41. European Polecat, Mustela Putorius population genetics, feeding tactics, home range, activity, conservation and a bibliography with online abstracts. http://sciences.univ-angers.fr/ecologie/Polecat_project.html

The European Polecat Mustela putorius En français Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale Faculté des Sciences Thierry Lodé Breeding in Harriers Brown to dark brown in fur, the European polecat Mustela putorius L. 1758 has generally a yellowish patch on the face giving the impression of a bandit's mask. Polecats are bigger than weasels but exhibit an important sexual dimorphism ( = 1.75). Adult sizes vary from 350 to 450 mm (body length) and in weight 0.7 kg for females to 1.7 kg for males. M. lutreola conservation Related to the Mustelidae family (stoats, otters , badgers, skunks ) polecats are mainly nocturnal and individual animals with a home range of about 1 km . They shelter in cavities in stream banks or under tree roots. Formerly spread throughout the Western Palearctic, polecats are mainly found in woodlands, farmlands and wetlands. The species may breed once a year in May-June and after a gestation of 42 days, three or four pups are cared for by the female. Feeding mainly upon frogs, toads and bank voles, the polecats are also rat destroyers in the wild. Polecats seldom hybridise with the Steppe polecat ( M. eversmanni

42. Human Genetics - Population Genetics HUMAN GENETICS. for 1st YEAR STUDENTS. population genetics. INTRODUCTION. Quizzeson population genetics are available online at our secure Mallard site. http://www.uic.edu/classes/bms/bms655/lesson13.html

HUMAN GENETICS for 1st YEAR STUDENTS POPULATION GENETICS INTRODUCTION Population genetics is also the most widely misused area of human genetics, sometimes bordering on "vigilante genetics," a term coined by Newton Morton. Persons have mistakenly applied population genetics to "prove" race superiority for intelligence and aptitudes, and have misused it in eugenics. As an educated and, I hope, a respected member of your community you must be alert to "vigilante genetics." Population genetics is concerned with gene and genotype frequencies, the factors that tend to keep them constant, and the factors that tend to change them in populations. It is largely concerned with the study of polymorphisms. It directly impacts counseling, forensic medicine, and genetic screening. GENE AND GENOTYPE FREQUENCIES CODOMINANT ALLELES Consider a population of 1000 individuals all typed for the simplest test at the MN blood group locus. At its most simplistic form this locus can be reduced to a codominant system with two alleles M and N. (In reality it is considerably more complex than this but this simple form will suffice for our examples.) Every individual in the population will be either M (having two M alleles), MN (heterozygous), or N (having two N alleles). Suppose the blood typing results were as follows: 300 M individuals, 600MN individuals, and 100 N individuals. You probably want to ask, "What is the gene frequency of the M allele in the above population of 1000 individuals?" I'm glad you're interested!

43. Introduction To Population Genetics - Overhead 1 Introduction to Population and Evolutionary Genetics. Goals of PopulationGenetics. To describe how the frequency of an allele which http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/mcclean/plsc431/overheads/popgen/popgen1.htm

Introduction to Population and Evolutionary Genetics Goals of Population Genetics To describe how the frequency of an allele which controls a trait changes over time To analyze the factors that lead to changes in gene (allele) frequencies To determine how changes in gene (allele) frequencies affect evolution and speciation

44. 123 Genomics - SNPs, Mutations, Population Genetics, Model Organisms, Transgenic SNPs, Mutations and population genetics SNP Databases GeneDis, database.population genetics HuGE Net, Human Genome Epidemiology Network at CDC. http://123genomics.homestead.com/files/snps.html

a Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics Knowledge Base Home Search About this site Contact us ... Other Resources SNPs, Mutations and Population Genetics SNP Databases: GeneDis Human genetic disease database GRAP GPCR mution database HGMD Human gene mutation database at Cardiff HGBASE Human Genic Bi-Allelic SEquences HGVbase Human Genome Variation database HUGO Locus specific mutation database initiative SNP Database of single nucleotide polymorphism at NCBI SNP Consortium Home page of the SNP consortium Mouse SNP Database Mouse SNP database MutBase Mutation spectra database at Yale r-RNA mutation database Ribosomal RNA mutation database CD40 Mutations European CD40L defect database Collagen Mutations Database of human type I and type III collagen mutations Muscular Distrophy Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy mutation database LDL mutations Low density lipoprotein receptor gene in familial hypercholesterolemia P53 mutation database p53 mutation database Population Genetics: HuGE Net Human Genome Epidemiology Network at CDC Genography Human population genetics database Ankara University Mutation database of Turkish population Mutation and Model organisms: ENU mutagenesis project Phenotypes indentified in the mutagenesis project Mouse models of diseases Mouse models at university of Toronto Transgenic Information: Big Blue Transgenic rodents for the study of mutation in animals Transgenics Transgenic and targeted mutant animal database at ORNL TBASE The transgenic and targeted mutation database at the Jackson labs Transgenic and Knockout mice Lots of transgenic related information

