61. Reference Links - American History - Expansion & Manifest Destiny West Development history; pony express Home Station; american Lawmen In Oklahoma;The american West - People Cockeyed Frank's Old West history Page; Department http://www.legislature.state.al.us/misc/guide/student_teacher/reference/ref_amhi

REFERENCE LINKS - AMERICAN HISTORY President Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) The Papers Of Thomas Jefferson (Avalon Project - Yale) "Autobiography", by Thomas Jefferson - Unfinished Text, 1821 (Bibliomania) The Louisiana Purchase - 1803 (Avalon Project - Yale) ... REFERENCE - AMERICAN HISTORY

62. Young Adult Links - United States the people and history of the pony express, including museums and related historicsites. Westweb Study of the american West Western history The Photography http://www.kokomo.lib.in.us/ya_us.html

Civil War Aboard The Underground Railroad American Civil War Homepage Index of Civil War Information On The Internet National Underground Railroad Freedom Center Provides links and research material on the people, the times, and the events surrounding the Underground Railroad. Selected Civil War Photographs This database has hundred of battlefield photographs. It is part of the Library of Congress American Memory project and links with other sites from the project with images, documents, and information on black soldiers and many other Civil War topics. The Underground Railroad Decades 20th Century Decades American Cultural HistoryThe 20th Century Web guides on the decades of the 20th Century Awesome 80s This site is a work in progress but is excellent so far. Decades In 20th Century America Check specific decades 1900s through 1990s. Also lists sites that cover more than one decade. Super 70s This site is a work in progress but is excellent so far. Yesterdayland This site gives a lot of details on the decades (50s thru 90s) in the categories: Saturday morning, prime time, toys, arcade games, movies, pop music

63. Alphabetical Listing Of Network Sites come out of the 1860 american West, the pony express was in service from April 1860to San Diego Historical Society http//sandiegohistory.org history of San http://network.historychannel.com/AlphabeticalList.asp?SCatId=45

64. PLCMC - Gallery L - The Graceful Envelope - Suggested Reading For Kids McCormick, Anita Louise. The pony express in american history. EnslowPublishers, 2001. YA383.143 The author of many american history http://www.plcmc.org/galleryL/gracefulKidsRead.htm

Quick Jump Search the Site The Graceful Envelope - Suggested Reading for Kids A * denotes an item that can be found at PLCMC. The United States Postal Service *Gibbons, Gail. The Post Office Book: Mail and How it Moves . T.Y. Crowell, 1982. This bright, colorful book takes kids ages 4-8 along as a letter is delivered. Johnston, Marianne. Let’s Visit the Post Office . Powerkids Press, 1999. This full-color book explains what the USPS does, how it works and the importance it has in our communities. *Kottke, Jan. A Day With a Mail Carrier . Children’s Press, 2000. Kids from 4 to 8 will enjoy working alongside the mail carrier as he sorts and delivers the mail. Kroll, Steven. Pony Express! Scholastic Trade, 1996. J383.143 Oversize Covers the 18 months that the Pony Express operated between Saint Joseph, Missouri and Sacramento, California. Kids in grades 2-5 should have no problem following this book, illustrated with almost photographic oil paintings. *McCormick, Anita Louise. The Pony Express in American History . Enslow Publishers, 2001.

65. The Early House American History Links Page The american Revolution The history Place american Revolution A Civil War at CharlestownThe Gettysburg Address Western Expansion pony express (Apr 1860 http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Park/8756/americanhistory.html

Native American History Native Visions of the Natural World Clothing used by Native Americans European Exploration Colonial Period and Revolution Mourt's Relation (the first Thanksgiving) Early America LIBERTY! The American Revolution The History Place - American Revolution ... French and Indian War Slavery and Civil War Succession Era Newspaper Editorials Civil War at Charlestown The Gettysburg Address Western Expansion Pony Express (Apr 1860-Oct 1861)

66. The Riders Of The Pony Express of the pony express by JC Pinkerton Although the pony express lasted only Missouriand Sacramento, California, it made an enormous impact on american history. http://yonderdays.bravepages.com/Articles/RidersPony.html

