61. Guardian Unlimited | Special Reports | North Korea's Nuclear Programme on the sidelines of an AsianPacific regional summit in Special reports North andSouth korea Japan China United States Interactive The history of North http://www.guardian.co.uk/korea/article/0,2763,893965,00.html

Go to: Guardian Unlimited home UK news World news Archive search Arts Books Business EducationGuardian.co.uk Film Football Jobs Life MediaGuardian.co.uk Money The Observer Online Politics Shopping SocietyGuardian.co.uk Sport Talk Travel Audio Email services Special reports The Guardian The weblog The informer The northerner The wrap Advertising guide Crossword Dating Headline service Syndication services Events / offers Help / contacts Information Newsroom Style guide Travel offers TV listings Weather Web guides Guardian Weekly Money Observer Home UK Business Online ... Quiz Search this site Go to... Special report: North and South Korea North and South Korea archived articles In this section China cuts oil supply to North Korea North Korea warned by Japan N Korea fires second test missile Singalonga-Kim ... Satellite shows Korea in next step for bomb Timeline North Korea's nuclear programme Key dates in the history of Pyongyang's development of atomic weapons Wednesday February 12, 2003 North Korea shocks the world by saying it will pull out of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, but it later suspends its withdrawal. North Korea and the US sign a nuclear agreement in Geneva. North Korea pledges to freeze and eventually dismantle its nuclear weapons program in exchange for international aid to build two power-producing nuclear reactors.

62. Focus On The Benefits-Not Threats-of Regional Economic Integration -- Naoko Muna plus China, Japan, and south korea—pushed ahead on has apparently shelved the historyissue for relations are strained, establishing regional economic and http://www.brook.edu/views/op-ed/naoko/20011116.htm

The Center for Strategic and International Studies PacNet Newsletter , November 16, 2001 Naoko Munakata Visiting Fellow , Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies Regional cooperation in East Asia, unlike the European Union (EU) or the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), has been slow in forming institutional frameworks despite a proliferation of fora for dialogue. It was hampered by such factors as competition and antagonism between Japan and China, disgruntlement and suspicion among some about U.S. regional leadership, and an absence of the kind of overwhelming geopolitical challenge that helped postwar Europe to cohere. These conditions, however, seem to be changing in the post-Sept. 11 global environment: the result may be both improved economic conditions and bolstered security as well. What conditions are leading to this fortuitous convergence? your view After reading this opinion, tell us what you think. We'll post the most interesting comments. send your RESPONSE Whether the new trilateral dynamic can be sustained remains to be seen, but it could provide a useful opportunity for enhanced efforts toward integration and stability in Asia. When Japan-China relations are strained, establishing regional economic- and security-related frameworks proves difficult, if not impossible. And, as discussed below, stable U.S. relations with Japan and China are crucial to fostering the broad understanding within the U.S. that Asian integration can promote U.S. interests.

63. World Press Review - Jemaah Islamiyah - Singapore - North Korea sociocultural progress, just as fellow Asians admire south korea. 20, 2002 Japan-Northkorea Rapprochement A State a tragic chapter of their history, and to http://www.worldpress.org/Asia/925.cfm

Entire Site Press Country Profiles Documents World Headlines Front Page Africa Americas ... World Link TV World Press Review is a program of the Stanley Foundation. E-mail this article Printer-friendly version Subscribe to our e-newsletter Print edition Interview: Singaporean Ambassador Mark Hong Tat Soon Threats to Regional Security in Southeast Asia World Press Review interview Feb. 3, 2003 Guarding suspected Jemaah Islamiyah leader Abu Bakar Bashir in Solo, Indonesia (Photo: AFP). Mark Hong has been a diplomat in Singapore’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs since 1969, serving in Cambodia, Hong Kong, France, Russia, and Ukraine. He was Singapore’s Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations during the 1991 Gulf War, and is currently a visiting senior fellow at Singapore’s Institute of Defense and Strategic Studies, where he has written on, among other things, terrorism in Southeast Asia. Hong, who plans to retire from the foreign service in May 2004, recently shared his views on several current international issues—from the North Korean nuclear crisis to a potential war with Iraq to Cambodian trials of former Khmer Rouge leaders to radical Islam in Southeast Asia—with World Press Review associate editor Rachel S. Taylor.

