41. Welcome To WEST NUSA TENGGARA - INDONESIA : History Offers tourism information, accommodation, history, and places of interest.Category Regional Asia indonesia Provinces West Nusa Tenggara...... named after 19th century naturalist, Alfred Russell Wallace, marks a point of transitionbetween the flora and fauna of Western and Eastern indonesia and acts http://www.nusa-tenggara.com/west/html/whist.html

Book a Hotel in Lombok If you are interested in visiting the tourist attractions in Indonesia, please feel free to contact the travel bureaus below !!! Pitoby Puri Komodo The Wallace Line , named after 19th century naturalist, Alfred Russell Wallace, marks a point of transition between the flora and fauna of Western and Eastern Indonesia and acts as the Western boundary of West Nusa Tenggara which includes the islands of Lombok and Sumbawa. Lombok is noticeably different to its close neighbour, Bali. The northern part of the island is mountainous and lush with tall trees and shrubs. The south, on the other hand is arid and covered by savannas. Large Asian mammals are absent and replaced instead by large numbers of marsupials, lizards, cockatoos and parrots. The difference becomes more pronounced as one moves further east where dry seasons are more prolonged and the land is dry and bush-like, and so in many areas corn and sago are the staple food, instead of rice. At around the time Islam first came to these islands in the 1 6th century, four Hindu Kingdoms co-existed in apparent peace in what is now West Nusa Tenggara and is still the religion embraced by those in the west of Lombok, who are primarily Balinese. Lombok experienced strong Balinese influences in the past, but has still retained a unique identity. The indigenous people of Lombok, the Sasaks, are predominantly Moslem and have a strong, distinguished tradition as do the people of neighouring Sumbawa.

42. Paragon Book Gallery | Browse Subjects | Indonesia - History indonesia history, http://www.paragonbook.com/html/browsesubj/browse.cfm?regionid=7&subjectid=20

43. Embassy Of The Republic Of Indonesia - History Of The Republic Of Indonesia Under King Hayam Wuruk the Majapahit Empire became the most powerfulkingdom in the history of indonesia. It had dependencies in http://www.indoneske-velvyslanectvi.cz/history.htm

ANCIENT TIMES Indonesia did not exist as yet during the Palaeocene period (70 million years BC), the Eocene period (30 million years BC), the Oligacene period (25 million years BC) and the Miocene period (12 million years BC). It is believed that Indonesia must have existed during the Pleitocene period (4 million years BC) when it was linked with the present Asian mainland. It was during this period that the Homonids made their first appearance and Java Man inhabited the part of the world now called Indonesia. Java Man, named Pithecanthropus Erectus by Eugence Dubois who found the fossils on the island of Java, must have been the first inhabitant of Indonesia. When the sea level rose as the result of the melting ice north of Europe and the American continent, many islands emerged, including the Indonesian archipelago. It was also during this period (3000-500 BC) that Indonesia was inhabited by Sub Mongoloid migrants from Asia who later inter-married with the indigenous people. Later still (1000 BC) inter-marriage occured with Indo-Arians migrants from the south Asian sub-continent of India. The first indian migrants came primarily from Gujarat in Southeast India during the first Christian era.

44. Londoh.Com's Halaman Link Sejarah - History Links Page MASA PURBA sebelum 500 M, THE TIME UNTIL 500 AD. SEJARAH ISLAM di indonesia, MUSLIMHISTORY in indonesia. ABAD PERTENGAHAN s/d 1500 M, MIDDLE AGES TILL 1500 AD. http://www.londoh.com/home-contents.htm

WWW.LONDOH.COM 300+ LINKS...updated...February 14......10 new links.......10 link baru ........... TIME- LINE -SEJARAH INDONESIA Daftar isi Contents SEJARAH UMUM GENERAL HISTORY KERAJAAN-KERAJAAN KINGDOMS ... SEJARAH INDONESIA dan BAK SAMPAH di KARANGANYAR INTERNASIONAL PERNYATAAN UMUM tentang HAK-HAK ASASI MANUSIA SEJARAH MALAYU - A HISTORY OF THE MALAY PENINSULA HISTOPORTAL UNTUK SEJARAH DUNIA Broken links I control all the links on a regular base to check if they are still working. However many links are to Indonesian sites and in my experience a site can be hard to reach for long times, which depends on slow servers and peak-hours in Indonesia. These hours are between 1700 and 2300 hours (Jakarta time) and on Saturdays and Sundays. This is how things work in a poor country. so sorry for that silakan mengisi buku tamu kami....

