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         Space Mission Tracking:     more detail
  1. Tracking and Data System Support for the Viking 1975 Mission to Mars: Prelaunch Planning, Implementation, and Testing (Technical Memorandum 33-783. Volume I) by D. J.; Traxler, M. R.; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mudgway, 1977-01-01
  2. SpaceOps 92 proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Ground Data Systems for Space Mission Operations, November 16-20, 1992, Pasadena, California, USA (SuDoc NAS 1.55:194486) by NASA, 1993
  3. Research in software allocation for advanced manned mission communications and tracking systems final report (SuDoc NAS 1.26:188114) by Tom Warnagiris, 1990
  4. Continuous prediction of spartan visibility from orbiter over modeled free-flight mission (NASA technical memorandum) by Joseph C King, 1987
  5. An orbit simulation study of a geopotential research mission including satellite-to-satellite tracking and disturbance compensation systems (SuDoc NAS 1.26:182353) by Peter G. Antreasian, 1988
  6. Debris/Ice/TPS assessment and integrated photographic analysis of shuttle mission STS-77 (SuDoc NAS 1.15:111679) by Gregory N. Katnik, 1996
  7. Network operations support plan for the SPOT 2 mission by Victor Werbitzky, 1989

41. AMOS Air Force Research Laboratory, Detachment 15
Currently, through its primary mission for Air Force Command, the Maui space SurveillanceSystem combines largeaperture tracking optics with visible and
http://www.maui.afmc.af.mil/AMOS/mission.html
Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)
The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) operating location on Maui has a two-fold mission. First, it conducts the research and development mission on the Maui Space Surveillance System (MSSS) at the Maui Space Surveillance Complex (MSSC). Second, it oversees operation of the Maui High Performance Computing Center (MHPCC). AFRL's research and development mission on Maui was formally called AMOS; the use of the term AMOS has been widespread throughout the technical community for over thirty years and is still used today at many technical conferences.
Maui Space Surveillance System (MSSS)
The accessibility and capability of the Maui Space Surveillance System provides an unequaled opportunity to the scientific community by combining state-of-the-art satellite tracking with a facility supporting research and development.
The Maui Space Surveillance System, also known as AMOS by the scientific community, is routinely involved in numerous observing programs and has the capability of projecting lasers into the atmosphere, which is unusual at astronomical sites.
Ideal Viewing Environment
Virtually year-round viewing conditions are possible due to the relatively stable climate. Dry, clean air and minimal scattered light from surface sources enable visibility exceeding 150 km. Based on double star observations, seeing is typically on the order of one arc second.

42. Howstuffworks "How Space Shuttles Work"
Talking with the Ground NASA's mission Control in Houston will relay the signals toa pair of tracking and Data will relay the signals to the the space shuttle
http://science.howstuffworks.com/space-shuttle7.htm
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How Space Shuttles Work
by Craig Freudenrich, Ph.D.
Introduction to How Space Shuttles Work

A Brief History of the Space Shuttle

Getting Into Orbit
... Shop or Compare Prices Communications and Tracking You must be able to talk with flight controllers on the ground daily for the routine operation of the mission. In addition, you must be able to communicate with each other inside the orbiter or its payload modules and when conducting spacewalks outside. Talking with the Ground NASA's Mission Control in Houston will send signals to a 60 ft radio antenna at White Sands Test Facility in New Mexico. White Sands will relay the signals to a pair of Tracking and Data Relay satellites in orbit 22,300 miles above the Earth. The satellites will relay the signals to the the space shuttle. The system works in reverse as well. The orbiter has two systems for communicating with the ground:
  • S-band - voice, commands, telemetry and data files