45. Andrew T. Beckenbach Associate professor of population genetics and molecular evolution. Current research project, publications and Institute for Molecular Biology and Biochemistry. http://www.sfu.ca/biology/faculty/beckenbach/

Andrew T. Beckenbach, Associate Professor POPULATION GENETICS/MOLECULAR EVOLUTION Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University BSc. Florida Presbyterian College M.S. University of Florida Ph.D. University of California, Riverside Room SSB7153, (604) 291-3441 beckenba@sfu.ca Current Research Program My research is in the fields of population genetics and molecular evolution. The main focus is to understand the mechanisms of evolution at the molecular level. The approaches include both empirical studies of DNA sequence variation in vertebrates and selected invertebrate taxa and the theoretical analysis of sequence differences. Our work has primarily involved the mitochondrial genome for several reasons. In animals, it is small and extremely compact. A great deal of information on the mitochondrial genome is already available, including the complete sequences from more than 20 animal species. The genome is essentially haploid, present in many copies in cells and maternally inherited in most animal species. These features make it particularly easy to study and understand. The mitochondrial genome has been particularly useful in reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships among related species, and at higher taxonomic levels. Ultimately, however, adaptive evolution can be understood only through the study of the nuclear genome. Genetic variation among individuals of populations within species may be assessed by studying highly mutable genomic sequences, such as microsatellites. For phylogenetic analyses, above the species level, more conserved gene regions, such as those coding for protein products, must be analysed. We are conducting population level studies using analysis of mtDNA sequences and microsatellites, in an attempt to understand population structure and subdivision. Using mtDNA sequence comparisons, we are examining the phylogenetic relationships among species of Drosophila, as well as among families of true flies (Diptera) and the orders of insects.

46. Population Genetics population genetics. HardyWeinberg Equilibrium. Let's assume thata population of individuals of the same species mate together. http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Tom/bil160sp98/04_popgen.html

Population Genetics Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Let's assume that a population of individuals of the same species mate together. We will make the following simplifying assumptions: 1) There are no mutations. 2) There is no migration into or out from the population. 3) There are a very large number of individuals. 4) They mate randomly. 5) There is no natural selection Suppose that the probability of a dominant allele "A" is p and the probability of the recessive allele "a" is q. (Remember, probabilities range from to 1.) Of course, we know that p+q = 1 because a particular sperm or egg must either have "A" 0r "a" with 100% certainty unless this gene is located on a sex chromosome. Since the sperm and eggs combine randomly, the chance of a zygote having genotype "AA" is p , of having genotype "Aa" is 2pq, and of having "aa" is q . Just as a given haploid sperm or egg must have either "A" or "a" gives p+q = 1, a given zygote (and the resulting adult) having to have genotype "AA", "Aa", or "aa" gives p + 2pq + q = 1. (You may remember this from algebra as the binomial theorem.)

47. Basics Of Population Genetics population genetics I Random breeding. Ordinary genetics looks at howone selects breeding stock to produce the best possible offspring. http://bowlingsite.mcf.com/Genetics/PopGenI.html

Population Genetics I: Random breeding Ordinary genetics looks at how one selects breeding stock to produce the best possible offspring. Population genetics looks at the statistical distribution of genes in a particular breeding population, such as a breed of dog, and how different kinds of selection can affect that gene distribution. (Increasingly, population genetics also involves looking at the relationship between species by using gene sequencing as a tool.) You can think of ordinary genetics as predicting the phenotypic makup of the next generation, while population genetics predicts the genetic makeup of the breed as a whole, often several generations away. This article is based on the assumption that the population is random breeding - an animal is equally likely to mate with any other animal in the population. This is obviously not really true - a dog in California is much more likely to mate with another California dog than with one in New York, a Great Dane is more likely to mate with another Great Dane than with a Papillion, and many breeders of domesticated animals practice deliberate breeding to relatively close relatives. We'll look at possible effects of this later on (if I get around to it). Random breeding with selection based on a single gene is the simplest case, with which other possibilities can be compared. Unfortunately, I'll have to use a little algebra to do this. I promise I'll try to explain the results in non-mathematical terms.