64. World Telephone Numbering Guide Also, CCK Public Notice. history of numbering in East Africa. See EAPTC historicalnotes. korea, - -. See North korea or south korea. Kuwait, +965. http://www.wtng.info/wtng-kk.html

Updated 8 January 2003 By Country Code By Country Name Other WTNG pages Acknowledgements Main Page Help Calendar Glossary ... What's New Countries: K... Kazakstan Kenya Kiribati Korea - see North Korea or South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Kazakstan Number Format Area Code: 3 digits Subscriber Number: 7 digits (see note below) Trunk Prefix: 8 International Prefix: 8 (wait) 10 Subscriber numbers are 7 digits, but 6-digit numbers may be found off the dialable network) Area code information centralasia.kz DCCL Other Information Kazakstan remains under the same numbering plan as Russia , a holdover of the former USSR system (country code 7). There are no current reports about this nation receiving its own country code assignment. Major carrier is Kazakhtelecom See Russia section for other details on Kazakstan numbering. There is also a 1994 document on Kazakstan numbering through the ITU site. Kenya Number Format Area Code: 1-3 digits Subscriber Number: 5-6 digits Trunk Prefix: International Prefix: 000 Area code information DCCL 8 June 2002 to 30 July 2003 - National renumbering National regulator Communications Commission of Kenya initially issued an announcement in August 2001 on the future of its national telephone numbering.

65. Regional Resources On East Asia And Southeast Asia: units China, Japan, North and south korea, Hong Kong regional Resources. http://newton.uor.edu/Departments&Programs/AsianStudiesDept/general.html

The Asian Financial Crisis General Information News Media Additional resources on East and Southeast Asia may be found on the lists for the individual countries and political units: China Japan North and South Korea Hong Kong ... Thailand , and Vietnam Regional Resources Main Page Asian Crisis General Information News Media Politics Academia Country Resources Index Page Asian Americans China Japan Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Macau Mongolia Brunei Burma Cambodia Indonesia Laos Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam Please send your comments, suggestions and corrections to Robert Y. Eng . Listing of a Web site does not imply endorsement by the University of Redlands or by the compiler of this directory. New sites are added, and current lists are checked for dead, relocated and stale links on a regular basis. Univ. of Redlands Asian Studies Asian Resources Index Robert Y. Eng Updated: February 5, 2000

66. Weaning South Korea south korea's desire for a friendly big brother is all, at different points in itshistory the peninsula the interests of the four major regional powersthe http://www.cato.org/pubs/handbook/hb105-49.html

49. Weaning South Korea The U.S. government should withdraw all American forces from South Korea over the next four years; offer to sell Seoul whatever conventional weapons it wishes to purchase; announce its intention to terminate the mutual defense treaty by the end of the decade; continue improving relations with North Korea by meeting America's obligations under the nuclear agreement, formalizing relations between the two countries, and lifting restrictions on trade and investment; offer to help mediate territorial disputes between South Korea and neighboring nations; encourage South Korea to expand security cooperation with Japan; and promote South Korea's participation in regional political and security forums. Washington continues to maintain a large military presence in East Asia despite the collapse of Soviet communism and the growing strength of America's allies. Particularly dramatic is the transformation of the Korean peninsula, where the United States spends between $15 billion and $20 billion a year to defend South Korea, a nation fully capable of defending itself. In the aftermath of World War II, America's global interventionist foreign policy appeared to have a purpose: containment of the hegemonic threat posed by the Soviet Union and its satellites. Today, however, there is nothing left to contain. America's enemies are a handful of dismal, impoverished dictatorships.