45. Indonesia.Net - Travel, Business, History He immersed himself enthusiastically in the history, culture and customs of indonesia,uncovering the famous Borobudur temple and meticulously recording the http://www.indonesia.net/History.htm

Culture and History The history and culture sections aims to give the reader an overview of Indonesia's origins in order to help you better understand Indonesia. The sources of information for these sections are largely Bill Dalton's 'Indonesia Handbook', and Hal Hill's 'Indonesia's New Order' Topics in this section: Prehistory The Hindu/Buddhist Period Islam The Portuguese Period ... The Dutch Era Nationalism Prehistory Java was one of the earliest places where human beings lived. In 1891 the fossil skull of Java Man (Homo erectus) was discovered in Central Java. This erect near-man lived at a time when Europe was under ice and most of Indonesia was part of Asia. The species ranged from Africa all the way north to the glacial border of Europe and east to China, thriving some 500 000 years ago at the very beginning of the Pleistocene epoch. Charcoal and charred bones indicate these people used fire. Homo erectus was not an ancestor of present-day Indonesians but a vanished race in its own right. Excavations at Sangiran in Central Java uncovered an even more primitive type. Then, in 1931, 11 skullcaps were found at Ngandong, belonging to a more advanced race than Homo erectus - the so called Solo Man. All 11 skullcaps has been deliberately cracked open: it is assumed Solo Man was a brain-eating cannibal. Found with the busted skulls was an astonishingly rich fossil bed of 23 000 mammalian bones, mostly of extinct oxen, elephants, and hippos. Also uncovered were scrapers, borers, chopers, and stone balls for use in slings.

46. Library Of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handboo indonesia; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Preface; COUNTRY PROFILE COUNTRY; GEOGRAPHY;SOCIETY; Introduction; Chapter 1. Historical Setting EARLY history The Spreadof http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/idtoc.html

INDONESIA - A Country Study Search Indonesia Include word variants Use only words as entered. INDONESIA Foreword Acknowledgments Preface ... Glossary

47. Indonesia - History 01 iClass Sites! Bettering The Net . . . With Content Classification! .indonesia. history Directory. Patriotic Gifts Collectibles. Page 1. http://www.iclass-sites.com/history/indonesia-01.htm

Indonesia History Directory Page 1 Semarang on Photo [AA] - Historical pictorial from 1860 to 1945. (in EN, NL, and IND) Directory About iClass Add Site Level Info ... Return To iClass Frames Last modified: January 24, 2003 privacy

48. TPS Java Province, Southeast Sumatra, Indonesia - History Of Exploration Systems of the Northwest Java Province, Java and Offshore Southeast Sumatra, indonesia.by Michele G. Bishop. OpenFile Report 99-50R. 2000. history OF EXPLORATION http://geology.cr.usgs.gov/energy/WorldEnergy/OF99-50R/history.html

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Petroleum Systems of the Northwest Java Province, Java and Offshore Southeast Sumatra, Indonesia by Michele G. Bishop Open-File Report 99-50R HISTORY OF EXPLORATION Knowledge of oil on Java and Sumatra was reported as early as the year 954 and in 1596 a Dutch voyage reported a well in Sumatra producing a balm used for treating rheumatism and for lighting purposes (Van Bemmelen, 1949). In 1869, Von Baumhauer recorded 44 oil seeps in Java, drilling for oil started in West Java in 1872 and the first oil company started operations in East Java in 1887 (Van Bemmelen, 1949). Early exploration wells in West Java onshore were drilled by Jon Reesink who was a store keeper in Cirebon (Courteney and others, 1989). He visited the United States, collected drilling equipment and skills, and began drilling at Cibodas in 1871 with the financial backing of Nederlandsche Handel Maatschappij (the predecessor of Royal Dutch Shell) (Courteney and others, 1989). Sub-commercial oil was found in two of his first four wells, which were drilled using water buffalo for power. He resumed drilling in 1874 with steam equipment, but the next 5 wells were unsuccessful, which discouraged his backers. However, other drilling ventures were conducted with encouraging shows, and the first commercial oil field was discovered at Randegan in 1939 (Courteney and others, 1989). Exploration was interrupted until 1967 when, at Jatibarang-44, a major oil field was discovered with reserves in the Jatibarang Volcanics (Courteney and others, 1989). Independent Indonesia American Petroleum Company (IIAPCO) was then formed and negotiations began with Indonesia for the first offshore Production Sharing Contract (Courteney and others, 1989; Wight and others, 1997). Sinclair and Natomas joined IIAPCO in 1966 and drilling began in 1968. The “B” field, with cumulative production of 122 MMBO to 1989, and the “E” field, with cumulative production of 160 MMBO to 1989, were the first fields in the Ardjuna Basin (Courteney and others, 1989). The Main and Massive reservoirs of Miocene age contain most of the reserves. Light (36—37? API gravity), low-sulfur, paraffinic and waxy crude with low pour point is produced primarily under water drive (Courteney and others, 1989).

