21. History Of Rugby 3 Start back history of rugby 2 history of rugby 3 WW After the olympic Games inSydney 2000, Italia joined involves the three maybe strongest rugby nations of http://www.rugby-karlsruhe.de/geschichte/rugby.3.asp

History of Rugby 3 Start ...back History of Rugby 2 History of Rugby 3 W.W.Ellis Select different language: deutsch English Contests German championships take place anually since 1948 - since 1957 under the title "Deutscher Meister" (German Master). The first German championship took place in 1909 and has been repeated yearly until 1943 (with the exception of 1915-19). A "Five Nations" tournament is being held since 1910 (formerly as "Four Nations", without France) between England Ireland Scotland Wales and France . After the Olympic Games in Sydney 2000, Italia joined the club, thus extending it to a "Six-Nations-Tournament". For some time, there is a "Southern Hemisphere version" that involves the three maybe strongest Rugby nations of the world (Tri Nations) Australia New Zeeland and South Africa . Besides of that, these three nations also battle out a winner in the so-called "Super-12's", in which provincial teams (five from New Zeeland, three from Australia, and four from South Africa) play one against the other, including half finals and finals. These two tournaments also take place anually. European championships are being held without the English-speaking nations in A- and B-groups with possible relegation and delegation.

22. History Of Rugby I am particularly interested in the history of the game in countries such as Australia,New Zealand, South Africa as well rugby made its olympic debut in http://www.bocaratonrugby.com/rugby_education/history_of_rugby.htm

History Of Rugby Foreword: I sourced the following information from many books and other documents I have collected over the years. I also researched the early years of rugby during visits to Rugby school, The Gilbert Museum and the RFU museum at Twickenham and I thank those organizations in particular for their kind assistance and would encourage anyone who has the opportunity, to visit them. You will also find special mention to Rugby in my home town of Bedford, England. I am sure that some may wish to provide additional material to include here. I am particularly interested in the history of the game in countries such as Australia, New Zealand, South Africa as well as European and South American countries. Please provide a reference with any material you send so I can verify its accuracy. Origins of Rugby: Many believe that rugby was born in 1823 when William Webb Ellis "with fine disregard for the rules of football (soccer) as played in his time, first took the ball in his arms and ran with it, thus originating the distinctive feature of the Rugby game". Although it is worth pointing out that there is little in the way of evidence to substantiate this view it is widely believed. The game of football as played at Rugby School (Rugby, England) between 1750 and 1823 permitted handling of the ball, but no-one was allowed to run with it in their hands towards the oppositions goal. There was no fixed limit to the number of players per side and sometimes there were hundreds taking part in a kind of enormous rolling maul. William Webb Ellis's innovation of running with the ball was probably met by vigorous retribution at the time but by 1830 Jem Mackie, with his powerful running, made it an acceptable part of the game.

23. Australian History. Thomas Dooker Kicks First Rugby League Goal The first part to be finished was the olympic pool and was in use by the public fromthe start. Next was the Track and Field section. FIRST rugby LEAGUE GAMES. http://greatlakeshistorical.museum.com/dooker.html

24. Scrum.com ... Rugby News, Rugby Results, Rugby Action From Scrum, The Best Rugby most respected sports broadcasters, has an eclectic love of sport but rugby remainshis less than a second away from his own place in the olympic history books http://www.scrum.com/columns/inverdale/inverdale40.asp

Select Argentina Australia Canada England France Italy Ireland New Zealand Scotland South Africa USA Wales Select RWC 2003 Six Nations 2003 Euro Cups 02-03 Super 12 2003 World Cup 2003 Eng Prem '02-03 Celtic Lge '02-03 Welsh Prem '02-03 Powergen '02-03 IRB Sevens Tri-Nations 2002 NPC 2002 Currie Cup 2002 SCRUM ARCHIVE World Cup 99 Tri-Nations 2001 Tri-Nations 2000 SixNations 2002 Six Nations 2001 Six Nations 2000 Five Nations 1999 Epson Cup 2000 Euro Cups '01-02 Euro Cups '00-01 Super 12 2002 Super 12 2001 Super 12 2000 Welsh/Scot '01-02 Student Rugby Barbarians 2001 News Six Nations 2003 Super 12 2003 World Cup 2003 ... Newsletters Question: Who do you THINK will finish bottom of the Premiership? Your Choice: A Bath B London Irish C Newcastle D Harlequins E Saracens John Inverdale, one of the BBC’s most respected sports broadcasters, has an eclectic love of sport but rugby remains his passion and John will be dealing with some of the most pressing issues in the game in his weekly column. Whilst covering the olympics for the BBC John Inverdale will be continuing his column, bringing our readers an insight into the greatest show on earth. Defeat must inspire an Olympic return 25 September 2000 Old Rudyard knew a thing or two. All that stuff about triumph and disaster. But it's a lot easier said than done. After a morning watching Steve Redgrave and the boys win the coxless four in such dramatic circumstances and Britain's finest Olympian row off into the sunset to an almost certain knighthood in the next honour's list, my abiding memory on the journey home was not of glory and victory but of despair and defeat.