67. Asia Times Moscow, with which he had a history of difficult 3). However, the real threat toregional stability is could impose immense strain on south korea, forced to http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/EA14Ad01.html

China History awaits China's Korea move By Francesco Sisci BEIJING - In 1950 Mao Zedong made a historic decision for his country and for the world. He decided that it was more important to fight the Americans in Korea than trying to recover Taiwan, held by runaway Kuomintang (KMT) troops. This decision and the direct clash between US and Chinese troops in Korea started the Cold War. For decades many Chinese were puzzled by the decision: Why defend North Korea, a foreign country, and not fulfill the patriotic goal of reunifying the country by taking over Taiwan? There were many reasons for the decision. There was the technical difficulty of a landing in Taiwan, defended by the United States. There was the issue of the geographic proximity - it was more dangerous to have the US next door, divided only by a few meters of the Yalu River, if the Americans were to beat North Korea, than to have them in Taiwan, separated from the mainland by miles of sea (see Ni Lexiong, "Why China does not need one Korea", in Heartland 1-2001

68. Vindex, De Vindplaats Van Het Nederlandse Web Omschrijving Focuses on articles about korean history and folk tales from korea'spast. http//socrates.berkeley.edu/~korea/history.html. Comfort Women. http://www.vindex.nl/dir/Regional/Asia/South_Korea/Society_and_Culture/History

hulp contact persoonlijke instellingen voeg uw site toe ... Opties: Samenvatting 1 url per domein Sites in nieuw venster Staat uw webpagina nog niet in Vindex? Meld deze dan nu aan! Url: Emailadres: Zoek in de webgids: Terug naar het overzicht Huidige rubriek Regional Asia South Korea Society and Culture History Subrubrieken Archaeology@ Historic Buildings@ Korean War@ Verwante Rubrieken Arts:Literature:Myths and Folktales:Myths:Korean Society:History:By Region:Asia:Korea Nieuwsgroepen alt.war.korea Links US Role in Korea in 1979 and 1980 Gevonden in rubriek: Regional Asia South Korea Society and Culture ... History Omschrijving: Documents the US reaction to the Kwangju uprising that killed hundreds of pro-democracy demonstrators. http://www.kimsoft.com/korea/kwangju3.htm The Korean Historical Connection (KHC) Gevonden in rubriek: Regional Asia South Korea Society and Culture ... History Omschrijving: A non-profit organization that helps researchers all over the world who are interested in Korean historical scholarship in the fields of Korean, Asian and western histories. http://www.hongik.ac.kr/~khc/khc-eng.htm

69. Vindex, De Vindplaats Van Het Nederlandse Web North korea Official Webpage. Gevonden in rubriek regional Asia North korea. OmschrijvingInformation about history, society, culture, folk and unification. http://www.vindex.nl/dir/Regional/Asia/North_Korea

hulp contact persoonlijke instellingen voeg uw site toe ... Opties: Samenvatting 1 url per domein Sites in nieuw venster Staat uw webpagina nog niet in Vindex? Meld deze dan nu aan! Url: Emailadres: Zoek in de webgids: Terug naar het overzicht Huidige rubriek Regional Asia North Korea Subrubrieken Arts and Entertainment Business and Economy Education Government ... Weather Verwante Rubrieken Regional:Asia:Regions:East Asia Regional:Asia:South Korea Links Asiaco North Korea Gevonden in rubriek: Regional Asia North Korea Omschrijving: Includes news, business, travel, jobs, and health information about North Korea. http://NorthKorea.asiaco.com/ North Korea Official Webpage Gevonden in rubriek: Regional Asia North Korea Omschrijving: Information about history, society, culture, folk and unification. http://www.korea-dpr.com North Korea Gevonden in rubriek: Regional Asia North Korea Omschrijving: Contains statistical data and links to news, travel, weather, and government. http://www.countries.com/countries/north_korea/ About North Korea Gevonden in rubriek: Regional Asia North Korea Omschrijving: Complete resource on N.Korea with information on its culture, art, business, news, travel, and history.