43. Cassini-Mission To Saturn-Operations-Navigation-Tracking Data
to travel through the cable from the computer in the Deep space Network (DSN The DSNfinds that value while calibrating the system prior to each tracking period
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/operations/nav.cfm
@import url( "../cassini-l2.css" ); Introduction First Things First Launch Mission Control ... Tracking Data Cassini-Huygens Spacecraft
How do you keep track of an object that's been hurled away from Earth to travel for years throughout the solar system? How do you know where it is, and how fast it's traveling? The uplink and the downlink work together to solve these problems. Uplink uses powerful radio transmitters, and downlink uses sensitive receivers, both within the Deep Space Network (DSN). Cassini-Huygens can only be tracked because it carries a radio transmitter that sends signals to Earth. (This is true with all other interplanetary spacecraft as well.) The transmitter aboard Cassini is linked with its own radio receiver, so that they can both work together when needed. The two main types of tracking data that are used with Cassini are ranging and the Doppler effect . Using these two data types, the navigators can accurately track the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft. Ranging Ranging determines the distance (range) from Earth to the spacecraft and back, by placing specially coded signals (called ranging tones) on the radio uplink, and recording the exact time as they go up. When the spacecraft receives them, it puts them on the downlink right away. When they come back to Earth, the exact time is noted again. So basically, the ranging computer knows what time it sent the tones, and it knows what time they came back.

44. HALOE Tracking Ozone Loss From Space
HALOE tracking Ozone Loss From space. As part of NASA's mission to Planet Earthprogram to the health of the Earth's environment from space, UARS carries 10
http://oea.larc.nasa.gov/PAIS/HALOE-Ozone.html
FS-1996-08-13-LaRC August 1996
HALOE: Tracking Ozone Loss From Space
NASA Langley Research Center's Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) has been returning critical data about the Earth's ozone layer since it was launched on NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) in 1991. As part of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth program to monitor the health of the Earth's environment from space, UARS carries 10 instruments for studying the chemistry and dynamics of the upper atmosphere (15 to 120 km above the surface of the Earth). HALOE's job is to measure global ozone as well as the chemicals involved in its destruction. Since the discovery in 1985 of the so-called ozone "hole" - a seasonal loss of ozone in the stratosphere over Antarctica - the world's attention has been drawn to this urgent environmental problem. Because the ozone layer protects life on Earth from the harmful effects of the sun's ultraviolet radiation, it is important to determine the causes and mechanisms of ozone loss, as well as the likelihood that populated regions of the world will be affected.
Ozone Destruction
Ozone in the stratosphere is destroyed when it combines with chlorine, forming oxygen and chlorine monoxide. A single chlorine molecule can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules in its lifetime. Most chlorine comes from the decay of human-made compounds known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs came into wide use in the 1950s as refrigerants, blowing agents for creating foam insulation, and as industrial cleaning agents.

45. STS-98 Shuttle Press Kit
way communications with the ISS and the mission Control Center via the tracking andData centerpiece of research on the International space Station, the
http://www.shuttlepresskit.com/STS-98/
Shuttle Press Kit
    Mission Overview Flight Plan Experiments DTO/DSO/RME ...
    Download
    the STS-98 Acronym List in PDF ( 84.9 KB)
    Download
    the STS-98 Press Kit in PDF format for printing ( 2.8 MB)
    Requires Adobe Reader
    Atlantis OV104
    Launch: Wednesday, February 07, 2001
    6:13 PM (eastern time) Mission Objectives Overview
    The primary objective of STS-98, International Space Station Assembly Mission 5A, is to deliver and install the U.S. Destiny Laboratory onto the ISS. The centerpiece of research on this world-class scientific orbiting outpost, this workshop in space will support experiments and studies in cancer, diabetes and materials, just to name a few.
    The aluminum U.S. laboratory module is 28 feet long and 14 feet wide. It is comprised of three cylindrical sections and two endcones that contain the hatch openings through which astronauts will enter and exit the module. Destiny will be mated to the forward port of Unity.
    In Destiny are five systems racks that will provide life-sustaining functions on board including electrical power, cooling water, air revitalization, and temperature and humidity control. Each rack weighs about 1,200 pounds. Six additional racks will be flown to Destiny on STS-102. Four standoffs provide raceways for module utilities—interfaces for ducting, piping, and wiring to be run to/from the individual racks and throughout the Lab. Twelve racks that will provide platforms for a variety of scientific experiments will follow on subsequent missions. In total, Destiny will hold 23 racks – six each on the port and starboard sides and overhead, and five on the deck.

