21. United Nations Daily Highlights, 02-05-24 as well as its solidarity with africa in the indigenous peoples, he noted, make upan estimated one out town of Mandera where some 3,500 somali refugees have http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2002/02-05-24.undh.html

Compact version Today's Suggestion Read the Latest International Press Articles Worldwide Friday, 11 April 2003 News Latest News (All) From Greece From Cyprus From Europe From Balkans ... PNP-Online User ID: United Nations Daily Highlights, 02-05-24 United Nations Daily Highlights Directory - Previous Article Next Article http://www.un.org unnews@un.org HIGHLIGHTS OF THE NOON BRIEFING BY FRED ECKHARD SPOKESMAN FOR THE SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS UN HEADQUARTERS, NEW YORK Friday, May 24, 2002 UN Headquarters will be closed on Monday, May 27, to mark the U.S. holiday of Memorial Day. The noon briefings will resume on Tuesday, May 28. ANNAN TO VISIT UKRAINE, RUSSIA, SWITZERLAND, ITALY Secretary-General Kofi Annan will leave at the end of next week on a trip that will take him on his first visit to the Ukraine. From there, he will travel to Moscow, Geneva and Rome. He will arrive in the Ukraine on Sunday, June 2, for an official program that will last through Tuesday. In response to a question, the Spokesman said the Secretary-General had intended to visit Ukraine for years, and would visit the President, Foreign Minister, Parliamentary leaders and representatives of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). His program in Moscow will last from Tuesday afternoon through Thursday morning.

22. Human Genome Project Patenting Indigenous People Kalihari Desert) and certain somali communities; the located halfway between Braziland South africa. the World Council of indigenous peoples (WCIP), Survival http://www.dartmouth.edu/artsci/bio/cbbc/courses/bio4/bio4-1996/HumanGenome3rdWo

Human Genome Project Patenting Indigenous People from an email list (Third World Network Features), 2/23/96 Abstract About the writers : Hilary Cunningham is Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame. Stephen Scharper is Visiting John A O' Brien Instructor, Department of Theology, University of Notre Dame. Third World Network Features On 14 March 1995, the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) obtained a patent on the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid the basic constituent of the gene) of an indigenous man from the Hagahai, a people who live in a remote region of Papua New Guinea. The NIH patent established claim on a cell line in the Hagahai male which is linked to adult leukaemia. The DNA, it is presumed, will assist scientists in understanding the enhancement or suppression of an immune response to a leukaemia-associated virus. The Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) is at the vortex of this controversy. Established in 1991, the HGDP brought together anthropologists and geneticists concerned that the Human Genome Project betrayed an ethnocentric bias. It was, they claimed, too narrowly focused on Anglo-European populations. Aspiring for a more diverse and therefore more extensive catalogue of human genes, these scientists felt that a broader sampling of ethnic populations would not only better the project's goal to combat common human diseases, but also assist anthropological efforts to reconstruct the story of human evolution and explore issues of human adaptation. The HGDP today represents an informal consortium of international scientists and universities who aspire to collect information on human genome variation.

23. Toward A New Country In East Africa writers (GT Stride and C. Ifeka, peoples and Empires nation of particular interest,the somali nation nation that returned to its indigenous political tradition http://libertariannation.org/a/f42n1.html

This article was published in the Winter 1996-97 issue of Formulations formerly a publication of the Free Nation Foundation, now published by the Libertarian Nation Foundation Toward a New Country in East Africa for the New Country Foundation (to table of contents of archives) Editor's Note: The author, who is presently working with New Country Foundation members to organize a libertarian new country project in Africa, asked that his name be withheld. If you would like further information about this project, please contact NCF at the address listed on the masthead. Somewhere in East Africa, there is a green valley that is often referred to as "no-man's-land." It received this name for two reasons. First, almost nobody was living there during the past two centuries. Second, for a long time the surrounding states, those of Ethiopia, British Somaliland and French Somaliland, showed little interest in this valley. It was only in 1954 that this no-man's-land, up till then a white spot on the political map of the United Nations, received its color. It was then that the UN divided this valley among two sovereigns, the larger part going to Ethiopia; the smaller part to British Somaliland. When I visited this beautiful valley for the first time, in 1992, I instantly saw its potential as an independent country. Like Galt's Gulch, it is surrounded by mountains, which gives it a sort of privacy. Also, it has a pleasant, temperate climate due to its location at 1700 meters altitude. Its size, equal to that of Luxembourg, is three times larger than Hong Kong. With modern cultivating techniques it can easily feed a million people. My big question was, why there were no villages in this valley. The answer came soon. The British forbade settlement, fearing that its trees would be cut in order to permit agriculture. They reserved the valley for nomads.