49. Index Of /menu/indonesia/history Parent Directory Thumbs.db 27-Jan-2003 1832 26K _notes/ 13......Index of /menu/indonesia/history. Name Last modified Size http://www.indonesian-embassy.or.jp/menu/indonesia/history/

Index of /menu/indonesia/history Name Last modified Size Description ... Thumbs.db 01-Apr-2003 15:33 26K WS_FTP.LOG 01-Apr-2003 15:33 3.9K 01-Apr-2003 15:33 - ancient.htm 01-Apr-2003 15:33 6.1K ancient.jpg 01-Apr-2003 15:33 7.0K europ.htm 01-Apr-2003 15:33 11K europ.jpg 01-Apr-2003 15:33 5.6K hindu.htm 01-Apr-2003 15:33 16K hindu.jpg 01-Apr-2003 15:33 5.8K islam.htm 01-Apr-2003 15:33 5.3K islam.jpg 01-Apr-2003 15:33 6.1K move.htm 01-Apr-2003 15:33 19K move.jpg 01-Apr-2003 15:33 4.9K procla.htm 01-Apr-2003 15:33 8.0K procla.jpg 01-Apr-2003 15:33 5.1K procla1.htm 01-Apr-2003 15:33 9.4K procla2.htm 01-Apr-2003 15:33 7.9K procla3.htm 01-Apr-2003 15:33 12K procla4.htm 01-Apr-2003 15:33 7.9K procla5.htm 01-Apr-2003 15:33 7.6K procla6.htm 01-Apr-2003 15:33 13K procla7.htm

50. Index Of /menu/indonesia/history/_notes Parent Directory Apache/2.0.40 Server at jp.merpatiputih.net Port 80......Index of /menu/indonesia/history/_notes. Name Last modified Size http://www.indonesian-embassy.or.jp/menu/indonesia/history/_notes/

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51. Index Of /indonesia/history ParentDirectory 20Oct-2002 0529 - christian/ 30-Apr-2000 2316 -......Index of /indonesia/history. Name Last modified Size http://www.ivu.org/indonesia/history/

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52. Index Of /indonesia/history/christian Parent Directory 14Apr-2000 2029 - misrep.html 30-Apr-2000 2314 12k......Index of /indonesia/history/christian. Name Last modified Size http://www.ivu.org/indonesia/history/christian/

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53. JAKWEB.COM IndonesiaONE.Net Indonesia History 18741904, Aceh War. 1900-1942, National Movement history (Sejarah PergerakanNasional). 1948 Madiun, PKI (indonesia Communist Party) Rebellion in Madiun. http://www.jakweb.com/id/history/

54. JAKWEB.COM | IndonesiaONE.Net > Indonesia > History > Ancient Times One way of grasping the successive waves of human settlement shaping indonesianhistory is to observe the composition of indonesia's 180 million citizens as http://www.jakweb.com/id/history/ancient/

Indonesia head('t_history.gif','id'); Ancient Times Over the centuries, the archipelago of Indonesia today have been known by many different names such as Sriwijaya, Majapahit, Mataram, Spice Islands, Dutch East Indies. The modern Republic of Indonesia, born on August 17, 1945, may be relatively young among the world's roster of nations. But it embraces a people whose roots stretch deep into antiquity. Indeed, one of the earliest archaelogical discoveries of human life named "Java Man". One way of grasping the successive waves of human settlement shaping Indonesian history is to observe the composition of Indonesia's 180 million citizens as they are today. In all, Indonesia is home to nearly 300 seperate linguistic groups with 583 languages and dialects. Indonesia did not exist as yet during the Paleocene period (70 million years BC), the Eocene period (30 million years BC), the Oligacene period (25 million years BC) and the Miocene period (12 million years BC). It is believed that Indonesia must have existed during the Pleistocene period (4 million years BC) when it was linked with the present Asian mainland. It was during this period that the Homonids made their first appearance and Java Man inhabited the part of the world now called Indonesia. Java Man, named

55. World Travel Guide - Indonesia - History & Government World Travel Guide indonesia - history Government - includesinformation on the constitution and politics. http://www.sftpwtg.com/data/idn/idn580.htm