48. Catalogue Of Molecular Biology Programs AC BC00500 NAME DnaSP DOMAIN Sequence format conversion tools DOMAIN Sequence analysisDOMAIN Sequence tools DOMAIN population genetics DESCRIPTION DnaSP is a http://corba.ebi.ac.uk/Biocatalog/Population_Genetics.html

The BioCatalog Release 6.3 - 25 Jul 2000 Our thanks are there. The name of the site, the words gopher and WWW are links to ftp, gopher and WWW servers WWW Server at URL http://www.bio.ub.es/~julio/DnaSP.html SITE ftp anonymous ftp.ebi.ac.uk SITE Directory /pub/software/dos/dnasp SITE-CONTACT nethelp@ebi.ac.uk SITE DnaSP updates: SITE WWW Server at WWW Server at biom3.univ-lyon1.fr WWW Server at ... WWW Server at URL http://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/lamarc.html OS Source, Linux, NeXT, DUNIX (Alpha), Powermac, Windows95/NT LANGUAGE C VOLUME <2MB REQUIRES - COMMENTS Migrate is part of a loose package named LAMARC AC BC00544 NAME Bottleneck DOMAIN Population Genetics DESCRIPTION Bottleneck is a program for detecting recent effective DESCRIPTION population size reductions from allele data frequencies. AUTHOR Piry S., Cornuet J.M., Luikart G. RA Cornuet J.M. and Luikart G.; RT "Description and power analysis of two tests for RT detecting recent population bottlenecks from allele RT frequency data."; RL Genetics 144:2001-2014 (1997). ADDRESS Laboratoire de Modélisation et de Biologie Evolutive ADDRESS INRA-URLB ADDRESS 488 rue de la Croix-Lavit ADDRESS F-34090 Montpellier ADDRESS FRANCE CONTACT piry@ensam.inra.fr SITE WWW Server at URL http://www.ensam.inra.fr/URLB/bottleneck/bottleneck.html OS Windows95 LANGUAGE Delphi 2.0 VOLUME

49. Jewish Population Genetics resemble not only each other but also Palestinians, Syrians and Lebanese, suggestingthat all are descended from a common ancestral population that inhabited http://www.csulb.edu/~kmacd/genetics.htm

May 9, 2000 Y Chromosome Bears Witness to Story of the Jewish Diaspora By NICHOLAS WADE With a new technique based on the male or Y chromosome, biologists have traced the diaspora of Jewish populations from the dispersals that began in 586 B.C. to the modern communities of Europe and the Middle East. The analysis provides genetic witness that these communities have, to a remarkable extent, retained their biological identity separate from their host populations, evidence of relatively little intermarriage or conversion into Judaism over the centuries. Another finding, paradoxical but unsurprising, is that by the yardstick of the Y chromosome, the world's Jewish communities closely resemble not only each other but also Palestinians, Syrians and Lebanese, suggesting that all are descended from a common ancestral population that inhabited the Middle East some four thousand years ago. Dr. Lawrence H. Schiffman, chairman of the department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies at New York University, said the study fit with historical evidence that Jews originated in the Near East and with biblical evidence suggesting that there were a variety of families and types in the original population. He said the finding would cause "a lot

50. World Congress On Genetics Applied To Livestock Production Conference held every fours years discussing the state of the art in theory of quantitative genetics and population genetics. Includes program, instruction to authors, and registration. http://wcgalp.toulouse.inra.fr/

51. Medical & Population Genetics - WICGR genome center home programs medical population genetics, Medical population genetics. population genetics Group. SNP Discovery Group. http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu/mpg/

genome center home programs The Program in Medical and Population Genetics is focused on genome sequence variation in the human population and its contribution to disease. Our work draws from many disciplines: population genetics, disease and statistical genetics, epidemiology, analysis of biological pathways relevant to disease, genomic technologies, and bioinformatics. One major focus has been to characterize and comprehensively catalogue the common genetic sequence differences between individuals - Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes - that may be a key to understanding individual genetic susceptibility to disease and drug response. Individual projects involve the search for genes involved in type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, reproductive cancers, asthma, and cardiovascular disease. MPG Research Projects Endocrine Group Haplotype Map Group Inflammatory Disease Research Group Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group ... Bioinformatics/Statistical Genetics Group Directory Software Relevant Links Links of general interest People Last modified: Thu Mar 27 09:45:45 EST 2003 Webmaster WICGR Home WI Home Contact Us ... Related Links