24. Africa zones of East and West Hararge, Dire Dawa, and somali in eastern Northern peoples. GeneralInformation info@pff.net For Every People An indigenous Church For http://www.pff.net/Projects/projafr.htm

Frontier Peoples in Africa (GIVING STATUS E = expandable C = capped) Project Descriptions #E-040060 Afar, Ethiopia, CG #E-040060 Afar Country Ethiopia CG EECMY None Islam pffnet-afar @yahoogroups.com Afar is a state in northeast Ethiopia with a population of 1.1 million, almost all of whom are members of the Afar tribe. They are 99.2% Muslim. In 1994 only 2.7% of the people attended school. Even today many are nomadic animal herders. Our PCUSA partner church in Ethiopia, The Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus (EECMY), has had contacts with these people since 1990, including bringing education to some of them. Some of the region's government officials received their own education through the EECMY, and are now asking the EECMY to help their people with services such as veterinary, literacy, water, grinding mills, tree nursery and hostel works. The PCUSA has partnered with the EECMY to undertake these opportunities in a careful and sensitive way as part of a holistic ministry. Already some Afar people have responded to the Gospel. Our funding helps train literacy workers who witness to Christ through word and deeds. We also provide materials to help with their work. (KV) #E-040019 Dawro, Ethiopia

25. Baaq to know the influential role at terrorist on horn of africa, especially in theirpolitics, and to buy their property of somali indigenous peoples such house http://www.mareegonline.com/baaqissemudul.asp

Mareeg Online BAAQ DIGNIID Aqristaha sharafta lahow waxaan ku xasuusineynaa Qoraaladda aan ku soo gudbino Boggan waa fikrado ay noo soo direen shaqsiyaad kamid ah aqristayaasha Mareeg ee ma aha cabirka ama decument ay leedahay MareegOnline.com Suldan Hayle Suldan Isman Member of Muddullod Traditional Elders And The Traditional leader Isse Muddullood I am one of the traditional leaders of Mudullood sub-clans, at the same time the Sultan of ISSE MUDULLOOD sub-clan. I am very concerned about the crises continuing happening in the world by terrorists, especially the incidents happened in New-York and Washington which was a major catastrophe to the entire world. From 11th September of this year 2001. I made and investigation and came to know the influential role at terrorist on horn of Africa, especially in Somalia. The era of displacement and starvation in Somalia there was an efforts led by United States to rescue the needy Somalis while most of the Islamic countries were different about the destruction of the Somalia. It was unfortunate that there was apprising against those who came to the rescue of Somalis and those attacks carried out terrorists under disguise of Islamic organizations and their goal and aim was to abort the rescue operation. From 1995 when United States and UNOSOM withdrew their military from Somalia . The influence of Islamic organizations increasing in Mogadishu at same they were happy the departure of United States and UNOSOM. The well known Business man of Saudi Arabia Sheikh Usaama Ben Landen came Mogadishu and invested business enterprises, Barakat Bank, Telecomunications, Telsom and terrorist training centers. These Armies is leading Hassan Dahir Aweys, the terrorist carried out many attacks in neighboring countries and some regions of Somalia currently bases in Kismayo, Merka, Brava and Mogadishu.

