1. History And Culture.html History of Indonesia. History Home Page. CountryReports.org http://coombs.anu.edu.au/WWWVLPages/IndonPages/Culture.html

The World-Wide Web Virtual Library Alphabetical Category Subtree Library of Congress Indonesia: Society and Culture History and Cultural Resources Anthropology and Culture History Language and Literature Anthropology and Culture The Anthropology of the Mentawai Islands Supplied note: "A collection of articles and list of resources from the disciplinary perspective of social/cultural anthropology, having the Mentawai Islands, Sumatra, Indonesia, as their focus. Includes detailed ethnographic data and interpretations of key cultural practices of the indigenous inhabitants of the southern region of Siberut, the largest island in the group." Mandailing website; www.mandailing.org Supplied note: " On 23rd January 2001 a new website was created on the Mandailing people. The website is intended to cover Mandailing history, migration, governance, cultural identity, arts and culture, music, built heritage, etc. of the Mandailing people in Malaysia as well as Indonesia. The website will be maintained by Aslam Fazal (aslam@surforever.com) Indonesian Heritage An exciting new site that promises much informative material based on solid scholarly information. Well worth a visit and perhaps even subscription. (ed.)

2. Indonesia Pages I'ma fan of indonesia history, arts, culture, and even just everydaystuff. These are my pages with pictures and info about Indonesia. http://www.gimonca.com/indonesia/indonesia.html

I'm a fan of Indonesia: history, arts, culture, and even just everyday stuff. These are my pages with pictures and info about Indonesia. Sejarah Indonesia , an online Time-Line of Indonesian history, has been serving the Internet with valuable information for nearly six years! You can also support Sejarah Indonesia now by becoming a customer of the Sejarah Indonesia Store In 1993, I finally got to travel in Indonesia. You can see everything in my Tour of Java. Click on the city to go there! Some of the pictures and backgroundsare also available in my ftp directory. The Huruf Jawa is the traditional Javanese alphabet. I had the first Huruf Jawa page anywhere in the world. Kreteks are clove cigarettes, one of the most distinctive Indonesian products throughout the world. You can shop for books on Indonesia in my personal online bookstore (in association with Amazon.com)! More links to other Indonesian pages, including many in Indonesia. Gamelan is the classical music of Java: refined and civilized. This bird design is from a batik 'cap' stamp from the 1920s. The design is worked in metal and attached to a base and handle about the size of a postcard, or a little larger. This stamp is then used to apply hot wax to cloth for batik.

3. Indonesia History History of Indonesia. Click here to visit our sponsor. http://www.countryreports.org/history/indonhist.htm

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4. About Indonesia Indonesia. Indonesia Economy. Indonesia Defense. Indonesia Geography.Indonesia Government. indonesia history. Indonesia People. http://www.countryreports.org/indonesia.htm

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5. Lonely Planet World Guide | Destination Indonesia | History indonesia history. It is generally believed that the earliest inhabitantsof the Indonesian archipelago originated in India or Burma. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/south_east_asia/indonesia/history.htm

home search help worldguide ... Related Weblinks Indonesia History It is generally believed that the earliest inhabitants of the Indonesian archipelago originated in India or Burma. In 1890, fossils of Java Man ( homo erectus ), some 500,000 years old, were found in east Java. Later migrants ('Malays') came from southern China and Indochina, and they began populating the archipelago around 3000 BC. Powerful groups such as the Buddhist Srivijaya empire and the Hindu Mataram kingdom appeared in Java and Sumatra towards the end of the 7th century. The last important kingdom to remain Hindu was the Majapahit, which was founded in the 13th century. The subsequent spread of Islam into the archipelago in the 14th century forced the Majapahits to retreat to Bali in the 15th century. By this time, a strong Muslim empire had developed with its centre at Melaka (Malacca) on the Malay Peninsula. Its influence was shortlived and it fell to the Portuguese in 1511. The Dutch displaced the Portuguese and began making inroads into Indonesia. The Dutch East India Company based in Batavia (Jakarta) dominated the spice trade and took control of Java by the mid 18th century, when its power was already in decline. The Dutch took control in the early 19th century and by the early 20th century, the entire archipelago - including Aceh and Bali - was under their control. Soekarno won that particular battle but lost the war when the man responsible for putting the coup down, General Soeharto, wrested presidential power from him in 1966. Soeharto started off with a nice line in political reconstruction, but the promises of economic reform and greater government transparency quickly degenerated into much of the same-old same-old. Nepotism, cronyism and grandiose spending, coupled with the brutal massacre of East Timorese nationalists in Dilli in 1975, proved that much of the talk was mere rhetoric. By March 1998 Soeharto was out of touch with the people and, perhaps seeing the writing on the wall, awarded himself only five more years in office. He never made his own benchmark and by the end of May that year he was out of office and the vice-president, Jusuf Habibie, was installed.

6. Indonesia History - History Of Indonesia History of Indonesia The first known hominidinhabitant of Indonesia was the socalled. http://www.indo.com/indonesia/history.html

general info history archipelago indonesia today events maps if you prefer to see our old version site, please click here bali, wayang, majapahit, sriwijaya, malang, surabaya, jogjakarta, bandung, banten, soekarno, soeharto, megawati, Gus Dur, Suharto, Indonesia, Bali, Java, mahabarata, ramayana, gending, keroncong, golek, batik, keris Indonesia A Historical Glimpse The first known hominid inhabitant of Indonesia was the so-called "Java Man", or Homo erectus, who lived here half a million years ago. Some 60,000 years ago, the ancestors of the present-day Papuans move eastward through these islands, eventually reaching New Guinea and Australia some 30-40,000 years ago. Much later, in about the fourth millennium B.C., they were followed by the ancestors of the modern-day Malays, Javanese and other Malayo-Polynesian groups who now make up the bulk of Indonesia's population. Trade contracts with India, China and the mainland of Southeast Asia brought outside cultural and religious influences to Indonesia. One of the first Indianized empires, known to us now as Sriwijaya, was located on the coast of Sumatra around the strategic straits of Malacca, serving as the hub of a trading network that reached to many parts of the archipelago more than a thousand years ago.