70. UH Press: Books And Journals Published By The University Of Hawaii Press Studies of south korea, however, focus exclusively on academic history of the Republicof korea that was Shigaku zasshi, the leading history journal in Japan http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/journals/ks/KS252.html

Asian Perspectives Asian Theatre Journal Buddhist-Christian Studies Biography ... Yishu (new) Korean Studies, vol. 25, no. 2 (Winter 2001) Contents ARTICLES The Parliament of Histories: New Religions, Collective Historiography, and the Nation by Boudewijn Walraven, 157 The Nation, the World, and the Dissolution of the Shin'ganhoe: Nationalist Historiography in South Korea by Kenneth M. Wells, 179 The Nation Exorcised: The Historiography of Collaboration in South Korea by Koen De Ceuster, 207 The Aesthetic Pasts of Space by Alain Delissen, 243 Affliction and Opportunity: Korean Literature in Diaspora, A Brief Overview by Kichung Kim, 261 BOOK REVIEWS View list The Parliament of Histories: New Religions, Collective Historiography, and the Nation Boudewijn Walraven, 157 Kenneth M. Wells, 179 The Nation Exorcised: The Historiography of Collaboration in South Korea Koen De Ceuster, 207 The cloak of silence surrounding collaboration in South Korea was lifted in the 1980s as part of the wider political struggle for democratization. Initially, the discourse on collaboration was caught in the same nationalist paradigm as the state-sanctioned narrative it sought to undermine. By the late 1990s, with democracy firmly established and a new, less-politicized generation of historians entering the field, the historiography of collaboration moved beyond facile incriminations and judgments toward a more comprehensive understanding of this delicate issue. Historical understanding does not, however, resolve the enduring demand for (moral) justice.

71. UH Press: Books And Journals Published By The University Of Hawaii Press political, economic, and personnel changes in south korea in the of new ideas in boththe south korean and Shigaku zasshi, the leading history journal in Japan http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/journals/ks/KS23.html

Asian Perspectives Asian Theatre Journal Buddhist-Christian Studies Biography ... Yishu (new) Korean Studies, vol. 23 (1999) Contents ARTICLES Bellonet and Roze: Overzealous Servants of Empire and the 1866 French Attack on Korea by Daniel C. Kane A Critique on Traditional Korean Family Institutions: Kim Wonju's "Death of a Girl" by Yung-Hee Kim Kim Il Sung's Campaign against the Soviet Faction in Late 1955 and the Birth of Chuch'e by Andrei N. Lankov Creating the National Other: Opposing Images of Nationalism in South and North Korea by Dennis Hart Change in U.S. Policy toward South Korea in the Early 1960s by Tae-Gyun Park Korean History Studies in Japan: The 1998 Shigaku Zasshi Review of Historiography by Yi Songshi, Rokutanda Yutaka, and Matsumoto Takenori BOOK REVIEWS, pp. 142-171 ( View list Bellonet and Roze: Overzealous Servants of Empire and the 1866 French Attack on Korea, pp. 1-23 Daniel C. Kane In February 1866 anti-Christian persecutions by the Taewongun resulted in the execution of nine French Jesuit missionaries secretly proselytizing in Korea. French reaction was extreme, with the French Far Eastern Squadron undertaking a small-scale invasion that fall. The attack, made in hopes of inflicting retribution and gaining concessions, was a dismal failure, ending in French withdrawal and the end of French missionary activity in Korea for a decade. The decision to attack has usually been viewed solely in its "Korean context" and thus been interpreted as a rash reaction to events there by the leading French diplomat in China. When viewed in the broader context of French policy in the Far East, especially China, the French decision to attack can be better understood.

72. Stock Pickers: Let History Guide You In Iraq War Whilst history may not repeat itself, it certainly rhymes, Raymond Foo, regionalstrategist at in Japan and brokerages like Hyundai Securities in south korea. http://www.rediff.com/money/2003/mar/20war3.htm

HOME NEWS BUSINESS CRICKET ... MATCHMAKER Search: The Web Rediff Business Portfolio Tracker Business News Specials Columns ... Business Reuters Report Stock pickers: Let history be your guide in Iraq war As war broke out in the Gulf, strategists were poring over their history books to guide investors. Their tips: Buy technology and consumer stocks. They say it's time to buy technology, consumer cyclicals and real estate the best performing sectors after the 1991 Gulf war and to lighten up on insurance, utilities and automobile stocks. Securities and banking stocks also stand to gain from a quick war and a subsequent equity market rally. "Whilst history may not repeat itself, it certainly rhymes," Raymond Foo, regional strategist at BNP Paribas Peregrine Securities in Hong Kong, said. Technology stocks soared about 56 per cent, consumer cyclicals 28 per cent and real estate 25 per cent in the three months after the first Gulf war, according to BNP. Asian investors scooped up shares in battered brokerages on Thursday, as hopes for a market rebound strengthened. The pall of uncertainty had helped send Tokyo stocks to a 20-year-low, and Korean shares to a 17-month-low in recent weeks. Notable winners included industry leader Nomura Holdings Inc in Japan and brokerages like Hyundai Securities in South Korea. The Korean market Asia's worst performing in the last 12 months gained almost 5 per cent.