26. Africa:  Somalia either Christians or adherents of indigenous African faiths the dates of rituals thatare specifically somali. those of other Eastern Cushiticspeaking peoples. http://wrc.lingnet.org/somalia.htm

Area Studies / Africa Somalia / Basic Facts Population Health under 15 yrs...45% Life Expectancy Commo Hospital beds N/A TV...1:50 Doctors N/A Radio...1:20 IMR Phone...N/A Avg. Income...$600 Newspaper...N/A Literacy Rate...24% Click on map for larger image Religious Groups Freedom of Religion Ethnic Groups Human Rights ... People with Disabilities Note: The U.S. Government does not maintain an official presence in Somalia. Religious Groups Basic Facts Holidays Suni Islam Christian less than 1% Indigenous African faiths less than 1% Suni Islam. The vast majority of Somalis are Sunni Muslims. Loyalty to Islam reinforces distinctions that set Somalis apart from their immediate African neighbors, most of whom are either Christians or adherents of indigenous African faiths. Islamic leaders. The Islamic ideal is a society organized to implement Muslim precepts in which no distinction exists between the secular and the religious spheres. Among Somalis this ideal had been approximated less fully in the north than among some groups in the settled regions of the south where religious leaders were at one time an integral part of the social and political structure. Among nomads their religious leaders are expected to remain aloof from political matters.

27. 1Up Info > Somalia > BREAKDOWN OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE | Somalian Information Reso peoples of the Horn of africa somalia, Afar, and Saho also by written numerous articles,several of which deal with somali Islam and indigenous religion http://www.1upinfo.com/country-guide-study/somalia/somalia66.html

You are here 1Up Info Somalia History People ... News Search 1Up Info Somalia Somalia BREAKDOWN OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE The Somali environmentboth human and ecologicalhas deteriorated since the collapse of the state in early 1991. The consequent outbreak of intra- and interclan conflicts engulfed the peninsula in a catastrophic civil war that had claimed, by a conservative estimate, more than 200,000 Somali lives by early 1992. The cities of Mogadishu and Hargeysa had been reduced to rubble, with government buildings and homes looted or razed by gangs armed with assault rifles. Even telephone wires had been dug up, stolen, and exported for sale to the United Arab Emirates. In the fields of education and health, a sharp decline occurred and only minimal services continued to exist. Because of the destruction of schools and supporting services, a whole generation of Somalis faced the prospect of a return to illiteracy. Many people who had fled to the cities initially because of the civil war sought refuge in camps elsewhere, often refugee camps outside Somalia. More than one year of civil war had wiped out most of the intellectual and material progress of the preceding thirty years. In short, Somali society had retrogressed to a collection of warring clans reminiscent of preindustrial times. Enrico Cerulli's three-volume work

28. IASA Community Events women, organizations, institutions and indigenous national organizations and empowermentof africa and african peoples. somali PROFESSIONALS TRUST The somali http://www.iasaonline.org/home/nonprofits.php

Non Profit Organizations African Studies Association The African Studies Association was founded in 1957 as a non-profit organization open to all individuals and institutions interested in African affairs. Its mission is to bring together people with a scholarly and professional interest in Africa. The ASA also provides useful services to the Africanist community. Currently, four periodicals are produced annually. With 3,000 individual and institutional members, ASA is the leading North American organization that promotes African studies. ASA is located at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in New Brunswick, New Jersey. AFRICA RESOURCE AFRICA-AMERICA INSTITUTE AMREF African Medical and Research Foundation AMREF is Africa's largest indigenous health charity, and for 44 years in partnership with local communities, governments and donors, has worked to research and alleviate Africa's health problems. AWOGNET African Women Global Network (AWOGNet) is a global organization that networks all men and women, organizations, institutions and indigenous national organizations within Africa, whose activities are targeted towards the improvement of the living conditions of women and children in Africa. AKINA MAMA AMWA is an international non-governmental development organization for African women, which co-ordinates local, regional and international initiatives. AMWA builds African women's leadership capacities to influence policy and decision making processes in their communities, by serving as a networking, information, advocacy and training forum.