46. The Hipparcos Space Astrometry Mission: Observations Of The Hipparcos Satellite
The easiest place to learn more about satellite observing and how to obtain orbitalelements, tracking software, information on the SeeSat visual satelite
http://astro.estec.esa.nl/Hipparcos/hipsat.html
The Hipparcos Satellite
Where is it now?

[The following is a contribution from Jason Hatton, regarding observations, not BY Hipparcos but OF Hipparcos! Jason is an amateur astronomer who contributes satellite flash measurements to the programme of the Belgian Working Group on Satellites of the Belgian Astronomical Society. These data are used to determine the torques acting on inert spacecraft and upper stages in order to understand the mechanisms of changing spin rates. For further information on observing satellites see the Visual Satellite Observers Home Page (VSOHP) Jason's contribution:
September 1998 You may be interested in a recent telescopic observation I made of the Hipparcos spacecraft which indicates it is rapidly tumbling. I am an amateur astronomer and regularly visually observe various high altitude satellites in GTO and GEO orbits using a 6-inch newtonian reflector. I had tried observing Hipparcos on a number of occasions, but in each case it was invisible. However, on the 12/7/98 at between 22:25UT and 22:32UT I observed sharp (ie. very short), regular flashes off Hipparcos which were as bright as mag+8. The flash period was a regular 8.41s. At the time of the observation the satellite was at a range of approximately 37,000km:
20169 Hipparcos 89 62B 15 M 5.0 ELDY 14 M2 -1 Hrs Min Alt Azi Mag Hgt R A Dec Range 22 25 23 209 13.5 34330 16 29.7 -13.8 37757 22 35 23 210 13.5 34730 16 35.1 -13.6 38181

47. Telesat
Telesat's Telemetry, tracking Control (TT C) facilities in Since 1985, Telesat'stransfer orbit mission team has been provided to Boeing, space Systems/Loral
http://www.telesat.ca/eng/international_operations.htm
Telesat's satellite operating ingenuity is recognized the world over. The Company has received numerous awards for its world-class operating abilities and continues to receive industry accolades. Past awards include:
  • The 1998 Industry Innovator Award (SSPI);
  • The 1992 Space Mission Recovery Prize (La Réunion Spatiale.)
Telesat's award winning satellite operating services are available to operators who wish to contract with a reliable satellite operator and thus avoid the costly investment in ground infrastructure. The satellite operating services available from Telesat include:
Satellite Operating Services
Telesat has successfully operated the Anik satellites, including spin- and three-axis stabilized types, since 1972. The Company has simultaneously managed multiple satellites and satellite generations, including satellites in normal operating assignments, collocated satellites, inclined-orbit satellites and satellites in storage orbits. Over the years, Telesat has been active in providing operations support to other satellite operators who wanted to minimize the investment in satellite control equipment and staff. Operations support can consist of full-up satellite control support and/or emergency back-up services. Such services have been provided to:

