41. PRIMATE RESEARCH IN SOUTHERN MEXICO Primate Laboratory Estación Research areas encompassed in the study of wild primates in southern Mexicoby our research team (activate link for details in each area), http://www.primatesmx.com/primexenglish.html

P RIMATE RESEARCH IN SOUTHERN MEXICO Primate Laboratory Estación de Biología "Los Tuxtlas", Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México The purpose of our research program with wild primate populations in southern Mexico is to gather basic information about the size of wild primate populations in the geographical regions of interest, the feeding habits and use of space of selected populations, (3) the ways in which the primates participate in the dynamics of the tropical rain forest and to diagnose the conservation status of wild populations. We hope these efforts will contribute important and new information about the natural history, demography, ecology and behavior of the three species of wild primates ( Alouatta pallliata, A. pigra and Ateles geoffroyi ) that exist in Mexico. These species are the northernmost Neotropical primates in the continent and little is known about them. Such information is fundamental to promote the conservation of the species and to understand their responses to changes in the distribution of their natural habitat as a result of human activity.

42. The Animals - Singapore Zoological Gardens Tall trees, long wild grasses, gingers, palms and bamboo are used to recreate a theinhabitants of the Primate Kingdom, we also display primates including two http://www.zoo.com.sg/openzoo/animal/c-prim.htm

Free Ranging Spacious orang utan enclosure Lazing around In deep thought Ah Meng - the Sumatran orang utan Orang Utans The Singapore Zoo displays a large social group of 26 orang utans in a spacious naturalistic enclosure. Though not the only zoo in the world to display a social group of orang utans, we are the only ones who have done so on such a large scale. The provision of a large enclosure and lots of climbing platforms allow the orang utans to get away from their group members and enjoy moments of peace when needed. The platforms not only allow the apes to develop their natural climbing skills but also serve as escape routes for them should fighting break out. These highly intelligent animals have to be kept occupied or boredom will consume them, which occurs ever so often in captivity. We keep the orang utans busy through the use of a technique known as behavioural enrichment The ability to breed is a good indication of the state of physical and emotional health of a zoo animal, and we are proud to have bred a total of 21 orang utans to date. We have sent some of our orang utans to zoos in Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Japan, Australia and New Zealand as part of the worldwide exchange programme to facilitate breeding of this highly endangered ape. Ah Meng, the Sumatran orang utan

43. Reflections Primates Online - Primates As Pets Private Ownership of primates. All nonhuman primates are wild animals. Travelto Africa, Asia, or Central/South America and see primates in the wild. http://www.primates-online.com/primates/reflections/petprimates.html

44. BIOSIS | Resource Guide | Mammalia - Primates in April 1978 as Tsukuba annex of the NIH Japan to reproduce higher quality nonhumanprimates for biomedical research and to preserve wild animal resources. http://www.biosis.org/zrdocs/zoolinfo/mam_prim.htm

Pull Down for Destinations BIOSIS Previews Zoological Record MethodsFinder Index to Organism Names Internet Resource Guide for Zoology User Support Search Sitemap Index Help with this Site Resource Guide Introduction About the Resource Guide Awards Latest Additions ... African Primates hear and see them American Journal of Primatology official journal of the American Society of Primatologists American Society of Primatologists Animal Diversity Web University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Annotated bibliography on Environmental Enrichment for Non-Human Primates University of Missouri-Columbia introductory training course in evolutionary theory and primate evolution Ape Alliance an international coalition of organisations and individuals, working for the conservation and welfare of apes Asociación Primatológica Española (APE) Associazone Primatologica Italiana (API) Aye-Aye's Primate Primer pictures and introductory information about monkeys and apes Australian Primatological Society Balikpapan Orangutan Society (BOS) helps sponsor a reintroduction program for confiscated orangutans on Borneo California Regional Primate Research Center (CRPRC) Caribbean Primate Research Center (CPRC) a research, training and education unit of the University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Medical Sciences Campus

45. Stock Photography Of Primates And Other Wild Animals Stock Photography of primates and other wild animals from OnlinePhotoSearch.com- part of The Stock Solution Photo Network IMAGE SUBJECT Animals Additional http://www.tssphoto.com/ops_html/E1335A.html

