Includes alternate names and some extensive descriptions. Ravenbok Site devoted to the ancient religious practices embodied in Norse mythology. Germanic Religion: Introduction Contributions to the study of Germanic mythology made by Jakob Grimm, Karl Mullenhof, Max Muller, Adalbert Kuhn, Wilhelm Mannhardt, the British school, Jan de Vries, and Georges Dumezil. Sources - Norse Mythology Ten item bibliography.

20. Iceland - Coat Of Arms The supporters refer to the guardians of Iceland that are mentioned in a passagein Heimskringla (Lives of the Kings) by Snorri Sturluson (1179?1241). http://fotw.vexillum.com/flags/is-coa.html

Iceland - Coat of Arms Island Last modified: by rob raeside Keywords: iceland crown coat of arms Links: FOTW homepage search write us mirrors by Jan Oskar Engene , from Hermansson (1991) National coat of arms 1919 coat of arms The Icelandic crown See also: Iceland Historic flags of Iceland Governmental flags of Iceland Royal flags of Iceland National Coat of Arms The Icelandic coat of arms is a shield with a silvery cross in a sky-blue field with a fiery red cross in the middle of the silvery cross. The arms of the crosses shall extend entirely to the edges of the shield in all four directions. The width of the silvery cross shall be 2/9, and that of the red cross 1/9, of the width of the shield. The two upper blue rectangles shall be equilateral, but the lower ones shall be one third longer, and equally wide. The blue and the red colours are the same as in the national flag. Courtesy of the Office of the Prime Minister of Iceland The coat of arms appears on the flag of the president 1919 Coat of Arms by Jan Oskar Engene , from Hermansson (1991) On 1 December 1918 Iceland became a sovereign and independent Kingdom in personal union with Denmark under a common king. The establishment of Iceland as an independent kingdom had consequences for the national symbols of the country: the coat of arms and the set of national flags. The first coat of arms (1919), illustrated by

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