The Riders of the Pony Express by JC Pinkerton Although the Pony Express lasted only 18 months - April 3, 1860 to October 26, 1861 - and covered just 2,000 miles between St. Joseph, Missouri and Sacramento, California, it made an enormous impact on American history. Below is an ad that ran in the ATA California Newspaper in March 1860. "Wanted; young skinny wiry fellows not over eighteen. Must be expert riders willing to risk death daily. Orphans preferred." Although hundreds applied, only eighty were chosen. There was a large turnover because the riders didn't stay long. These were just a few of the many riders: William F. Cody (Buffalo Bill) - Youngest of the riders, being only 12 years old. Although he's been gone for many a year, he holds the record for the longest nonstop ride in the history of the Pony Express. William Dennis Howard Egar William Fisher Johnnie Frye - The object of affection of many women. "Pony" Bob Haslam Sam Hamilton James Hickok (Wild Bill) Jack Keetley Jay G. Kelley - Helped build the roads and also designed a special saddle and saddle bags for the riders. Thomas Owen King Warren Upson "Boston" -Defiant and gutsy.

67. KidsOnline.LifeTips.com some sites to help you learn more about this favorite american president can helpyou learn more about this amazing event in United States history. pony express. http://kidsonline.lifetips.com/PPF/scid/55423/TipSC.asp

68. USCWC -- Casualties, Geography, Geology, Postal Service, And Sports/Leisure Geography as the Setting of american history Geography of of America Stamps andPostal history history of the War Envelopes and Covers pony express The pony http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/cwc/links/links13.htm

Civil War Related Web Links 13 Casualties American War Deaths Battle Statistics: Commanders and Casualties Block Island's Lost Veterans of the Civil War: the Dead Caring for Casualties (Lesson Plans) ... War Crimes or Justice? Gen. Pickett and Mass Execution of Deserters BROKEN LINKS: The Blue and Gray Civil War Statistics Mass Executions in the Confederate Army Fragging Return to the Link Index Geography Geography and the Civil War: An Interdisciplinary Perspective Civil War and the Mason Dixon Line Confederate Mapping Did the Mason-Dixon Line Really Run Through New Jersey? ... Why War Came This Way: Geography's Role at Fredericksburg BROKEN LINKS: Suwannee: River of Treasure Return to the Link Index Geology Geology and the Civil War: An Interdisciplinary Perspective America's Mining Heritage Confederate Niter Production The Confederate Salt Works ... Viewing the Civil War Through a Geological Window BROKEN LINKS: Geology Meets History Rocks and War: Geology and the Civil War Campaign of Second Manassas by Zen and Walker There is GOLD in these hills!

69. The Gold Rush Of California Society of Southern California Quarterly Journal of american history Journal of MagazinePacific Historian Pacific Historical Review pony express pony express http://wwwlibrary.csustan.edu/bsantos/goldrush/GoldTOC.htm

The Gold Rush of California: A Bibliography of Periodical Articles by Robert LeRoy Santos California State University, Stanislaus Librarian University Archivist blsantos@csustan.edu REVISED EDITION 2002 Alley-Cass Publications 2240 Nordic Way Turlock, CA 95382 for California State University, Stanislaus Library/University Archive Turlock, CA Preface While beginning research on the California Gold Rush for the sesquicentennial, much to my surprise I could not locate a bibliography of any kind that listed periodical articles. Seeing this unfortunate oversight, I set out to compile one of my own and disseminate it to libraries, historical societies, and interested researchers. I have done very lengthy bibliographies in the past and know the rigors of the effort; thus, I was not anxious to begin yet another one. But I too knew that one learns much about the topic while doing the research, and yes, it does provide a certain degree of enjoyment and satisfaction which most sane people don't understand, besides how can anyone turn away from such article titles as "The Grave of Ephraim Brown" or "Goodbye God: We're Going to Bodie!"; how about settlement names such as Happy Camp, Poverty Hill, or Hangtown?; and yes, characters such as Joaquin Murieta, James Marshall, and Sam Brannan? No, it is not easy to ignore such a defining moment in western American history. The Gold Rush has really never lost its attraction, its excitement. It was truly a spectacular event where thousands of men, women, and children swarmed California seeking instant wealth. Think of the logistics, the sheer energy, and certainly the insanity of it all where the discovery of a flake of an earthly element caused humanity to lose control for a moment, pack belongings, and trudge thousands of miles into an unknown future. And to extend that thought further, to me,150 years later, who is attracted by the same adventure, but in a milder form, through its literature. So, with this bibliography, I invite you, my dear reader, to join me, and embark on a treasure hunt of the celebrated and notorious California Gold Rush.