Stock Photography of Primates and other wild animals - from OnlinePhotoSearch.com - part of The Stock Solution Photo Network IMAGE SUBJECT Animals Additional keywords associated with these images: monkeys apes orangutan chimpanzee owl bison mandrill zoos life travel herbivores GAPE0020 GAPE0030 GBIR0988 GBIS0122 GAPE0017 sosol gcran (Refer to # directly under image) Request a Custom Price Quote Power Search find a zillion photos using keywords Categories Search by Subject category Free Custom Services: Order an OPS Custom Search ...with search results e-mailed to you. Still can't find the right image? Maybe we can find it for you with our additional resources. What is an OPS ("Off-line Photo Search")? Order a Design Proof ...when you need more image detail to make a decision, or a larger F.P.O. ("for position only") "comp" image for mock layout presentations to your client. Example of a "Design Proof". Subscribe to T HE S TOCK S OLUTION'S Stock Photo Update Mailing List Join our mailing list! Get stock photography updates about FREE catalogs and new image selections online. No invasive personal inform-

46. Monkeyland Primate Sanctuary Plettenberg Bay Garden Route Adventures South Afric The Bushmeat crisis in Central Africa will see the extinction of allknow wild primates within 12 years at its current momentum. http://www.monkeyland.co.za/interview.html

Interview by Alan Aspinal at Monkeyland "Today we are interviewing Tony Blignaut the CEO of Monkeyland Primate Sanctuary here in Plettenberg Bay: Hello Tony, quite a place you have here, whatever motivated you to start a sanctuary like this? ". "Thank you Alan, yes it is indeed! The motivation was born out of my concern for the plight of primates". I was, and remain convinced that not enough is being done to protect primates." Alan- "Tony when you say protect primates, what exactly do you mean?" Tony- "Well lets look at the bigger picture, primate habitats are shrinking at an alarming rate throughout the world. Deforestation and the unsustainable use of forest resources has and continues to be the greatest factor contributing to our vanishing wildlife. Primates suffer double jeopardy, they are so humanlike, that they have been singled out more than any other species to be used in experiments, exploited for the pet trade and in many countries hunted for their pelts and meat."

47. Monkeyland Primate Sanctuary Plettenberg Bay Garden Route Adventures South Afric the plight of captive primates, but we are also involved with TAMHF in the creationof sustainable sanctuaries for the preservation of wild primates species. http://www.monkeyland.co.za/vision.html

Mission Statement Our mission at Monkeyland is to give sad stories happy endings. These always revolve around primates who have invariably been subjected to confinement be it in cages, laboratories or even at experiment facilities, from which we are able to rescue them. Wherever we can, and where funds are available, we rescue primates from these conditions and offer them new freedom in one of our sustainable sanctuaries. enough to reach Monkeyland the first of these sanctuaries, is the driving force behind the work we do. Not only do we concern ourselves with the plight of captive primates, but we are also involved with TAMHF in the creation of sustainable sanctuaries for the preservation of wild primates species. Our mission is thus to make the world a better place for primates; after all they are our closest living relatives. Vision for the Future In the face of the unbelievable odds stacked against the survival of most primate species in the wild, it is difficult to imagine that more than a small percentage of the current species will

48. Wild Ventures - BooksDetailPage THE PICTORIAL GUIDE TO LIVING primates The first thing that strikes any reader isthe sheer diversity of the primate order and how colorful the primates are. http://www.wildventures.com/asp/wc_books_details.asp?BookId=4

49. Polyandry In Primates Cooperative polyandry among primates.Category Society Relationships Polygamy Polyandry...... They're only primates who twin routinely. This was based on a few things there'sonly one breeding female per group in the wild and also polyandry was pretty http://www-personal.umich.edu/~phyl/anthro/polyandry.html

Cooperative Polyandry Definition: "Groups in which two or more males mate with a single female during a single breeding season and collaborate to raise her offspring" Expectation of Polygyny and Selfish Behavior Cooperative polyandry seems to fly in the face of expectations in two ways- First of all, males are expected to raise their reproductive success by gaining access to females. Females don't maximize reproductive success by getting more males! Secondly, it looks like altruism- one of the males is taking care of offspring not related to him! Why is he being a sucker Cooperative polyandry is pretty rare for these reasons. It occurs in scattered animals- some raptors like hawks and eagles have polyandrous mating systems. Also african hunting dogs. In primates, humans in Asia with traditional cultures have polyandrous mating systems, usually for much the same reasons as callitrichids do, who are the only non-human polyandrous primates. Only a few have been studied; common marmoset, cottontop tamarin, golden tamarin, saddleback tamarin. Cooperative Polyandry in Callitrichids Characteristics of callitrichids They're the smallest of anthropoid primates; all under 1kg. Generally territorial. Diet is mixed- fruit and small prey items. Some eat gums, especially the marmosets who are specialized gummivores. Another important feature is that they produce twins- about 80% of births are twins. They're only primates who twin routinely.