52. PopGen HomePage Software that models population genetics with emphasis on genetic drift, selection, and migration. http://cc.oulu.fi/~jaspi/popgen/popgen.htm

Welcome to PopGen 1.0 1. What is PopGen PopGen is a simulation program designed to clarify various population genetic events. It is aimed mainly for teaching purposes. It has been programmed by Jouni Aspi using Microsoft's Visual Basic. The code is based on previous GW-Basic and QuickBasic programs by Jaakko Lumme and Jouni Aspi. 2. General description With PopGen you can simulate some deterministic and stochastic population genetic processes in a simple one locus, two allele system. There are two alleles A1 and A2. Frequency of allele A1 is p and frequency of allele A2 is q. Genotypes of individuals and their frequencies are: Genotype A A A A A A Frequency p q With the models of PopGen you can study how these allele frequencies are affected by: Genetic drift Selection Migration You can also study sample sizes you need to detect significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg proportions, when: The studied population is divided to two subpopulations 2. Allele frequencies are not similar in different sexes 3. The mating is not random, but there is some inbreeding in the population 3. Download PopGen for Windows is now available for Windows 3.x and Windows'95. See

53. Population Genetics Group - Medical & Population Genetics genome center home programs medical population genetics populationgenetics group, population genetics Group. The population http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu/mpg/popgen/

genome center home programs population genetics group Population Genetics Group The population genetics research at the Whitehead Institute focuses on the nexus between population and medical geneticshow an understanding of human genetic variation can be used to facilitate the search for disease genes. Advances in technology in the past decadesequencing and genotyping and computing powermean that some of the outstanding mysteries in human genetics are likely to be demystified in the coming years. The questions we are addressing include: What are the patterns of haplotype structure and linkage disequilibrium in the human genome, and how can they be used to find genes that cause disease? How do human history, recombination rate variation, and natural selection combine to produce the observed patterns of variation? How do genetic patterns (haplotypes) differ across populations and how can these be utilized in disease gene mapping? How can human populations that have been isolated or experienced recent bottlenecks or mixture, be used for disease gene mapping? Our group has a strong focus on studying multiple sclerosis in African Americans: trying to find genes that contribute to the disease, and in general developing techniques for mapping in recently mixed populations. Answering these questions will allow human geneticists to focus on their important work: finding the genes that contribute to major human disease.

54. Welcome To Human Genomic Research @ Moyzis Lab Publications from this lab. See below for search engine, population genetics,Department of Biochemistry at UCI COM, 3D Molecule of the genes we sequenced, http://www.genome.uci.edu/popgenetics.htm

Home People Publications Mirror Site Home People Publications Mirror Site ... Seminar and Figures

55. Donach Plant Breeding Academy Home-page Education, comment and research in plant breeding based on natural genetics, including quantitative population genetics. http://www.donach.ac.nz/

Donach Plant Breeding Academy An independent Academic Centre for Research and Education in Plant Breeding based on Natural Genetics Dr Ian L. Gordon Ph.D.( Syd. ), M.Agr.Sc.( Qld ), Q.D.A.(Hons)( Q.A.H.S.C. Principal Geneticist also: Senior Lecturer in Plant Genetics and Breeding, Massey University Professional: genovir@donach.ac.nz Consultancy: genopro@donach.ac.nz Mail: PO Box 8018, Hokowhitu, Palmerston North, New Zealand Current Research: Quantitative genetics of dihaploids Paper Accepted: Refinements to the inbred genotypic variance Paper Accepted: Patterns of variation in flowering and seeding of meadowfoam Latest Publication: Quantitative genetics of autogamous F2 Current Commentary: The Clone and the Clown Publctns Comment 31 January 2003 Commentary The Clone or the Clown ? The clone is so very news-worthy - so full of science glory and ethics calamity - that it is easy to mistake it for a great advance in genetics. But, like a clown, it is a masquerade! For in fact, genetically it is just standing still. For a clone is but a copy - a genetic copy. True, it may be difficult to