29. Washington File - Latest from China 05 Feb 03 somali Bantu Refugees 03 - Americans Support Stronger Tieswith africa, Poll Shows Forum for Cooperation with indigenous peoples 04 Feb http://usembassy.state.gov/seoul/wwwh43fn.html

If you are not redirected to the following site in 10 seconds, please click the link below: Washington File - Latest URL: http://usinfo.state.gov/products/washfile/homepage.shtml

30. Information On Kenya - Africa On Fire of the Luo and Kikuyu, the two dominant peoples, in opposition coastal Swahili/Arab,Pokomo, Digo and northeast desert somali, Boran, etc indigenous Marginal 11 http://www.africaonfire.org/kenya.htm

Return or Go TO: AOF Home Page Kenya Programs How to Partner AOF Missions Inc. PO Box 716 Midway, GA USA 31320 Ministry Report: T ourist publications describe Kenya's beauty in glowing terms that the skeptic could naturally suspect. In this case, though, they tell the truth, maybe even under estimate a bit. From stars that hang like small moons, to lakes pink with flamingos; from the Obedears Mountains to the valleys where elephants, ibis, and wild antelope play, to the view from the mountains around the Rift Valley; Kenya took our breath away. Kenya is a land of contrasts, both in geography and population. Her topography includes stark desert in the north, lush farmland in the central and western regions, thick forest in the mountains. And among its people, though some have attained and are attaining wealth, most Kenyans still live in great poverty. But as our team traveled through this nation, the thing that struck us most is that Kenya is facing a crucial hour. For 34 years since her independence, God has kept Kenya politically safe from the turmoil that has swirled around her. God has blessed her with stability and with a government that has been friendly to the Church. You may have heard of some turmoil arising as scheduled elections once again draw near. Yet we were constrained by the Holy Spirit that Kenya's future does not rest in the hands of her political leaders, it rests with the Church.

31. Selected Publications By USIP Fellows: Fellowships Program: U.S. Institute Of Pe in the Sky Options for somali Communities in The US Role in South africa's Transitionto 90, and Senior Fellow, 20002001) - indigenous peoples, Ethnic Groups http://www.usip.org/jrprogram/pubs.html

Selected Publications by USIP Fellows A B C D ... Z Adnan Abu Odeh (Senior Fellow,1995-96) Jordanians, Palestinians, and the Hashemite Kingdom in the Middle East Peace Process. USIP Press, 1999. Hussein M. Adam (Senior Fellow, 1995-96) With Richard Ford (eds): Mending Rips in the Sky: Options for Somali Communities in the 21st Century. Red Sea Press, 1997. Leon Aron (Peace Fellow, 1992-93) Yeltsin: A Revolutionary Life. St. Martin's Press, 2000. with Kenneth M. Jensen (eds): The Emergence of Russian Foreign Policy. USIP Press, 1994. Kevin Avruch (Senior Fellow, 1996-97) Culture and Conflict Resolution. USIP Press, 1998. Back to top Tozun Bahcheli (Senior Fellow, 1995-96) with Theodore Couloumbis and Patricia Carley: A USIP Peaceworks, August 1997. Amatzia Baram (Senior Fellow,1997-98) "Between Impediment and Advantage: Saddam's Iraq" A USIP Special Report, June 1998. Mordechai Bar-On , (Peace Fellow, 1992-93) In Pursuit of Peace: A History of the Israeli Peace Movement. USIP Press, 1996. LTC Donna Boltz (Army Peace Fellow, 2000-2001) "Information Technology and Peace Support Operations."

32. EPC Lectures 2001/2 convenient but inaccurate term indicating indigenous peoples of south by calling onsuperficially Islamized nomadic peoples, such as Afar somali, to swell http://www2.soas.ac.uk/Africa/courseunits/cultural/epc/epclec7.htm