25. History Main thing in life is not conquering, but fighting well. In 1900, three teams wereentered in the olympic rugby tournament Germany, Britain and hosts France. http://www.rugbyreview.com.au/news/009.html

< Previous Story < Back to Archive >> Next Story >> Out in the Gold Cold Rugby at the Olympics The Olympic Games began as a religious festival, where Greeks would come together to appease their gods. Records show these festivals began at Olympia as early as 776BC, although many believe they may have been held well before this date. The sports were limited in the days of the Ancient Olympics with just a 180-yard foot race held in the inaugural games. The games that followed reflected the culture of the times as wrestling, chariot racing and an extended athletics program were gradually introduced. The Ancient Olympics continued until 394AD when Roman Emperor Theodosius abolished the Games after denouncing them as a pagan festival. The Olympics remained dormant for the best part of two millennia until a French educator revived the festival in the late 19th century. Baron Pierre de Courbetin is regarded as the father of the modern Olympic Games, and it was he who formed the International Olympic Committee in 1894. De Courbetin founded the modern Olympic movement based on the Greek philosophy that the aim of competitive sport is not just to remain healthy, but to educate people. His vision was for the Olympics and sport in general to play a worldwide role in cultural and educational improvement.

26. History Main I should say that, I'm writing to you with the humble request that you considerincluding rugby union as a medal sport in time for the Sydney olympic Games. http://www.rugbyreview.com.au/news/005.html

< Previous Story < Back to Archive >> Next Story >> Putting the word "game" back into the Olympics To: Juan Antonio Samaranch, Olympic Head Honcho, Some Private Jet Somewhere From: Peter Fitz, Desk-bound Hack in "Sideney" Dear Sammy, Thanks for giving us the Games here in God-zone, and we look forward to seeing you down this way again shortly. True, it's unlikely that the next time you come you'll have swooning hand-maidens scattering rose-petals before your every step - the way it was when we were still trying to schmooooooooooze you into giving us the big nod - but we will still observe the basic form of being appreciative little Vegemites anyway. Simply because we are, no kidding. Speaking of the Olympics though, funny I should say that, I'm writing to you with the humble request that you consider including rugby union as a medal sport in time for the Sydney Olympic Games. There are a lot of us around the world with cauliflower ears, broken noses and puffy eye-brows who reckon it would be more than just a passing good idea. Why? Well why the hell not, Sammy? You've already got other heavyweight team sports like basketball and soccer, so why not rugby, too? Let me count the reasons for you.

27. Football – News Reports, Sydney Results, Ancient Origins, Olympic History, Atla it and many a match at the olympic Games, though or carrying the ball, a mix betweenfootball and rugby. A book on the history of England written in 1174 makes http://www.times-olympics.co.uk/communities/football/footballancient.html

ANCIENT ORIGINS BEAUTIFUL GAME A MINORITY SPORT AT THE GAMES To the pleasure of all those sports that are thoroughly swamped by football year in, year out, the beautiful game's vast popularity beyond the Olympiad has not translated to popularity within it and many a match at the Olympic Games, though not the final, is played to audiences of several hundred. In Sydney there are, however, 1.6 million tickets on sale because of the size of football stadiums compared with the venues of other sports. If sold, they would make football the most watched sport. The introduction of a women's event at the 1996 Games in Atlanta, and the fact that the title was won by the US, helped to generate a little more interest but only the stars of World Cup football could really turn the spotlight on the game when it becomes the first sport to be played at Sydney. Football is the only sport at the Games that will played outside Sydney, with matches scheduled for Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra and Melbourne, as well as the host city.

28. INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE - SPORTS Golf also has a long history, as it origins can be made entreaties to be returnedto the olympic programme rugby rugby football is one of the earliest forms of http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/past/index_uk.asp

SPORTS OLYMPIC SPORTS OF THE PAST ATHLETES OLYMPIC GAMES PASSION NEWS ... ORGANISATION O LYMPIC SPORTS OF THE PAST Sports no longer practised at the Olympic Games Tug-of-war Tug-of-war was on the Olympic programme in 1900, 1904, 1906 (Intercalated Games), 1908, 1912 and 1920. Tug-of-war was always contested as a part of the track and field athletics programme, although it is now considered a separate sport. The Olympic champions were as follows: 1900: a combined Swedish/Danish team; 1904: an American club team representing the Milwaukee Athletic Club; 1906: Germany/Switzerland; 1908: a British team from the City of London Police Club; 1912: Sweden; and 1920: Great Britain. Golf Golf has been on the Olympic programme twice, in 1900 and 1904. There were two golf events in 1900 - one for gentlemen and one for ladies. Golf is one of the world's most popular sports, being played in well over 100 nations world-wide. Golf also has a long history, as it origins can be traced back several centuries, and it has had organised international competitions since the mid-19th century. In the last decade golf has made entreaties to be returned to the Olympic programme. Rugby Rugby football is one of the earliest forms of football in which the ball is carried rather than kicked. It developed in Great Britain in the mid-19th century. Originally, rugby league was considered the professional sport and rugby union the amateur one, but in 1995 the International Rugby Board made rugby union an open sport, allowing professional competition. Rugby union football was held at the Olympics in 1900, 1908, 1920 and 1924.

29. INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE - SPORTS Tug of war, rugby, polo, lacrosse, and golf were once on the olympic programme. atthese sports and discover others that have become a part of olympic history. http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/index_uk.asp

SPORTS ATHLETES OLYMPIC GAMES PASSION ... ORGANISATION S PORTS The current Olympic Games programme includes 35 sports and nearly 400 events. There are also past Olympic sports and sports recognised by the Olympic Movement. SPORTS ON THE OLYMPIC PROGRAMME Click below to discover the sports and disciplines on the programme of the next Olympic Games. UseFlash = 0; Summer sports: Winter sports: Aquatics Archery Athletics Badminton ... Skiing RECOGNISED SPORTS Climbing, bridge, golf, roller skating and surfing are sports that are recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The International Sports Federations (IFs) that administer these sports must ensure that their statutes, practice and activities conform with the Olympic Charter. Learn more OLYMPIC SPORTS OF THE PAST Tug of war, rugby, polo, lacrosse, and golf were once on the Olympic programme. Have a closer look at these sports and discover others that have become a part of Olympic history. Learn more WINTER SPORTS Discover the technique of all Olympic disciplines with flash animations.

30. DJournalist- Trinidad And Tobago-Olympic History 1 of mostly African countries due to the presence of New Zealand, whose rugby teamhad toured South Africa. In spite of this, the olympic spirit persevered and http://djournalist.tripod.com/olympichistory.htm

Get Five DVDs for $.49 each. Join now. Tell me when this page is updated Trinidad and Tobago Olympic Committee By TERENCE HILTON-CLARKE Part 1 Monday , June 22, 1998 FIFTY YEARS HAVE PASSED since Trinidad and Tobago began its Olympic journey. A half century since a team of three athletes travelled to the 1948 games in London with the aim of attaining glory for a small British colony. With the exception of 1960, the last five decades have seen this nation represented in 12 Olympiads with a total of 90 athletes in eight different disciplines: badminton, boxing, cycling, shooting, swimming, track and field, weightlifting and yachting. It wasn't until the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo that Trinidad and Tobago returned to the fold as an independent nation with a team of ten competitors. It was on the athletic track that the greatest prosperity was attained. Edwin Roberts, an outstanding collegian with the University of North Carolina, made it to the final of the 200m where he earned a bronze medal. The 1972 Olympic Games in Munich saw two important records being established. Trinidad and Tobago fielded its largest ever contingent of 20 athletes, among whom a female sprinter, Laura Pierre was included for the first time. Once again, the top performances came on the athletic track.