50. Primates National Zoo/ FONZ 315,000 in 1990). The estimate of the wild population of orang utansin Sumatra was 6,500 in 1999 (down from 12,000 in’93). The last http://natzoo.si.edu/Animals/Primates/Conservation/OrangutanConservation/default

Home Orang utan Conservation Saki Monkey Born in Small Mammal House How lemurs got their name What Primates Think Fall of the Wild: Selling Animals as Meat Think Globally, Act Locally National Zoo Accreditation Gibbon Conservation Gorilla Conservation Lemur Conservation ... O LineCam Related Resources Think Tank Ape Etiquette Gorilla Watching First Words Chipping Away (tool use) Once widespread in Asian tropical forests, orang utans now live only on Sumatra and Borneo, where forest loss is the greatest threat to their existence. Naturally occurring forest fires and those set by farmers and large companies to clear the way for plantations of oil palm, fast-growing pulpwood, and other crops, devastate forests. The destruction spreads even further during dry years. In 1997, an area the size of New Jersey burned in Indonesia, and many of the fires occurred in orang utan habitat. Large reserves and strictly enforced wildlife protection laws are needed to keep orang utans safe from extinction.

51. Primates: Orangutans National Zoo/ FONZ Size Orang utans are Asia's largest primates. Researchers have documentedmore than 400 different foods eaten by wild orang utans. http://natzoo.si.edu/Animals/Primates/Facts/FactSheets/Orangutans/default.cfm

Home Primate Facts Orang utans Saki Monkey Born in Small Mammal House How lemurs got their name What Primates Think Fall of the Wild: Selling Animals as Meat Think Globally, Act Locally National Zoo Accreditation The Unique Characteristics of Primates Gibbon Facts Gorilla Facts ... O LineCam Related Resources Think Tank Orang utan Order Primates Family Pongidae Genus and Species Pongo pygmaeus The world's largest tree-dwelling animal, the orang utan relies upon its intelligence and well-adapted body to survive in the tropical rainforest. Physical Description These orangish-red-haired apes have long arms and curved hands and feet, which they put to good use when traversing the treetops. Older orang utans usually move through the trees on all fours, while young ones often brachiate, or swing hand over hand. Males have longer hair than females and disc-like cheek pads. Both sexes have throat pouches that make their calls resonate through the forest. The males' pouches are more developed. Orang utans crush tough foliage and hard-shelled nuts with their strong teeth and jaws. Two subspecies exist:

52. Bossou, Guinea BIBLIOGRAPHY primates. Sugiyama, Y., Fushimi, T., Sakura, O. Matsuzawa, T. (1993). Handpreference and tool use in wild chimpanzees. primates. 34 151159. http://weber.ucsd.edu/~jmoore/apesites/Bossou/BossouBibAu.html

Bossou Bibliography By author; click to see arranged by date Chimpanzees in Western Africa Derrick, R. (1994). Culture in a nutshell: Chimp gives lessons in learning. BBC Wildlife Magagine. Primatology Today . Amsterdam: Elsevier. Pan African News. Am. J. Primatol. J. Comp. Psychol. Kortlandt, A. (1986). The use of stone tools by wild-living chimpanzees and earliest hominids. J. Hum. Evol. Primates. Chimpanzees in the wild, Guinea 1966-1967: Sixth Netherlands chimpanzee expedition. (Transcripts of film/video texts) . Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam. Matsuzawa, T. (1991). Nesting cups and metatools in chimpanzees. Beh. Brain Sci. Chimpanzee Cultures . Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Great Ape Societies . Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. Matsuzawa, T. (1997). The death of an infant chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea. Pan Africa News. Primates. Reaching into Thought: the Minds of the Great Apes . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Primatology Today . Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers. Sakura, O. (1994). Factors affecting party size and composition of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) at Bossou, Guinea. Int. J. Primatol.