Lecture 7: Muslim Ethiopia (Handout: Muslim States). Introduction:- in order to take up story of Islam in Ethiopia we need to go back to lecture 3 when rise of Islam in 7 th jihad another group of early traditions refers to Bilal, an Ethiopian freed slave of Abu Bakr who became 1 st caliph (chief Muslim ruler, regarded as successor of Muhammad), according to legend Bilal 2 nd person to convert to Islam (Abu Bakr being 1 st) , but it seems Muhammad’s wife, Khadidja, was actually 1 st convert, Bilal appointed 1 st muezzin (man who calls faithful to prayer at mosque) however, these early friendly relations did not last long, hostilities already seem to have begun before M’s death in 632 CE, many incidents concerning rivalry over control of Red Sea trade Overview of the Expansion of Islam into the Ethiopian Region:- th cent. CE Dahlak Islands had been annexed by Muslims (see Pankhurst map – handout for Lecture 5 nevertheless, at beginning of 10 th other links with Islamic world = in coastal regions through hajj with rise of Fatimid dynasty in Egypt at end of 10 th Endarta (see map) comes from Arabic inscriptions dating from end of 10 th cent. to mid-12

33. Background Notes Archive - Africa 6%. Languages French and Arabic (official); somali and Afar The indigenous populationis divided between the All are Cushiticspeaking peoples, and nearly all http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/djibouti9603.html

Return to Africa Background Notes Archive Return to Background Notes Archive Homepage Return to Electronic Research Collection Homepage

34. Background Notes Archive - Africa As early as the seventh century AD, indigenous Cushitic peoples began to minglewith Arab somali is now the language of instruction in all schools. http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/somalia9807.html

Return to Africa Background Notes Archive Return to Background Notes Archive Homepage Return to Electronic Research Collection Homepage

35. Government And Politics In Africa and Causes Ogiek.org rights of indigenous peoples. africa News Online - SierraLeone. somaliland CyberSpace; somali Electronic Journal; somaliland Forum; somalia http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/por/afbase.htm

THE KEELE GUIDE TO AFRICAN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS ON THE INTERNET from Keele University African Union Algeria Angola ... Zimbabwe Latest revision 2 April 2003 Africa-wide Sources African Studies Africabib.org bibliographical database Africa Resource Centre African Association of Political Science African Politics Resources African Studies Association ... African Studies Internet Resources from Columbia U African Studies Server at University of Pennsylvania with complete listing of African Studies sites African Studies from the University of Georgia African Studies Review A-Z of African Studies on the Internet from MSU Center for Electronic Resources in African Studies (University of Iowa) Primary Sources in African Humanities and Social Science research Internet African History Sourcebook from Fordham Electronic Journals and Newspapers in Africa from Columbia University Habari - resources website on African Studies in Europe Middle East and North Africa Internet Resource Guide Rhodes Africa Resources News and Newslinks About.com

36. Welcome To HORN OF AFRICA support for the Sudan peoples' Liberation Army of realigning relationships throughoutthe Horn of africa. Either lacking adequate indigenous somali support of http://www.hananews.org/WholeArticle.asp?artId=44

37. Africa South Of The Sahara - Publishers For African Studies in somali and English. South africa's largest indigenous academic publisher. leisureand food. Also publishes an eleven volume encyclopedia, peoples of africa http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/publish.html

Topics : Publishers Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also Journals South African Journals Book Dealers AcqWeb's Subject Directory of Publishers and Vendors A very good list of academic publishers. The e-mail directory seems more complete than the list of publishers by country http://www.library.vanderbilt.edu/law/acqs/ Adam Matthew Publications Microfilm publisher. Sells 19th and 20th century journals and archival collections for African studies and other areas. Has a search engine. http://www.adam-matthew-publications.co.uk/ Examples - Africa Through Western Eyes . Part 1: Original Manuscripts from the Royal Commonwealth Society Library at Cambridge University Library Church Missionary Society Archive - See Section IV: Africa Missions From the Royal Commonwealth Society in Cambridge University Library Part 1: The Colour Question in Imperial Policy, 1836-1930) Foreign Office Files: United States (Public Record Office Class FO 371: Part 1: The John F Kennedy Years, 1960-1963

38. WOMEN'S HUMAN RIGHTS IN AFRICA inextricably the concepts of human rights, peoples' rights, and linked to or drawnfrom existing indigenous sociolegal such as, for instance, the somali xeer http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/v2/v2i3a2.htm