31. Melbourne Storm Victorian public who were not used to rugby league's mid the least successful inthe Storm's history, missing the a decision to move base from olympic Park to http://rl1908.com/Clubs/Melbourne-Storm.htm

Melbourne Storm The spread of the rugby game throughout the 19th century finally reached Victoria in 1888 when teams from North Melbourne and Melbourne met. The match was held in the lead up to the visit of Stoddart's English rugby team to Melbourne during their Australian tour. Stoddart's team ended up playing more Victorian Rules games than rugby while in the state, winning more than half their games. The English played Carlton at the MCG in front of 25,000 and also against South Melbourne, Fitzroy, Essendon and Port Melbourne. Victoria sent its first rugby team to Sydney to play NSW in 1889. The Victorian captain F.L. Scarborough, speaking at Sydney dinner for his team, said: "I regret to say there is not a single native-born Victorian in the team." Ironically, 108 or so years later similar words were spoken about the first Melbourne rugby league club in the NRL. NSW and Victoria paid visits to each other in 1894 and 1895, with the VIctorians winning the first game. Great Britain played against Victoria on their 1899 tour, but the rugby game then withered and disappeared.

32. Taralga Rugby Union Club - Club History Club history rugby Union was first established in Taralga 1886 as nothing tends tomake the rugby game more the match against Taralga on the olympic ground on http://taralgarugby.rugbynet.com.au/generic.asp?page=848

33. Journal Of Olympic History Magazine Index rugby Football at the olympic Games, Ian Buchanan,12 14, http//www.aafla.org FurtherThoughts on Some Issues of Early olympic history, David C. Young, 29 - 41, http://www.aafla.org/index/JOHIndex.html

AAF Home All AAF Journals Search Page Journal of Olympic History (formerly Citius, Altius, Fortius) Index 1992-1999 Volume 1 No 1 Table of Contents, 2 http://www.aafla.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1a.pdf Honorary President's Message: Praise to The Olympic Athletes,Erich Kamper, 3 http://www.aafla.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1b.pdf President's Inaugural Message,Ian Buchanan, 4 http://www.aafla.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1c.pdf Message from the Secretary-General,Bill Mallon, 5 - 6 http://www.aafla.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1d.pdf Baseball in the Olympics, Pete Cava, 7 - 15 http://www.aafla.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1e.pdf A Look at Olympic Costs, C. Frank Zarnowski,16 - 32 http://www.aafla.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1f.pdf Olympic Ice Hockey - Goal Scoring Records, 33 http://www.aafla.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1g.pdf Work in Progress, 34 http://www.aafla.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1h.pdf Book Reviews, 35 http://www.aafla.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1i.pdf ISOH Members Biographies, 35 http://www.aafla.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv1n1/JOHv1n1j.pdf

34. ? ? ? Largest olympic Stadium in history. olympic Venue for Preliminary matches, both Womens'Medal matches and Used for major rugby league, rugby union and soccer http://www.soccer4u.co.kr/sd3.htm

35. Topics In Sport - History & Sociology olympic Review, Olympika, Journal of olympic history, Journal of Links Links to majorsports history associations. SPORTS RL1908 The rugby League Hall of Fame. http://www.ausport.gov.au/info/history.htm

Other Topics Looking for Sport Information? INTRODUCTION This page includes: FULL TEXT RESOURCES ORGANISATIONS LINKS SPORTS FULL TEXT Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles This excellent site provides online access to articles from - Australian Society for Sports History Bulletin, Sporting Traditions (Australia), Olympic Review, Olympika, Journal of Olympic History, Journal of Sport History. After entering this site, enter the keywords and click on search. Many online articles are available on the history and sociology of sport in Australia and other countries. Sociology of Sport Online ORGANISATIONS Australian Society for Sports History International Society for the History of Physical Education and Sport British Society of Sports History North American Society for Sport History ... International Society of Olympic Historians LINKS Scholarly Sports Sites History Links Links to major sports history associations SPORTS RL1908: The Rugby League Hall of Fame Want more information on Sports History and Sociology.....