53. Bossou, Guinea BIBLIOGRAPHY 13 127169. 1993. Sugiyama, Y., Fushimi, T., Sakura, O. Matsuzawa, T. Handpreference and tool use in wild chimpanzees. primates. 34 151-159. 1993. http://weber.ucsd.edu/~jmoore/apesites/Bossou/BossouBibDa.html

Bossou Bibliography By date; click to see arranged by author Vakblad voor Biologen. 1968. Sugiyama, Y. Social organization of chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda. Primates. Chimpanzees in Western Africa Primates. Primates. Chimpanzees in the wild, Guinea 1966-1967: Sixth Netherlands chimpanzee expedition. (Transcripts of film/video texts) . Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam. 1981. Sugiyama, Y. Observation on the population dynamics and behavior of wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea, 1979-1980. Primates. 1984. Sugiyama, Y. Population dynamics of wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea, between 1976 and 1983. Primates. 1986. Kortlandt, A. The use of stone tools by wild-living chimpanzees and earliest hominids. J. Hum. Evol. Primates. Primates. 1988. Sugiyama, Y. Grooming interactions among adult chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea, with special reference to social structure. Int. J. Primatol. Folia primatol. 1989. Sugiyama, Y. Description of some characteristic behaviors and discussion on their propagation process among chimpanzees of Bossou, Guinea. pp. 43-7 IN Sugiyama, Y. (Ed.), Behavioral studies of wild chimpanzees at Bossou, Guinea

54. Star Magazine wild Life % End Page Title% . Volume Number % Vol 1 Num 82 % EndVolume Number % , November 22, 2002. % 5% Text Table% , Threatened primates http://www.dailystarnews.com/magazine/2002/11/04/wildlife.htm

Wild Life Vol 1 Num 82 November 22, 2002 Home Index Cover Story Column ... The Daily Star Threatened Primates of Bangladesh By Kh. Ismat Hasan Jahid Human, Monkey, Langur, Gibbon and Loris all are the members of the same order Primates. Even 50 years ago these primates specially from monkey to Loris, were found in Bangladesh in a very consistent number. But day by day their number decreased in gradual succession and right now almost all of them are threatened. These mammals are now the members of the IUCN (The World Conservation Union) Red List of threatened animals. Mammals are on the red list of the World Conservation Union. The Red Lists of plants and animals all over the world are an inventory of threatened species whose number are dwindling due to various reasons. The species are usually categorised under different levels of threats towards extinction, such as, Vulnerable, Endangered and Critically Endangered and so on. Such categories of threat levels provide an assessment of the likelihood of extinction under the current circumstances. Thus, listing of a species in a higher risk category implies its higher level of threat towards extinction. These lists are also designed to generate attention to the disappearing species and the conservation needs to protect them. IUCN Bangladesh took the initiative to prepare a Red List of the threatened vertebrates at the national level by realising that the rich biodiversity of Bangladesh was under increasing threat and there existed very little data on the actual status of the threatened species.

55. EBRA (European Biomedical Research Association, EBRA Bulletin for using primates and they have focused their main activities on secondary issues,such as supply and transport of primates, the use of wildcaught animals http://www.ebra.org/bulletin/july02_96.html

EBRA Bulletin July 1996 The supply and use of primates in the EU One of the more important animal research issues being discussed in Europe is the supply and use of non-human primates in research and testing. The figures published in the 1991 European Union (EU) statistics show that there were 8,545 such primates used in the EU that year, with the majority being used in the UK, Germany and France. The use of primates The objections to the use of primates comes mostly from campaigning groups who have targeted this issue. However, the scientific justification for using primates cannot be so easily dismissed. A number of areas of virology (including some AIDS research and vaccine development and testing), biotechnology product development and neurobiology research are currently completely dependent on the use of non-human primates. The pressure against primate use has received some support from more respected voices but the arguments presented have not been found convincing. Indeed, it is likely that even the campaigning groups recognise the strength of the scientific justification for using primates and they have focused their main activities on secondary issues, such as supply and transport of primates, the use of wild-caught animals, etc to put pressure on the main issue.