WOMEN'S HUMAN RIGHTS IN AFRICA: BEYOND THE DEBATE OVER THE UNIVERSALITY OR RELATIVITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS. Diana J. Fox INTRODUCTION In the fifty years following the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, anthropology as a discipline has embraced a predominantly ethical relativist stance toward the idea of human rights as a legitimate universal concern for all cultures. In the past decade, however, the rising prominence of women's rights as human rights has challenged this point of view. Within the context of the global women's human rights movement, feminist anthropologists are in the forefront of this ch allenge, striving to uphold anthropology's important focus on cultural context, while at the same time exhibiting a deep concern for practices which harm women, including female genital mutilation and satie, both of which may be argued to be morally objectionable outside of any given culture. Feminist anthropological theory and feminist legal scholarship have questioned the desirability of objective ethnographic reporting of such practices, claiming that to remain aloof from statements of value implies complicity through silence (1). Feminist anthropology endorses the view that context is critical in our understanding and explication of any given situation; however, it also insists that cultural context, like any particular situation, is only a part of a much deeper and complex totality within which a particular context is necessarily subsumed. To strive toward completeness is to strive to embrace multiple traditions under the umbrella of universal human rights, and to do so the significance of second, third, and fourth generation rights must be regarded as significant a priority as first generation rights.

39. Africa Draft of africa, Chapters on Jie, Karimojong, somali, Fulani in Meillassoux (ed.), The Developmentof indigenous Trade and Mair, L., peoples of africa, chapters 5, 10 http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/Courses/SE512/Preceeding_Years/se5121999.html

AFRICAN SOCIETIES Michaelmas and Lent Terms Course Convenor: Room: Eliot Extension L31 Dr David Zeitlyn Email d.zeitlyn@ukc.ac.uk Telephone extension: 3360 Other Teachers: Room: Eliot Extension L41 Dr. N I Lovell Email n.i.lovell@ukc.ac.uk Telephone extension: 7845 Location of Lecture: DLT2 (Monday 2.00 p.m.) Location of Seminar: DLT2 (Monday 3.00 p.m.) Number Registered for Course : max 40 Email list for Course : af-anth@ukc.ac.uk Assessment Procedure : You will be assessed by a combination of two essays, a bibliography on one of the topics covered and contributions to the course email list. At the end, a three hour examination is held. Essays etc contribute 10% of all marks, the examination 90%. You must make at least four contributions to the email list which include at least two article summaries (but not including essays and the bibliography which should not be sent to the list). Assignment Requirements : Essays need to be of at least 2000 words, not more than 3000 in length and must be typed Deadlines for Assignments Essays must be handed in to the Departmental Office, L46 Eliot Extension and a receipt obtained as follows: first essay on 18 December 1998 by 3.00 p.m.

40. The Relationship Between Indigenous Pastoralist Resource Tenure And State Tenure and as a result pastoralist peoples were frequently As happens elsewhere in africa,most notably in the remains to be seen if indigenous somali pastoralism and http://www.geocities.com/somali_agrecons/03.htm

(Dordrecht, Netherlands.) GeoJournal , V 36(1), pp.19-26. (May 1995) Reprinted with permission. The Relationship between Indigenous Pastoralist Resource Tenure and state Tenure in Somalia Unruh, Jon D., M.S., University of Arizona, Departrnent of Geography, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA ABSTRACT: Indigenous resource tenure systems in Africa have evolved to meet the constraints and opportunities of often difficult biophysical environments, while facilitating the operation of complex spatial and temporal land use patterns. Traditional systems provide; security of tenure in culturally relevant ways that permit adaptation to new circumstances. On the other hand imposed tenure structures in Africa have often not strengthened individual rights and have often blocked indigenous tenure development and adaption in response to new situations. Pastoralists in Africa have in particular been negatively impacted by the imposition of national tenure systems which in many cases have served to marginalize nomadic populations, with repercussions in land degradation, food security, and instability. In Somalia the transient resource rights and resource use arrangements that are critical to transhumant pastoralism were ignored in the formulation of the national tenure regime which favored crop cultivation. The results were increased land degradation, resource use conflicts, declines in pastoral production, and impacts on Somali clan alliances which in many cases regulate rational resource access and use.

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