70. Preble County District Library Kids Zone american history General american history - 20th Century Amistad Civil Holocaust,Immigration Labor Movement Pilgrims pony express Presidents Revolutionary http://www.pcdl.lib.oh.us/kidszone/geography/american/american.htm

A Web Guide For Kids by the P reble C ounty D istrict L ibrary! The Library Web Guide American History American History - General ... Return to the Preble County District Library

71. Time For Kids | News | Pony Express Rides Again! Ride, pony Ride This year’s reenactment of american history’s most famous Nowwith 830 members, the National pony express Association relives the longer http://www.timeforkids.com/TFK/news/story/0,6260,129630,00.html

Riders get ready for their historic trip. NATIONAL NEWS June 14, 2001 Pony Express Rides Again! More than 500 riders recreate history's most famous mail delivery service Check out the latest TFK headlines Get the inside scoop on our TFK reporters! At noon on June 13, the last of 550 horseback riders galloped into Pony Express Plaza in Old Sacramento, California. They had journeyed for 10 days beginning in St. Joseph, Missouri and covering 1,996-miles through eight states. Why the hurry to get to Old Sacramento? These riders were reliving a very important part of America’s history, following the same trail used by riders for the Pony Express more than 140 years ago. What is the Pony Express? The Pony Express was a mail delivery system which relied on young men on fast horses to carry the nation's mail across the country. During the journey, a rider would change horses six to eight times between one of 157 Pony Express stations. The service operated for just 18 months (between April 1860 and October 1861) and was put out of business when the first cross-country telegraph line reached San Francisco in 1861. Pony Express rider Frank E. Webner used to deliver letters for $5 each in 1861.

72. Nikki's Pony Express - Amish Handcrafted Toys, Furniture, Harness & Carts In All Specializing in Amish handcrafted american Girl pine, and solid oak doll furniture. http://www.nikkisponyexpress.com/

Amsih Handcrafted Wooden Planters www.nikkisponyexpress.net www.nikkisponyexpress.net WWW.NIKKISPONYEXPRESS.COM HAS MOVED TOO: ENTER AMISH HANDCRAFTED TOYS DOLL FURNITURE CHILDREN'S FURNITURE PINE, OAK AND CHERRY FURNITURE NIKKI'S PONY EXPRESS AMISH HANDCRAFTED TOYS DOLL FURNITURE CHILDREN'S FURNITURE PINE, OAK AND CHERRY FURNITURE Secure On-Line Shopping Personal Check or Money Order Accepted Email - kml@nikkisponyexpress.com Call Toll Free - 1 - 866-758-2354 ENTER WWW.NIKKISPONYEXPRESS.COM HAS MOVED TOO: www.nikkisponyexpress.com has moved too: www.nikkisponyexpress.net www.nikkisponyexpress.net Visit Us At Our New Site for Secure Shopping Secure On-Line Shopping Amsih Handcrafted Wooden Planters SPRING SALE - 15 % OFF ALL AMISH PRIDUCTS THRU APRIL 30,2003

73. KidsClick! American History Amistad Slavery Underground Railroad Abraham Lincoln, Civil War Cowboys CowgirlsPony express Labor Movement Immigration american history, Twentieth Century http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/KidsClick!/midamer.html

Geography/History/Biography: American History Go to these specific subjects: American History (General) Pilgrims Colonial Period Revolutionary War ... Vietnam War Search word(s): - or, Advanced Search All fields Web address only Search our 600+ subjects by letter: A B C D ... X-Z http://www.kidsclick.org/

74. A Short History Of The Pony Express And Overland Mail In White Pine County, Neva Even though the pony express is long gone, the memory of this thrilling episode inAmerican history is preserved by the important efforts of modern day riders http://www.webpanda.com/white_pine_county/historical_society/ponyexpress/ponyhis