48. CUBESAT RAFT
PRIMARY space tracking mission CUBEsatRAFT will have both a receiverand a transmitter for the NAVSPASUR radar system. Its receiver
http://web.usna.navy.mil/~bruninga/craft.html
CUBEsat-RAFT Satellite Project
US Naval Academy Satellite Lab, Bob Bruninga, WB4APR
CUBEsat-RAFT is a potential US Naval Academy Aerospace student project designed to give students real hands on experience in satellite design and operations. The USNA CUBEsat-RAFT will accomplish these objectives:
  • The obvious education of Midhsipmen in Aerospace Engineering
  • Development of our ability to design/construct CUBESAT type spacecraft
  • Provide a 217 MHz transmitter and receiver for NAVSPASUR Radar Fence experiments.
  • Provide a Narrowband PSK transponder for communications experiments in the Amateur Satellite Service.
  • Provide other communications experiments (such as a Navy-MARS Satellite) that can fit within the small power budget. CUBESATS: Cubesats are a concept pioneered by Bob Twiggs at Stanford University as a means to provide low cost satellite launches for student and other low cost space experiments. All cubesats are the same 4" cube in size and are launched 3 at a time from simple standard launchers called P-PODS. Thus as many as a dozen or more may be launched on a single launch vehicle. Link to Stanford CUBESATS or see DOD's MEPSI , and Others DOD Interest: The DOD interest in this project is its requirement to TRACK all space objects and the difficulty it will have in tracking these 4" cubesat clusters due to their large numbers and small size which is below their routine tracking ability. CUBESAT-RAFT was presented to the Navy and then the DOD Space Experiments Review Board in the fall of 2002 and was approved for consideration for a future DOD launch.
  • 49. Space News
    be used to transmit and receive data from other space missions sent Stardust, whichis a NASA JPL mission, was selected for the tracking tests because
    http://www3.cosmiverse.com/news/space/space06240202.html

    50. Eyeballing The Kennedy Space Center
    No communication and tracking information were received in mission Control after locatedin the area that may be related to the space Shuttle contingency
    http://cryptome.org/ksc-eyeball.htm
    2 February 2003. These satellite photos appear to show the Shuttle and some other launch pads and support areas have high-security perimeter fencing which usually indicates classified military and intelligence operations (locations annotated below).This type of high-security fencing doubled, running in straight segments (probably with motion sensors in the strands and in the ground between fences), guard roads adjoining, with limited access points can be seen, for example, at nuclear weapons storage areas (NWSAs) and the President's helicopter station Classified payloads are loaded in the satellite as assembled, at the Vehicle Assembly Building or at the launching pads. US astronauts have top secret code word clearance; their foreign colleagues have their own overt and covert classified missions. The foreign guests are high-security compartmented and surveilled by the host, and vice versa, not only during the mission. 1 February 2003 http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/shuttle/countdown/sts107/landing.htm February 1, 2003: Update for 11:22 a.m. EST: NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe will hold a press briefing from Kennedy Space Center at 1 p.m. EST. It will be broadcast on NASA TV A Space Shuttle contingency has been declared in Mission Control, Houston, as a result of the loss of communication with the Space Shuttle Columbia at approximately 9 a.m. EST Saturday as it descended toward a landing at the Kennedy Space Center, Fla. It was scheduled to touchdown at 9:16 a.m. EST.

    51. Spacelink - Tracking And Data Relay Satellite System
    TDRSS Fact Sheet NASA's space tracking system has significantly presskit, fact sheet,launch and mission information tracking and Data Relay Satellite-I (TDRS
    http://spacelink.nasa.gov/Instructional.Materials/Curriculum.Support/Space.Scien
    Library Contents:
    Other Features:
    Where am I? NASA Spacelink Home The Library Instructional Materials Curriculum Support ... Satellites Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
    Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
    Serving the space community since 1983, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) marked the beginning of a new era in spacecraft tracking and communications. The TDRSS consist of a constellation of tracking and data relay satellites along with ground support facilities.
    [Some of these links will take you out of NASA Spacelink. To return, use the Back button on your browser or bookmark this page for later reference.] Tracking and Data Relay Project - This website provides an overview and current information about the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). TDRSS Fact Sheet - NASA's space tracking system has significantly enhanced data communications capability. The system's implementation in the late 1980s is a constellation of satellites and a ground terminal, called the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). This system achieves the highest amount of coverage ever for Earth-orbiting satellites. NOTICE: This document is in PDF format and requires the Adobe Acrobat reader software Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-H (TDRS-H) - TDRS-H launched June 30, 2000 at 8:56 a.m. EDT aboard an Atlas IIA rocket. This website has the presskit, fact sheet, launch and mission information.

