81. Photosynthesis The Site of photosynthesis in Vascular plants. Leaves are the majororgans of photosynthesis in vascular plants. Chloroplasts are http://www.bio.umass.edu/biology/conn.river/photosyn.html

ORIGIN OF THE ORGANIC SOUP For inquiries contact Arthur Stern , Professor Emeritus, Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst Photosynthesis Introduction Photosynthesis evolved over three billion years ago, shortly after the appearance of the first living organisms. The food we eat and the oxygen we breathe are both formed by plants (including algae ) through photosynthesis. The power to drive this reaction comes from sunlight absorbed by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts of plants. At the present time, no known chemical system can be made to serve as a substitute for this process. It has been calculated that each CO molecule in the atmosphere is incorporated into a plant structure every 200 years and that all the O in air is renewed by plants every 2000 years. All life depends directly or indirectly on the sun's energy, and only plants are capable of capturing and converting this energy into chemical energy in the form of sugar and other organic compounds. Thus, if plants should suddenly disappear from the earth, so would we. Our geological heritage of coal, oil, and gas also originated directly or indirectly from photosynthesis, since these fossil fuels were all derived from the remains of living organisms. Our stake in photosynthesis is, therefore, great, since we are not only dependent upon it for the food we eat, but also for many of the goods and most of the energy we use.

82. National Science Education Standards about photosynthesis. She expected most would recall that carbon dioxide, water,sugar, oxygen and sunlight were important and many would recall growing plants http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nses/html/photo6e.html

Photosynthesis In this example, Ms. M. believes that her understanding of the history of scientific ideas enriches her understanding of the nature of scientific inquiry. She also wants the students to understand how ideas in science develop, change, and are influenced by values, ideas, and resources prevalent in society at any given time. She uses an historical approach to introduce an important concept in life science. She provokes an interest in the topic by purposely showing an overhead beyond what is developmentally appropriate for high-school students. Her lecture is interrupted with questions that encourage discussion among students. The research activity, primarily using print material which she has been collecting for a long time, includes discussion. The questions about factors that might influence contemporary research return the students to issues that are of immediate concern to them. [This example highlights some elements of Teaching Standards A and B 9-12 Content Standards A C F and G ; and Program Standard B Ms. M. was beginning the second round of planning for the high-school biology class. She had set aside three weeks for a unit on green plants. Now it was time to decide what would happen during those three weeks. Students came to the class with some knowledge and understanding about green plants, but they still had many questions. As a way to get students to focus some of their questions, and to highlight the interdependence of science and civilization, she was going to begin the unit with a lecture on photosynthesis. Lecturing was something she seldom did. However, the purpose here was not to lay out the details of the photosynthetic process, but to illustrate how the scientific community's knowledge of photosynthesis had changed over time.

83. Photosynthesis During the day the CO 2 is released from the acids and used for photosynthesis. Plantsusing this mechanism of CO 2 fixation are called CAM (Crassulacean Acid http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/education/photointro.html

An Introduction to Photosynthesis and Its Applications By Wim Vermaas Professor, Department of Plant Biology, and Center for the Study of Early Events in Photosynthesis Arizona State University wim@asu.edu http://www.worldandi.com/ The Basics. Sunlight plays a much larger role in our sustenance than we may expect: all the food we eat and all the fossil fuel we use is a product of photosynthesis, which is the process that converts energy in sunlight to chemical forms of energy that can be used by biological systems. Photosynthesis is carried out by many different organisms, ranging from plants to bacteria (Figure 1). The best known form of photosynthesis is the one carried out by higher plants and algae, as well as by cyanobacteria and their relatives, which are responsible for a major part of photosynthesis in oceans. All these organisms convert CO (carbon dioxide) to organic material by reducing this gas to carbohydrates in a rather complex set of reactions. Electrons for this reduction reaction ultimately come from water, which is then converted to oxygen and protons. Energy for this process is provided by light, which is absorbed by pigments (primarily chlorophylls and carotenoids). Chlorophylls absorb blue and red light and carotenoids absorb blue-green light (Figure 2), but green and yellow light are not effectively absorbed by photosynthetic pigments in plants; therefore, light of these colors is either reflected by leaves or passes through the leaves. This is why plants are green.

84. Plants Main Page plants. plants are one of the major kingdoms of living things. Thus it is veryimportant we are informed about plants and how we can help them thrive. http://pittsford.monroe.edu/jefferson/calfieri/plants/PlantsMain.html

PLANTS Plants are one of the major kingdoms of living things. Plants are important to us as they provide us with food, clothing, shelter, medicines, even the air we breathe! They also enhance the environment with their beauty and help other living creatures. Thus it is very important we are informed about plants and how we can help them thrive. The study of plants is called botany. This website contains information, quizzes, links and activities on plants. The quizzes use JavaScript and sounds so it is important that both of these are turned on to get full enjoyment out of this site. If you have any questions or suggestions, email: calfieri@rochester.rr.com Plants Main Page How Plants and Animals Differ Photosynthesis ... Seeds

85. Kingdom Plantae biological life. bacteria are capable of performing photosynthesis, plantsare responsible for most of the photosynthesis done on Earth. http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/life/plantae.html

Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Plantae contains nearly 300,000 different species of plants. Although this does not make it the largest kingdom , many might argue that it just may be the most important one. In the process known as " photosynthesis ", plants use the energy of the Sun to convert water and carbon dioxide into food (sugars) and oxygen. This single chemical reaction provides virtually all the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere and nearly all the food required by living things. Although some protists andIt is a complex chemical process by which plants and other autotrophs create the energy needed for biological life. bacteria are capable of performing photosynthesis, plants are responsible for most of the photosynthesis done on Earth. The ancestors of modern plants evolved in the seas nearly 700 million years ago. Another 265 million years passed before the first plants appeared on land. These early land plants looked very different than the plants you're familiar with today. In fact, many of them lacked true roots, stems, and leaves - the very structures we tend to associate with plants in general! Since then, plants have taken on a variety of forms and are found in most places on Earth. Autumn Foliage Click on image for full size ( 55K jpeg Image courtesy of Corel Photography Last modified April 4, 2002 by the

86. Photosynthesis In photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy. When animals andplants respire, the chemical energy in glucose can be converted into other http://www.sambal.co.uk/photosynthesis.html

Sambal's Science Web Photosynthesis Home Up Green plants are producers . This means that they can survive without animals! They can make lots of organic chemicals from a few simple inorganic chemicals. They need simple things like carbon dioxide and water and can make complex things like sugar, starch, fat, and proteins. Plants get their nutrients from the environment. Carbon dioxide comes from the air (unless they are aquatic plants, in which case they get it from the water surrounding them). They get water from the soil. They also need other inorganic nutrients like nitrate, sulphate and phosphate. A few plants cannot get nitrate out of the soil so they have to eat animals to get the nitrogen which they must have for growth. Animals are consumers ; they cannot carry out photosynthesis. This means that they have to eat other things to get the carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals which they need. When plants are in the sunlight they can make a sugar called glucose. This is slightly different from the sugar (sucrose) which you put into your tea. Glucose contains three chemical elements: Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen All the carbon needed for photosynthesis comes from carbon dioxide.

87. Tips For Dissolved Oxygen - Tech Tips: ® LaMotte Company A second major source of oxygen is aquatic plants, including algae; during photosynthesisplants remove carbon dioxide from the water and replace it with oxygen http://www.lamotte.com/pages/common/techtips/dotip.html

Tech Tips Tips for the testing of Dissolved Oxygen: Dissolved Oxygen Oxygen is critical to the survival of aquatic plants and animals, and a shortage of dissolved oxygen is not only a sign of pollution, it is harmful to the fish. Some aquatic species are more sensitive to oxygen depletion than others, but some general guidelines to consider when analyzing test results are: 5-6 ppm Sufficient for most species Stressful to most aquatic species Fatal to most species Where Does The Oxygen Come From? The oxygen found in water comes from many sources, but the largest source is oxygen absorbed from the atmosphere. Wave action and splashing allows more oxygen to be absorbed into the water. A second major source of oxygen is aquatic plants, including algae; during photosynthesis plants remove carbon dioxide from the water and replace it with oxygen. Absorption: Photosynthesis: In the leaves of plants one of the most important chemical processes on Earth is constantly occurring- photosynthesis. During daylight, plants constantly take carbon dioxide from the air, and, in the presence of water, convert it to oxygen and carbohydrates, which are used to produce additional plant material. Since photosynthesis requires light, plants do not photosynthesize at night, so no oxygen is produced. Chemically, the photosynthesis reaction can be written as: Light + nCO + nH O (CH O) n + nO Light + Carbon Dioxide + Water Carbohydrate + Oxygen Where Does The Oxygen Go?

88. Biology 101: Photosynthesis When its hot and dry, bad things can happen. You lose water. Plantsneed water for photosynthesis and to keep themselves erect. http://niko.unl.edu/bs101/notes/lecture6.html

Lecture Summary The basic equation: Photosynthetic Autotrophs are the earth's Producers Where it happens: ... Overview of photosynthesis. Using Light to make Food The basic equation: It's just the reverse of respiration! Some History: Van Helmont showed that the "soil" did not provide sufficient materials to account for plant growth: a willow gained 75 kg, while the soil lost 60 g. Priestly showed that a flame would burn in an enclosed vessel with a living plant, but not without. Ingenhousz shows that Priestly's experiment required light. (to summary) Photosynthetic Autotrophs are the earth's Producers Autotroph means "self-feeder" but photosynthesizing organisms do more than feed themselves: they feed everything else. All green plants are autotrophs. They're an amazingly diverse group. (to summary) Where it happens: In happens in the green tissues of plants: mostly leaves, but not always! The cells of the green tissues of plants have chloroplasts. Double membrane-bound organelles containing [slide] pancake shaped "thylakoids" arranged in stacks called "grana" within a thick fluid called the "stroma" (to summary) An Overview of what happens.

89. PBS - Retired Site Season highlights, activity guides and resources for kids and parents, and simple experiments that Category Arts Television Networks PBS Programs......Support PBS.org. http://www.pbs.org/ktca/newtons/

The "Newton's Apple" site has been retired from pbs.org. For information about this series, including online activity guides, and how to order the home videos and additional educational materials for classroom use, please visit http://www.tpt.org/newtons/ To find related content, try a keyword search , visit a related neighborhood or browse our Programs A-Z menu

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