73. Member States Of WHO-SEARO history of the WHO southEast Asia Region. of WHO on 19 May 1972 and joined the south-EastAsia The Democratic People’s Republic of korea became a member of http://w3.whosea.org/aboutsearo/membstats.htm

Member states Of WHO-SEARO

74. APMRN - Migration Issues In The Asia Pacific - South Korea ISSUES PAPER FROM THE REPUBLIC OF south korea. people to live with foreigners despitekorea’s long history. Them The Case of the Republic of korea, (mimeo). http://www.unesco.org/most/apmrnw12.htm

Asia Pacific Migration Research Network (APMRN) Migration Issues in the Asia Pacific ISSUES PAPER FROM THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH KOREA A. Introduction Korea, once a major labour-exporting country, is discussing opening its labour market to foreign labour. The labour shortage problem is more serious with labour-intensive industries such as clothing, small and medium industries and the construction industry. The Korean labour market has been near full employment since the mid 1980s. Unemployment rates have been around 2.5 per cent. For example, in 1995, the unemployment rate was only 2 per cent. With this tight labour market, some industries have found it hard to locate Korean workers and immigrant workers have trickled into the country. B. Migration and Government Policies Until the mid 1980s, Korea was one of the major labour-sending countries in Asia. Nearly two million Korean workers went overseas for temporary employment since 1963. The oil-producing Middle Eastern countries received most Korean migrants. From 1963 to 1989, 61 per cent of the Korean migrant workers went to the Middle East. However, with a slow-down in the economies of Middle Eastern nations, the overseas migration of Korean labour has decreased since the mid 1980s. In 1990, about 56,000 Korean workers went abroad, a reduction of 72 per cent compared to 1982, the peak year for overseas migration of Korean workers. The downward trend in Korean labour exports will likely continue in the future. Most of the Korean workers overseas worked for Korean construction companies which successfully penetrated into the Middle Eastern market.

75. Chapter 18, "Asia And The Pacific Area: An Overview" Kong Trade Development Council korean history korea Times heresy LG Economic ResearchInstitute, korea Megastories Asia south korea The Chaebol http://business.baylor.edu/Steve_Gardner/CESCH18.HTM

Contents Systems Statistics Capitalism ... Economic Future Asia and the Pacific Area: An Overview Web Resources Related to Chapter 18 of Comparative Economic Systems , 2nd Edition, by H. Stephen Gardner Across Asia and Pacific APEC Secretariat APEC Study Center, Columbia U. Asia-Pacific Network Asia Pacific Policy Program, JFK School of Govt., Harvard U. ... U. S. Army-Baylor University Graduate Program in Health Care Administration Across Asia Asia Business Today AsiaOne Asia Society Asia Times Online ... Yahoo - Regional:Regions:Asia East/Southeast Asia Asia Inc Magazine Asian Crisis (Karyiu) Asian Crisis (Roubini) Asian Economic Panel Meeting (Conference Papers), CID at Harvard University, 2001 ... World Bank in Vietnam / Useful links South Asia Background Notes: South Asia Business Line of India Centre de Sciences Humaines - New Delhi, India Discover India ... Times of India Pacific Area Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Australian Financial Review Australian Governments' Entry Point New Zealand Herald ... baylor economics

76. United Airlines - South Korea United Express® is composed of regional airlines offering over 2,000flights per day to nearly 200 destinations across the US, http://www.kr.ual.com/eng/site/primary/0,10017,1313,00.html

Contact United Products and services Home About United Products and services Company information Contact United Alliances Worldwide sites ... E-Ticket service Electronic tickets make travel easy because there is no paper ticket to keep track of. Since your reservation is stored in our computer system, you only need to show photo identification. E-Ticket service history E-Ticket service FAQ Business One United Shuttle ... Terms and conditions 2003 United Air Lines, Inc.