    52. Spacelink - Hubble Space Telescope
    You can help unmuddle the mission by putting Science Photo Gallery - From the NationalSpace Science Data J-Track tracking System - Use your Web browser to
    http://spacelink.nasa.gov/NASA.Projects/Space.Science/Universe/Hubble.Space.Tele
    Library Contents:
    Other Features:
    Where am I? NASA Spacelink Home The Library NASA Projects Space Science ... Origins Hubble Space Telescope
    Hubble Space Telescope
    Learn about this Space Observatory and the amazing discoveries it has uncovered about our universe. Launched from the Space Shuttle and controlled by investigators from the ground, Hubble views space from Earth's orbit.
    [Some of these links will take you out of NASA Spacelink. To return, use the Back button on your browser or bookmark this page for later reference.] Hubble Space Telescope - This is the official website for NASA's Hubble Space Telescope project office which is located at Goddard Space Flight Center. Space Telescope Science Institute - Is the astronomical research center responsible for conducting and coordinating the science operations of the Hubble Space Telescope as an international observatory. Items of interest to educators and students at this site: Hubble Heritage Project - Take a peek over the shoulders of astronomers who use the Hubble Space Telescope to study the heavens. Hubble Images by Subject - Here you will find a collection of Hubble Space Telescope images and detailed descriptions arranged by subject. A few of the subjects you will find are stars, nebulae, quasars, galaxies, novae, supernovae, planets, and most recent public images.

    53. Space Based Infrared
    The first mission area, spacebased surveillance of space, includes the surveillancefrom space of resident space objects, detecting and tracking objects
    http://www.vs.afrl.af.mil/CentersX/Infrared/
    The Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL's) Space Vehicles Directorate combined three of its most important mission technologies into one Infrared (IR) Technologies Center of Excellence (CoE). Consisting of a cluster of related technologies recognized as having both technical excellence and importance to the directorate's mission, this CoE was created to nurture and mature these critical technologies, including backgrounds for space-based IR sensors, strategic IR focal plane detector arrays, and space-based cryogenic coolers. The vision of this CoE is to enable effective and affordable space-based surveillance of space that directly supports one of the directorate's two principal thrusts of space surveillance and protection. While the focus of the CoE involves the space-based surveillance of space, technologies developed in the CoE have application in other areas of surveillance. Examples include space-based cryogenic cooling technologies, which were developed for space-based surveillance, but could also have "spin-off" application in ground-based space surveillance, in particular for FPAs for hyper-spectral imaging. Similarly, FPAs for detectors developed in the CoE are also used in ground and space applications, but the space based-space surveillance requires the highest degree of technology development. Background models developed to support space-based surveillance also support the design of systems for detection and tracking of missiles from aircraft.

    54. Space-Based Infrared System
    mission Budget (U) The purpose of the space Based InfraRed ballistic missile launches,and provide critical midcourse tracking and discrimination
    http://www.sbirslowteam.com/mission.html
  • Homepage
    About

    SBIRS - Low

    SBIRS - High
    ...
    Contact Us

  • Links:
    Polyphonic Ringtones

    (U) The purpose of the Space Based InfraRed System (SBIRS) program is to develop a system which replaces the existing Defense Support Program (DSP) system and meets the requirements stated in the USSPACECOM Capstone Requirements Document (CRD). The systems's missions are Missile Warning, Missile Defense, Technical Intelligence and Battlespace Characterization. SBIRS will incorporate new technologies that would enhance detection, provide direct reporting of ICBM/SLBM and tactical ballistic missile launches, and provide critical mid-course tracking and discrimination data for national and theater missile defense. The integrated system architecture consists of sensors located in Geosynchronous Orbits (GEO), Highly Elliptical Orbits (HEO) and Low Earth Orbits (LEO) and an integrated, centralized ground station serving all space elements of the SBIR System, as well as DSP. PE #604441F funds SBIRS Engineering and Manufacturing Development activities.
    (U) This PE funds the SBIRS Demonstration/Validation activities: Space and Missile Tracking System (SMTS) and Cobra Brass (CB). SMTS is the Dem/Val effort for the LEO component of SBIRS, CB will provide data for the GEO and HEO components. This program is in the demonstration and validation Budget Activity Research Category because it funds the risk reduction and an advanced technology demonstration system.