Travel Information Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Climate Regions and Cities Introduction - Overview Java Sulawesi Sumatra ... Indonesia History and Government History: Modern Indonesia is an amalgam of more than 13,000 islands incorporating a wide variety of cultural and religious traditions. For almost a thousand years Indonesia has been involved in maritime trade resulting in a wide range of religious, cultural and ethnic influences. The Chinese were among the first to trade with the islands, followed in the eighth century AD by Hindu and Buddhist merchants from India who built up two empires, known as Srivijaya and Majapahit. These were supplanted in the 13th century by Islamic influences brought by Arab and Malay seafarers. The English and Portuguese were the first Europeans to arrive in the area in the 16th century but in 1595 the Dutch East India Company took control of trade in the area. From 1814 until the Japanese invasion during World War II, Indonesia's people and resources were subjected to the autocratic Dutch rule. The main independence movement, the Indonesian nationalist Party, emerged in the 1920s under the leadership of Ahmed Sukarno. It was thoroughly suppressed by the Dutch and remained largely underground until the Dutch East Indies were overrun by the Japanese during World War II. The Japanese installed a puppet PNI government for the duration of their occupation. Following the Japanese defeat in 1945, the PNI declared independence. This was quickly challenged by the Dutch who despatched a military expeditionary force to Indonesia and arrested Sukarno. However, by 1949, under international pressure, they were forced to concede the country's sovereignty.

56. WWW-VL History Index Click Here for WWWVL Main Catalogue WWW-VL history indonesia. Click Aspectsof the history of indonesia 1945-1993; 1945-1950. The http://www.ku.edu/history/VL/east_asia/indonesia.html

WWW-VL HISTORY: INDONESIA Click here for: The World-Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW-VL) Main Catalog The WWW-VL search facility. The WWW-VL History Central Catalogue The WWW-VL Asian Studies Network Geography Language ... Click Here to access the Mirror at Lawrence, Kansas, USA Also see our sister site, WWW-VL Asian Studies. Indonesia. Society and Culture Research Tools Geography Main Maps Relief [786 Kb] Political [269 Kb] Administrative Divisions Other Maps, including satellite and aerial photographs Map Collections Collection of Maps of Indonesia [by Peter Loud] Atlas of Mutual Heritage Data Bank Regions and Districts Aceh Region [419 Kb] Buru Island [152 Kb] Ceram and Ambon Islands [372 Kb] Siberut Island [224 Kb] Timor [50 Kb] Cities Bandung Bantam and Bintam Islands Denpasar Jakarta [105 Kb] Jakarta 2 Kuta Makassar Medan ... Yogyakarta Gazetteers Towns and Villages Street Directory of Jakarta Language Indonesian Indonesian Laguage Resources Indonesian-English Dictionary Indonesian Grammar Dutch Dutch Dictionaries Integral Dutch Course Reference Works Government Home Page World Factbook 2001 Countries of the World: Indonesia Indonesia. A Country Study

57. Indonesia Day 2002 - Justin Herman Square, August 28 the panataran temple complex in East Java as well as the etherial temples on theDieng Plateau are remnants of this glorious period in indonesia's history. http://www.indoday.com/history.php

ABOUT PRESS STATEMENT PARTICIPANTS EXHIBITORS ... INTRODUCTION TO INDONESIA CULTURE ABOUT INDO DAY PROGRAMS SHEDULE PROGRAMS ABOUT INDONESIAN DAY History The strategic position of Indonesia, has had distinctive influences on the political and economic history of the islands. Fossils of "Java Man"(Pitchecanthropus Erectus) which date back some 500,00 years, were discovered near the village og Trinil in East Java by Dr. Eugene Dubois in 1809. This discovery was followed by other finds in later years which are evidence of Java's earliest in habitants Major migration movementsto the Indonesian archipelago have been traced as far back as 3,000 - 5,00 B.C. The first migrants were Mongoloid stocj from China and Tonkin and have been credited with introducing new Stone, Bronze and Iron Age cultures as well as the Astronesian Language. The surrender of the Japanese in 1945 signalled the end of Second World War in Asia and also the start of independence. In the wake of global perceptions of freedom, Indonesia proclaimed its independence on august 17 that same year. But the returning Dutch bitterly resisted Indonesian nationalist movements and intermittent fighting followed. Under the auspices of the United Nations at the Hague, an agreement was finally reached on December9, 1949. It was from this time that Indonesia's sovereignty over the former Dutch East Indies was officially recogniced.