36. Australian Sports Commission Board earlier careers as a schoolteacher and the coach of a leading rugby league team ratedas one of the greatest male swimmers in Australian olympic history, he is http://www.ausport.gov.au/asc/board.htm

Board of the Australian Sports Commission The Australian Sports Commission is governed by a Board of Commissioners who are appointed by the Federal Minister for Sport The current Commissioners are: Mr Peter Bartels (Chairman), Mr Alan Jones AM (Deputy Chairman), Mr Cory Bernardi, Ms Michelle Ford-Eriksson MBE, Ms Margot Foster, Mr Roy J Masters, Mr Kieren Perkins OAM, Mr Charles 'Chilla' Porter, Ms Karin Puels, Ms Pamela Tye OAM, Mr John Eales AM, Ms Helen Williams AO (ex-officio). Mr Peter Bartels (Chairman) FAISM, FRS Peter was formerly a chief executive officer and managing director of a number of leading public companies. He is currently a director of the Melbourne Business School and chairman of the Central City Studios Pty Ltd. Mr Alan Jones AM (Deputy Chairman) BA, AEd (Qld), SDES (Oxon) Mr Alan Jones AM (Deputy Chairman) BA, AEd (Qld), SDES (Oxon) A public speaker of wide acclaim, Alan is a current affairs commentator and host presenter for national breakfast radio and television programs. He has received numerous awards for his contribution to the radio industry. Alan has a long association with sport as a former Australian rugby coach and rugby league coach of Balmain and South Sydney. Mr Roy. J Masters

37. BlackStump Sports The olympic Movement IOC Home Page; Ancient olympics; FINA; Athletes Honda SportTouring Association; HSV history Site; Australian National Drag Racing rugby. http://www.blackstump.com.au/sportsf3.htm

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38. Springfield Rugby Football Club of having won the only rugby championships at the olympic Games in 1920 and rugbyHOTLINE 417875-6474 Home Schedule News history Roster Reports http://www.springfieldrugby.com/origins.html

Find out more about Rugby in Springfield..... THE ORIGINS OF RUGBY FOOTBALL From 1800 to 1900. Rugby football began as a game played at Rugby School, England. In 1800 it was still informal and unorganised where violence and physical force were tolerated. These early rules were few and variable and it was often hard to tell the difference between players and spectators. Furthermore there was little attempt to make games 'fair' or sides 'equal'. A century later Rugby Football was a modern sport and just like other sports it had developed its own distinctive terminology , written laws and national organisations throughout the world including the USA . Play was specialised and scientific with records being kept of team and player performance. Rugby had developed many distinctive features - running with the ball , H-shaped goal posts, the try at goal , an oval ball, and rugby dress such as jerseys and caps . In the space of 100 years a playground game had become an institution and the object of the game had been established.

39. Bigchalk: HomeworkCentral: Sports Rules & Histories (Sports) history of New Zealand rugby; Rules SOFTBALL; World Book Online Article on WorldBook Online Article on WEIGHTLIFTING; olympic history weightlifitng WRESTLING; http://www.bigchalk.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/WOPortal.woa/Homework/High_School/Spo

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40. IOA - 7th International Postgraduate Seminar On Olympic Studies The second section of this paper simply elaborates on the short history of rugbyin the However, rugby appeared in only three more olympic games (London http://www.geocities.com/olympic_seminar7/summary/sread.htm

AN ARGUMENT FOR RUGBY IN THE OLYMPICS Paper presented at the 7 th International Postgraduate Seminar on Olympic Studies, IOA Scott A. Read USA Summary The game of Rugby Football is popular with both players and fans worldwide. The governing body of rugby, The International Rugby Board (IRB), has nearly 100 member countries including the populous People’s Republic of China. The global popularity of the game has made the Rugby World Cup the fourth largest sporting event in the world just behind the Olympics. Most people do not realize that the history of the Olympics and that of rugby have overlapped in action and ideology. This paper argues that by precedents and principles, rugby would be an ideal addition to the contemporary Olympics. The fist section of this paper discusses the development of Rugby Football. It can be argued that most cultures had some form of ballgame in their history. The Greeks had episkyros and the Romans had harpastum . The origins of football games, which include both rugby and soccer, can be traced back to traditional folk games of pre-Industrial England. The development of rugby can be divided into five overlapping stages, from the 14

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