A SHORT HISTORY OF THE PONY EXPRESS AND OVERLAND MAIL IN WHITE PINE COUNTY, NEVADA Prepared by Glenn Terry and Mike Bunker, April 1998 © Glenn Terry 1998 Somewhere in White Pine County, a long time ago and not too far away, a frontier traveler could have experienced the following event. A solitary rider on horseback appears on the horizon and rapidly approaches. He draws near and makes a brief sign of recognition with a tip of the hat, then quickly recedes from view on the distant horizon . . . . . .Let's go back further in White Pine history to the time before the beginning of the Pony Express. From 1851 to early 1858 overland mail service west of Great Salt Lake City followed the Humboldt River route to northern California, or the Mormon Trail route to southern California. In 1855 Major Howard Egan, a Mormon pioneer and great explorer of the west, laid out a trail through the central portion of the far western states and territories, including White Pine County. This later became known as the Egan Trail, and eventually formed much of the Pony Express Trail. In White Pine County this trail went to the western edge of the Ruby Mountains , then veered northwest to intercept the Humboldt River near Gravelly Ford.

75. Westward Expansion: We Move WEST pony express Info. . . PBS Strasburger Sisters; Homestead Act; Native AmericanDocuments Project; Homestead Act by Today in history; Homestead National Monument. http://www.cybrary.org/westward.htm

home about us contact HOME ... SOCIAL STUDIES Fun Places Cowboy Hall of Fame with Games, Songs, and more General sites . . . . . . . . . Death of a Dream: Farmhouses in the Heartland Tucson's African American heritage Women Pioneers in American Memory A look at American History from the pioneers to today ... Kids Click! Westward Expansion sites Oregon Trail . . . . . . . The Oregon Trail Kids Click! Oregon Trail sites Oregon Trail Conestoga wagons . . . . . . . End of the Oregon Trail Bartleby.com ThinkQuest site Wagons on the Trails West ... Conestoga Area Historical Society Gold Rush . . . . . . . . . Gold Rush Sesquicentennial The Gold Rush California Gold Country PBS: The Gold Rush ... Kids Click! Gold Rush sites Pony Express . . . . . . . . San Francisco Museum Pony Express Museum Pony Express National Historic Trail Pony Express ... Pony Express Info Battle of the Alamo . . . . . . DRTL Alamo History Battle of The Alamo table of contents Homestead Act of 1862 . . . . . PBS: Strasburger Sisters Homestead Act Native American Documents Project Homestead Act by Richard Pence ... Homestead National Monument People of the West . . . . . .

76. Chimney Rock Pony Express Station - Bayard, Morrill County Remains of original sod houses which served as pony express, stage, and 2133 (Scottsbluff/GeringChamber of Commerce)Return to Military history Back Forward. http://www.westnebraska.com/ChimRockPX.htm

C HIMNEY R OCK P ONY E XPRESS S TATION Remains of original sod houses which served as Pony Express, stage, and telegraph station. Wagon ruts are still visible. How to Find It: 2 miles south of Bayard on Highway 26, then 1-1/2 miles west on Oregon Trail Road. Tel: 308.635.2133 (Scottsbluff/Gering Chamber of Commerce) Return to Military History Back Forward Home ... Wildlife

77. National Postal Museum Historic Pictures National Postal Museum Click here for a short history of the National Postal ponyexpress exhibit, Negative number 949448 The pony express section of the http://www.si.edu/archives/historic/postal.htm

Historic Pictures of: General Smithsonian Smithsonian Institution Building Interior of SIB The South Yard The Humanities Anacostia Museum National Air and Space Museum National Museum of American History National Postal Museum The Arts Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden National Museum of African Art ... National Portrait Gallery The Sciences National Museum of Natural History National Zoological Park Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Smithsonian Environmental Research Center ... Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Return to: Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian Institution Archives Institutional History Division Archives Division National Postal Museum Click here for a short history of the National Postal Museum Negative number: 92-15710 The exterior of the former Washington City Post Office Building on Capital Hill which houses the National Postal Museum. Negative number: 92-15699 The Historic Lobby of the former Washington City Post Office Building which houses the National Postal Museum. Negative number: 94-1301 The Atrium of the National Postal Museum with the Moving the Mail exhibit installed.

78. HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATION FROM 1840 TO 1870 From the pony express to Telegraphy. telegraph was Samuel Finley Breese Morse a NorthAmerican inventor and 1844 was a very important day in the history of the http://www2.fht-esslingen.de/telehistory/1840-.html

THE HISTORY OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS FROM 1840 TO 1870 Table of contents: From Pony-Express to Telegraphy Historical overview of the 1840 - 1870 period. 1836 - 1845: NEEDLE TELEGRAPHS Description of a special type of telegraph. 1866: THE TRANSATLANTIC TELEGRAPH From the first submarine cables to transoceanic communication. Back to the Welcome-Page From the Pony Express to Telegraphy back to the top of this page The first idea of telegraphy The word telegraphy comes from Greek. "Tele" means distant and "graphein" to write. So the meaning is writing at a distance. It's a possibility to send news over a long distance. The inventor of the first electric telegraph was Samuel Finley Breese Morse a North American inventor and painter. He had the idea for the concept when he returned to America from Italy on board the "Sully". In his studio at New York University he needed about six years to finish this invention and received a patent for it in 1838. The first message from Washington to Baltimore The 24th of May in 1844 was a very important day in the history of the United States: the first telegraph line was opened twelve years after Samuel Morse Most people were enthusiastic about this invention but not everyone. Farmers destroyed lines in South Kentucky in 1849. They said that the wire would remove the electricity from the air so it would not rain and there would be only crop failures.

79. History Of The Pony Express The pony express was short lived but managed to make a major impact on Americanhistory as well as open up a new frontier for our mail system. http://allsands.com/History/Events/ponyexpresshi_akw_gn.htm

History of the pony express Few people realize the Pony Express only lasted 18 months, from April 3, 1860 to October 26, 1861. The 2,000-mile stretch ran from St. Joseph Missouri (East) to Sacramento, California (West). The government did not run the Pony Express as most people believe but it was run by a private business firm named Russell, Majors, and Waddle. They paid their riders $25.00 per week. Some problems the riders faced: bodyOffer(7286) - Indian raids on relay stations - Severe weather - Natural disasters It's interesting to note that only one rider lost his life in the service of the pony express. The old method: Before gold was discovered in California, ships carried the mail, leaving from the East Coast. They sailed south going around South America and some six months later they would arrive on the West Coast. There are several different stories as to how the Pony Express came to be. California Senator William Gwin suggested a regular mail service using overland routes. In 1853 he introduced his idea to Congress but they did not pass the bill. In Washington Senator Gwin ran into William Russell and Russell liked the idea. Water was hauled to the waystations but there was no pasture grass for the horses. Hay and feed had to be brought in for them but the horse's rations were always plentiful. The grain fed horses of the Pony Express saved their rider's life many times. Because they were healthy they could outrun the Indian ponies.

80. History Of The Pony Express Even in it's short existince The pony express made a huge dent in AmericanHistory and westward expansion. It still mystifies and intrigues today. http://www.angelfire.com/ks2/butterbean72454/History.html

The Pony Express History Page THE FORMATION- The Pony Express was the experimental brainchild of William H. Russell, Alexander Majors,and William Bradford Waddell, thus the name Russell, Majors, and Waddell. It was formed in the hopes of getting a 1 million dollar contract for the parent company of Central Overland California, and Pikes Peak Express Company.It all started on January 27,1860 when William Russell wired his Fort Leavenworth office to say that the Pony Express would start. the time from St. Joeseph, MO to Sacremento, CA was ten days. Thus the call went out and The Pony Express was concieved. THE CALL- The call went out. Signs were posted from that day forward. Many different variations of the original help sign have been made. so we do not know what exactly the original sign said, but it went a little something like this. "Wanted. Young, skinny, wiry fellows. Not over 18. Must be expert riders. Willing to risk death daily. Orphans preferred." THE OATH- Every rider was required to say an oath. "While I am the employ of A. Majors, I agree not use profane language, not to get drunk, not to gamble, not to treat animals cruelly and not to do anything else that is incompatible with the conduct of a gentleman. And I agree, if I violate any of the above conditions, to accept my discharge without any pay for my services."

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