58. Bali Travel Information : Bali History indonesia history of Bali Bali is the land of a thousand gods, templesand arts. Some other views are the island as the last frontier http://asiavoyage24.com/directories/indonesia/history/balihistory.html

Bali Travel Information : Bali History City Bali Jakarta Java Lombok Moyo Island Solo Sulawasi Yogyakarta Area Select a Price All Rates Under 25 USD 25 - 50 USD 51 - 75 USD 76 - 100 USD 101 - 150 USD 151 - 200 USD Over 200 USD Home Asia Indonesia Travel Guide ... Environment Indonesia : History of Bali Besides known as tourism area, it's also agronomy area, nowadays called 'agro-tourism'. As networking system that Bali is surrounded by river, water as the main needs of life. Whether rice is the staple food, derived FROM paddy, which needed plenty of water. Balinese need to devise an ingenious system of aqueducts that can be considered a miracle of engineering. Bali perhaps the last place on this earth that still conjures images of beauty mystique, peace, good will and a way of life that is unique in this modern age. Here you get a deep sense of satisfaction. The environment possibly to be the hospitality that envelops you. Moreover the amazing hues of color, sound and natural beauty. Early History Homo erectus, a distant ancestor of modern man, lived in a part of Indonesia between 350,000 and 800,000 years ago during the time of the great Ice Ages. Fossilized bones of "Java Man" FROM this period were found in Central Java in 1890, and stone axes and adzes have been discovered on Bali, in the northern village of Sembiran. As the earth cooled during the Ice Ages, glaciers advanced FROM the Polar Regions and the levels of the world's oceans fell. Many of the islands of Indonesia became joined to the landmasses of Southeast Asia and Australia by exposed land bridges. The early humans, as well as animals, moved through these areas across the land bridges linking the islands. It is thought there were two main routes INTO Indonesia FROM the Asian mainland; one led down through Thailand INTO Malaysia and then INTO the archipelago while the other came down via the Philippines with branches INTO Kalimantan and Sulawesi.

59. DROUGHT CAUSES WORST FIRES IN INDONESIA'S HISTORY. DROUGHT CAUSES WORST FIRES IN indonesia'S history. The fires are ragingout of control in tropical forests and has blanketed Singapore http://www.greenpeace.org/~climate/database/records/zgpz0759.html

DROUGHT CAUSES WORST FIRES IN INDONESIA'S HISTORY. The fires are raging out of control in tropical forests and has blanketed Singapore, the Malay Peninsula and the South China Sea in smoke. 20 people are killed and 50,000 hectares of tropical rainforest and crops lost on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo. ("Earthweek: Diary of the Planet", The Toronto Star, 12 October 1991; 19 October 1991; 9 November 1991). GREENPEACE Climate Impacts Database

60. Indonesia Interactive >> TRAVEL Remnants of this glorious period in indonesia's history are the many monuments spreadthrough Java like the Prambanan Temple near Yogyakarta, Penataran Temple http://www.i2.co.id/travel/history.asp

Wednesday, April 09, 2003 About Indonesia Destination Virtual Tour Flora and Fauna ... Train Information ABOUT INDONESIA > HISTORY HISTORY The first proof of the earliest inhabitants of Indonesia was discovered by Dr. Eugene Dubois in 1890. Fossils of the "Java Man" (Pithecanthropus Erectus) dating back 500,000 years were excavated near the village of Trinil in East Java followed by other finds in later years. Migration movements to Indonesia have been traced back to 3,000 - 500 B.C. of Malay/Mongoloid stock from China and Tonkin introducing new stone, bronze and iron age culture and Austronesia language. Indonesia came under influence of the Indian civilization through the gradual influx of Indian traders in the first century A.D. and great empires began to emerge bound to Hinduism and Buddhism. By the seventh century, the powerful Buddhist kingdom of Sriwijaya expanded, and it was during this period that the spectacular Borobudur Buddhist sanctuary was built in Central Java. The thirteenth century saw the rise of the fabulous Hindu empire of Majapahit in East Java which united the whole of Indonesia and parts of the Malay Peninsula and ruled for two centuries. Remnants of this glorious period in Indonesia's history are the many monuments spread through Java like the Prambanan Temple near Yogyakarta, Penataran Temple complex in East Java, The Temples on the Dieng Plateau and many others. The first attempt to invade Indonesia was made by the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan but was driven back in 1293. However, with the arrival of Arab traders, Islam spread gradually and since the end of the 16th century it had replaced Hinduism and Buddhism as the dominant religion. Small Moslem Kingdoms rose, but none too strong to ward off European penetrations which followed.

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