56. KSBK Helps Confiscate Primates In Jakarta wildlife conservation. We believe that essentially all primates offeredfor sale in our country’s bird markets are wildcaught. http://www.ippl.org/01-03-25.html

International Primate Protection League SINCE 1973: WORKING TO PROTECT GIBBONS AND ALL LIVING PRIMATES KSBK Helps Confiscate Primates in Jakarta by Rosek Nursahid November 2002 KSBK (Animal Conservation for Life) has been very successful in its recent work to recover endangered animals that are being kept or sold illegally in Indonesia. August 2002 was an especially busy month for our organization. KSBK members with confiscated gibbon Java’s dismal "bird markets" One of the primary activities of KSBK is to place constant pressure on the Indonesian government to enforce wildlife protection laws. In Indonesia, as elsewhere, the illegal trade in wild animals has been a serious threat to wildlife conservation. We believe that essentially all primates offered for sale in our country’s "bird markets" are wild-caught. Indonesia’s "bird markets" are actually open-air animal markets, where mammals and reptiles of all descriptions-as well as birds-are sold for use as pets or meat under miserable conditions. Primates such as orangutans, siamangs, gibbons, slow lorises, and ebony langurs are freely traded at Javanese bird markets. The two largest bird markets in Java are Pramuka and Barito. Both are located in Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital city.

57. Primate Store - Plush Kianga Colobus Monkey - 17inch (wild Republic) Meet Kianga. Kianga is a colobusmonkey. Colobus monkeys are African long-tailed, tree-living primates. http://www.our-pets.net/primatestore/primate_plush.htm

SHOPPING View Cart Diets Treats Supplements ... Jewelry INFORMATION I Want A Monkey! Primate Species Diet Housing ... Primates on TV FUN Monkey Stories Clip Art Word Puzzle Monkey Puzzles ... Monkey Humor Plush CheChe - Vervet - 17inch (Wild Republic) MEET CHECHE. His name means "small thing" in Africa. Indeed, Cheche is not big and strong like many of the other animals. He knows that he should not be judged by his size, but by his deeds. Nowhere can be found a more earnest and noble animal, of any size. So Cheche holds his head up high (though not as high as the other animals!) As the African proverb says, "In the great river there are large and small fish." CHECHE IS A VERVET MONKEY. Because of their relative small size, vervet monkeys have many natural predators. Leopards and other cats hunt vervets. Crocodiles target these monkeys. Birds of prey swoop down and grab vervets. Some snakes wait under trees for unsuspecting vervets (African pythons swallow them whole!). Vervets live in Africa from Senegal to Somalia. Reach down and shake their hand hello. each- Qty: NEW!

58. DSS Skin Centre African Jungle Bears Big Cats Birds Elephants Farm Life Horses Insects Reptiles Pets primates Sea Life wild Life Wolves . Animals. http://www.ds-sensation.nl/skin/animal_primates.htm

Home African Jungle Bears Big Cats ... Wolves Page Visitors: This page last update was: Monday, September 25, 2000 2:39 PM Like to know when we Update ? Subscribe to our mailing list! Home Total Skins Questions? skin@ds-sensation.nl DSS Site Guestbook Sponsors

59. Primates Program Annual Memberships Gift Shop and Snack Bar Aviary primates Amazonian Rain Forest Hangin' with Orangs wild Monkey Swimming http://www.monkeyjungle.com/primates.htm

Up About Us In The News Rates and Hours of Operation ... Aviary [ Primates ] Amazonian Rain Forest Hangin' with Orangs Wild Monkey Swimming Pool Archeological Discoveries ... Aviary [ Primates ] Amazonian Rain Forest Hangin' with Orangs Wild Monkey Swimming Pool Archeological Discoveries Monkey Jungle - Where Humans Are Caged and Monkeys Run Wild! 14805 Southwest 216th St. Miami, FL 33170

60. Extinction Risk For 1 In 3 Primates, Study Says The Top 25 Most Endangered primates Foreseen By 2030 Bush Meat Crisis Needs UrgentAction, Group Warns UN Launches Campaign to Save Last wild Great Apes http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/10/1008_021008_primates.html

Sign up for our free e-mail newsletter Also see: Today's Top Stories This Story E-mail this story Sponsored in part by Extinction Risk for 1 in 3 Primates, Study Says National Geographic News October 8, 2002 One in every three of the world's apes, monkeys, lemurs, and other primates is now endangered with extinction, according to a report released this week by Conservation International (CI) and the Primate Specialist Group of the World Conservation Union (IUCN). Primate species and sub-species classified as "critically endangered" and "endangered" jumped nearly two-thirds from 120 to 195 since the initial report was issued in January 2000. Asia now accounts for almost half of the world's most endangered primates, with 11 listed in the top 25, including six that are new additions. Africa (eight), central and South America (three), and Madagascar (three) are home to the other primates on the list. These include the Sumatran orangutan of Indonesia, the mountain gorilla of Africa, and northern muriqui of Brazil. The Natuna banded leaf monkey, (

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