56. Population Genetics Lecture Notes Population Structure Part I. Population Structure Part II. Population StructurePart III. Quantitative Genetics Part I. Quantitative Genetics Part II. http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~whitlock/bio434/LectureNotes/LectureNotes.html

BIO 434 Lecture Notes Lighthouse Introduction Allele frequencies and Hardy-Weinberg Review of Probability Random Genetic Drift ... Quantitative Genetics Part IV Note: The lecture notes are all now available in Woodward Library on reserve, and the notes are available at Copiesmart in the University Village.

57. Basic Population Genetics [MT Dorak] BASIC population genetics. F statistics The F statistics in population geneticshas nothing to do the F statistics evaluating differences in variances. http://dorakmt.tripod.com/evolution/popgen.html

Back to Genetics Back to Evolution Back to Biostatistics Back to HLA ... Homepage BASIC POPULATION GENETICS M.Tevfik Dorak, M.D., Ph.D. Mirror Site (no pop-up ads) G.H. Hardy (the English mathematician) and W. Weinberg (the German physician) independently worked out the mathematical basis of population genetics in 1908. Their formula predicts the expected genotype frequencies using the allele frequencies in a diploid Mendelian population. They were concerned with questions like "what happens to the frequencies of alleles in a population over time?" and "would you expect to see alleles disappear or become more frequent over time?" Hardy and Weinberg showed in the following manner that if the population is very large and random mating is taking place, allele frequencies remain unchanged (or in equilibrium) over time unless some other factors intervene. If the frequencies of allele A and a (of a biallelic locus) are p and q, then (p + q) = 1. This means (p + q) = 1 too. It is also correct that (p + q) = p + 2pq +q = 1. In this formula, p

58. Department Of Natural History - Population Genetics Introduction, population genetics Laboratory Research Group ('TBS genelab').Goals Planktonic food webs. population genetics laboratory. Marine zoobenthos. http://www.ntnu.no/vmuseet/nathist/forskengl/PopuGene.htm

Museum of Natural History and Archaeology Department of Natural History Norsk Research groups and activities Introduction Population Genetics Laboratory Research Group ('TBS genelab') Goals: To understand and describe the single and combined action of the evolutionary forces (mutations, genetic drift, gene flow and selection) in creating the amount and distribution of genetic variation within and between populations of marine species. The effects of species-specific biological traits like e.g. population sizes, demography, and migration patterns on the processes are included in this research on biodiversity. Personnel: Head: Professor Jarle A. Mork Researcher: Scientist Tony Ryan Dr. students: Valeria Mattiangeli, Torkild Bakken Research technicians: M.Sc. (Cand. scient.) students: Usually 4 Research: The research is based on modern molecular methods for the study of inherited variation in proteins (haemoglobins and isozymes) and DNA markers (PCR-able microsatellites, minisatellites, and cDNA RFLP). Computer hardware and software are needed tools for genetic data analyses and numeric simulation of evolutionary processes. Internet web site of 'TBS genelab' . By its very nature, studies of the genetic differentiation in marine species require that the research is international.

59. BIO 304. Ecology & Evolution: Population Genetics http://www.micro.utexas.edu/courses/levin/bio304/popgen/popgen.html

Population Genetics Evolution homepage BIO 304 homepage Biology Courses UT homepage Phenotypic variation in populations Genetic variation in populations Allele frequencies: allele frequency : the proportion of a certain allele within a population. Fact: allele frequency = gene frequency = gametic frequency gene pool : the set of all alleles at all loci in a population. The Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium: The allele and genotypic frequencies remain the same from generation to generation in a population in which there is no mutation no genetic drift (i. e. the population size is infinitely large) no migration. random mating no selection. Moreover, the equilibrium genotype frequencies are given by p2: the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype 2pq: the frequency of the heterozygous genotype q2: the frequency of the recessive genotype. Frequencies for some alleles can be very close to the equilibrium values, such as in the case of the MN alleles in humans. Processes Causing Deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Mutation Genetic Drift Migration Nonrandom Mating ... Selection evolution : changes in allele frequencies in a population.

60. Nature Publishing Group ERROR, There has been an error while processing your request. In mostcases, this is an isolated incident that can be overcome by http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v404/n6777/full/

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