    55. Site: The Goddard Space Flight Center
    major missions include the Hubble space Telescope, the weather satellite system, andthe tracking and Data end systems engineering for advanced mission support
    http://www.wtec.org/loyola/satcom2/e_06.htm
    Site: The Goddard Space Flight Center
    Greenbelt Road
    Greenbelt, MD 20771
    http://pao.gsfc.nasa.gov
    Date Visited: July 29, 1997 WTEC: Neil Helm Hosts:
    • Dr. Milton Halem, Chief, Earth and Space Data Computation Division (Code 930) Mr. Paul Heffernan, Systems Manager, Tracking Data Relay Satellite (Code 405)
    BACKGROUND
    The Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) was established in 1959 as a space and science center. It has some 11,750 employees of which 8,400 are contractors. The GSFC budget for FY96 was $28 billion. GSFC is NASA's lead center for the Mission to Planet Earth and is currently constructing an Earth Observing System Data and Information System that will have one of the largest real time data archiving and distributing systems in the world. Other major missions include the Hubble Space Telescope, the GOES weather satellite system, and the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) project. A recent addition to the center is the Systems Technology and Advance Concepts Office that is to provide end-to-end systems engineering for advanced mission support.
    RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES
    High Performance Computing and Communications
    The Earth and Space Data Computation Division is a leading center for high performance computing and communications research. It uses supercomputers, high speed networks and advanced visualization equipment to support over 1,000 remote scientists with near real time technical data. Using the CRAY T3E, 512 processor supercomputer, research scientists have sustained performance of scientific data at over 50 gigaflops. In benchmark tests, the T3E performed at 176 gigaflops. Within this computation division, high performance computing and communications research is also performed by the Center of Excellence in Space Data and Information Sciences, and the Center for Satellite and Hybrid Communications, both associated with the University of Maryland.

    56. Carroll
    and ground segment, based on the MOST space astronomy microsatellite missionnowcompleting its will use in asteroid and satellite tracking work will
    http://www.isunet.edu/other_programs/Symposium2001/Symp2001Abstracts/Carroll.htm
    "NESS: Using a Microsatellite to Search for
    and Track Satellites and Asteroids"
    K. A. Carroll
    Dynacon Enterprises Limited
    Canada
    kac@dynacon.ca
    Co-authors: A. R. Hildebrand, University of Calgary; D. Balam, University of Victoria; J. Matthews, University of British Columbia, Canada
    The Near Earth Space Surveillance (NESS) mission concept is described in this paper. NESS will use a microsatellite platform to place a small optical telescope in low Earth orbit. This telescope will be used to search for and track two types of objects that are resident in space: asteroids, and Earth-orbiting satellites. The motivation for the mission and its objectives will be explained. An initial preliminary design for the NESS satellite and ground segment, based on the MOST space astronomy microsatellite mission-now completing its detailed design phase-will be described. The concept of operations that NESS will use in asteroid and satellite tracking work will be explained, and an analysis of its performance and productivity will be provided. NESS serves the purposes of two separate space-tracking communities: Satellite locations are tracked for a variety of purposes. These include provision of ephemeris information in support of mission operation functions, such as pointing of high-gain ground-station antennas, and on-board estimation of magnetic field strength/direction for attitude estimation purposes. They also include support of the