77. BA Asian Studies - Korea Option political, economic, and social development of both south korea and North 448, Modernkorean Society (5), HSTAS 481, history of Traditional korea (5), HSTAS http://jsis.artsci.washington.edu/advise/catalog/Korea-ba.html

Jackson School UW Home Search UW Program Description ... Korean Studies Program Bachelor of Arts Degree Program Description The objective of the program is to provide students with a broad background which will be of use to them in a variety of professions, such as teaching, business and government. Through this program, students can prepare for graduate work in Asian studies, or in such disciplines as anthropology, political science, comparative literature, sociology, and history. The program emphasizes the study of Korea in the context of East Asian and Asian civilization and the modern world economy, not simply as a single country in isolation from its neighbors. Students are encouraged to take related courses on China, on Japan, and in international studies, so that they will emerge from their experience at the University with comprehensive training. —Clark Sorensen, Chair Korea Studies The B.A. degree is designed as preparation for graduate work in a discipline department or as a terminal degree for work in business, government, journalism, secondary school teaching, or similar career activity.

78. MetaEUREKA Metasearch Category regional / Asia / south_Korea. MSN Learning Research Plus south KoreaOverview of geography, society, culture, economy, government, and history. http://www.metaeureka.com/cgi-bin/odp2.pl?dir=Regional/Asia/South_Korea/

79. Envisioning A Peace In Korea for the first time in its postwar history, to end when the issue comes up in SouthKorea, Japan can new political and institutional framework for regional peace http://www.iwanami.co.jp/jpworld/text/envisioning03.html

Responsible options for Japan If we consider the four points raised above in reverse order, first, Japan can begin by admitting its historical responsibility to North Korea, and act in good faith by taking care of compensation to the nation and individual victims. Instead, the Japanese government has chosen to start with the issue of the alleged abduction of its ten citizens. Of course, the agony suffered by the families of those believed to have been abducted is not difficult to imagine. However, North Korea's refusal to accept the Japanese government's position of starting talks with that issue, without an official apology and compensation for the hundreds of thousands of "comfort women" and forced laborers who were also "abducted" in wartime, is understandable. Japan must first make it clear that it owes responsibility for its actions during the colonial period, and then proceed to put the issue of the missing Japanese citizens on the table. This is the proper order of things, which may be called a modest initiative Japan can take. In effect, what does the Japanese government hope to accomplish by raising its abduction issue at the beginning of normalization talks, practically blocking any further progress? Besides, if there really are abducted Japanese citizens, the question must be handled by the Japanese government with realistic caution so that no harm befalls these people.

80. BBC NEWS | World | Asia-Pacific | What Is North Korea's Game? And it would be unwise to assume that south korean and other regional oppositionto the times and is keen to build Russia's role as honest broker in korea. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/2621349.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: World: Asia-Pacific News Front Page World ... Programmes SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobile/PDAs Text Only ... Help LANGUAGES EDITIONS Change to World Thursday, 2 January, 2003, 11:52 GMT What is North Korea's game? Will Kim Jong-il's moves earn more aid, or a US attack? As tensions mount over North Korea's nuclear threats, Korea expert Aidan Foster-Carter asks why the hermit state has chosen to ratchet up the pressure now, and what it hopes to gain. Do they know it's Christmas? North Korea's unseasonable gift to the world was to unleash a new nuclear crisis, swiftly and alarmingly ratcheting up tension. Creating a crisis could be a bid to stave off unrest at home, as hunger continues to bite As the US, South Korea and others in the region struggle to find a shared or effective response, one key question is motive. Decoding North Korea is not easy at the best of times. That in itself is a Pyongyang ploy. An aura of mystery and a reputation for unpredictability are useful - they keep the world guessing, and nervous of provoking such a maverick state. Blood-curdling rhetoric too is par for the course, making it hard to know when the North Koreans really mean it.

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