    57. FOXNews.com
    radar) tracking data from the Merritt Island tracking station. . again, he told theworld that mission Control was But always there was only silence from space.
    http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,77295,00.html
    Mission Control Repeatedly Tried to Contact Columbia Saturday, February 01, 2003
    OAS_AD('Middle'); Their voices remained calm, professional, despite growing evidence that space shuttle Columbia and its seven astronauts were in very great trouble in their long fall from orbit toward a landing at the Kennedy Space Center. Observers in California and Texas and Arkansas all reported seeing flashes of light, perhaps from debris burning away, as the winged spacecraft streaked overhead. But the experts in Mission Control at first were seeing only routine data, streaming to Earth as millions of electronic bits. Suddenly, there was a dramatic change in temperature readings. And then silence. No data. No radio voices. No radar tracking. And soon, no hope. Columbia was traveling at more than 16,400 miles an hour as it approached the California coast in a high-speed descent shortly before 9 a.m. EST. There was no communications from the astronauts at the time. Typically for a return from space, the spacecraft commander, Rich Husband, and pilot, William McCool, would sit in the control seat at the front windshield, surrounded by elaborate controls including computer screens. Just behind, at McCool's right shoulder, would be Laurel Blair Salton Clark, a physician. And behind both the pilot and commander was astronaut Kalpana Chawla. In a tight compartment below the cockpit, were the other three astronauts, Michael P. Anderson, David M. Brown, and Ilan Ramon, the first Israeli astronaut.

    58. Precise Orbit Determination -- Space Geodesy Branch
    Because limited amount of tracking on GFO (the GPS The space Geodesy Branch producesthe precise orbits which are used on the TOPEX mission geophysical data
    http://bowie.gsfc.nasa.gov/926/POD/POD.html
    PRECISION ORBIT DETERMINATION (POD)
    Since the beginning of the space age the analysis of orbits of artificial satellites has been used as a means to improve or even determine geodetic models. Precision Orbit Determination (POD) requires the use of accurate models for gravity, tides and geodetic reference frames. POD's sensitivity to various types of geodetic information makes it a powerful tool in the refinement of geodetic models. POD is a core capability of the Space Geodesy Branch. The GEODYN orbit determination and geodetic parameter estimation software was developed by us for POD analysis and is used for geodetic model refinement (as with the gravity field). Although various research groups at NASA centers and at universities are active in POD analysis, the Space Geodesy Branch has retained unique capabilities in this field. These include the ability and expertise to exploit a wide variety of tracking data types and also the ability to combine multiple data types into a single POD solution. Of course, satellite laser ranging SLR ), Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver data and various forms of 2-way and 1-way Doppler (including

    59. Project Management
    and the JPL space VLBI Project coordinate tracking support requirements with theOSF through two requirements documents (formerly mission Requirements Requests
    http://us-space-vlbi.jpl.nasa.gov/project/proj_mngr2.html

    60. Other Military Space Program Guides
    Home Page supports the tracking Resources Catalog (TRCat) online reference guideto provide a global directory of ground stations. space mission Acronym List
    http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/other.htm
    FAS Space Military Program ... Join FAS
    Other Military Space Program Guides
    • National Security Space Road Map Office of the National Security Space Architect (NSSA) March/July 1999 This Road Map is one component of a larger master plan envisioned by the NSS Architect (NSSA). The NSS Master Plan documents the NSS Systems Architecture which is both the NSS Road Map and the documented results of multiple Architecture Development Team efforts.
    • Department of Defense Space Program - An Executive Overview for FY 1998 - 2003 March 1997 - identifies the cross-cutting trends and major themes that underlie DoD activites and initiatives and summarizes featured space programs to illustrate their roles in longer-term planning activities.
    • ARMY SPACE REFERENCE TEXT Describes the space segments, the energy sources used, payload types, and tracking networks for satellite control, as well as the capabilities and limits of satellite systems.
    • Brief historical overview of the Space and Missile Systems Center and its predecessors, covering the evolution of the mission and the organizational structure, the history of base facilities, and the history of the principal space and missile programs.
    • The 6555th: Missile and Space Launches through 1970 6555th Aerospace Test Wing history over the first two decades of its existence the golden age of Air Force missile and space launch vehicle flight tests at Cape Canaveral.

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