7. Heifer Indonesia History Our History. Heifer International first became active in Indonesia in 1982, assistingrural Javanese families with goats and sheep through a government program. http://www.heiferindonesia.org/program/history.htm

Home Heifer Indonesia Mission [ Heifer Indonesia History ] Program Areas Heifer's Values Values-based Planning Program Statistics ... Annual Report Our History Heifer International first became active in Indonesia in 1982, assisting rural Javanese families with goats and sheep through a government program. In the mid-80s, Heifer developed partnerships with local organizations assisting communities in the islands of Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. The projects focused on group development, health and income improvement. Species included goats, cattle, water buffalo, sheep, fish, chickens, ducks, and quail. Two of these projects ( PUSPETA and Bina Swadaya) were supported for over 14 years each and have just completed their funding support. These two long-term projects have had noted accomplishments. Several Heifer-supported farmer groups in Sumatra have won national level awards for their livestock-based enterprises. The dairy cooperative supported by Heifer in Central Java became a model for other dairy cooperatives in the region. Both of these long-term partnerships supported the development of self-reliant community organizations with micro-credit capabilities as well as the development of training and technical services by supporting NGOs. Heifer established a full-time country office in October 1997. Building upon the successful experience of establishing the Heifer International - Philippines country office in the late 1980’s, the country co-representatives are now developing the Heifer International - Indonesia country team and program. Heifer International - Indonesia is presently managed through a contracted partnership with Jasa KATOM, an Indonesian consulting organization working in agriculture and the environment. The program is

8. Indonesia: History encyclopediaEncyclopedia—indonesia history. Early History and ColonialRule. Early in the Christian era, Indonesia came under the http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0858813.html

Celebs, Models ,Movie Stars... Magazines From Around the World! Ladies..Never pay retail again! Facial care packs and Cosmetics at lowest prices ! All Infoplease All Almanacs General Entertainment Sports Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Infoplease Home Almanacs Atlas Dictionary ... Fact Monster Kids' reference Info:Daily Fun facts Homework Center Newsletter You've got info! Help Site Map Visit related sites from: Family Education Network Encyclopedia Indonesia History Early History and Colonial Rule Early in the Christian era, Indonesia came under the influence of Indian civilization through the gradual influx of Indian traders and Buddhist and Hindu monks. By the 7th and 8th cent., kingdoms closely connected with India had developed in Sumatra and Java; the spectacular Buddhist temples of Borobudur Early in the 16th cent. the Portuguese, in pursuit of the rich spice trade, began establishing trading posts in Indonesia, after taking (1511) the strategic commercial center of Malacca (see Melaka Raffles . The Dutch exploited the riches of the islands throughout the 19th cent., but their rule did not go unchallenged by the Indonesians. In 1825, Prince Diponegoro of Java launched a long and bloody guerrilla war against the colonists, and in 1906 and again in 1908 the native rulers of Bali led their subjects in suicidal charges against Dutch fortifications. Nationalism, Independence, and Sukarno

9. Indonesia History INDONESIA. The region once under Sukarno. Indonesia took its placeas a leader of the nonaligned nations of the Third World. Under http://www.nationbynation.com/Indonesia/History1.html

BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT BACK TO THE FRONT PAGE BASIC INFO. GEOGRAPHY GOVERNMENT ... INDONESIA The region once known as the East Indies was home to several Hindu and Islamic kingdoms long before Europeans arrived in the 16th century. A century later, the Dutch East India Company was largely in control, although in 1799, its bankruptcy forced the Dutch government to establish direct rule, The Dutch managed to maintain their hold on the East Indies, even in the face of growing nationalism and anticolonial uprisings. Though the Japanese captured the islands during World War II and some viewed them as liberators the nationalists prevailed and in 1945, declared Indonesia's independence under Sukarno. Indonesia took its place as a leader of the nonaligned nations of the Third World. Under Sukarno, Indonesia moved left (looking towards China) but when the army crushed an attempted coup in 1965, the ensuing turmoil resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands, killed as suspected communists. Sukarno was pushed out and General Suharto took power. Suharto moved Indonesia's foreign policy posture back towards the West. Indonesia's annexation of the former Portuguese colony of East Timor in 1976 has led to international disapproval and the deaths of perhaps 100,000 or more East Timorese. Suharto remained in power until 1998 when charges of corruption were leveled against the leader and his family. Coupled with the ongoing crisis in East Timor, the Indonesians had had enough. Their rioting, strikes, and protests led to Suharto's ouster. In 1999, East Timor voted for independence from Indonesia which led to renewed militia attacks. The UN sent peacekeeping troops in to quell the violence.

10. Indonesia History - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, indonesia history Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources,Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics http://www.workmall.com/wfb2001/indonesia/indonesia_history_index.html

Country Ranks Introduction History Geography People Government Gov. Leaders ... [TOP] Indonesia History Index http://workmall.com/wfb2001/indonesia/indonesia_history_index.html Source: The Library of Congress Country Studies History Introduction Historical Setting EARLY HISTORY The Spread of Indian Civilization ... Foreign Policy under Suharto NOTE: The information regarding Indonesia on this page is re-published from The Library of Congress Country Studies. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Indonesia History information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Indonesia History should be addressed to the Library of Congress. Please put this page in your BOOKMARKS - - - - - Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail when this web site is updated. Your Internet e-mail address: http://workmall.com/wfb2001/indonesia/indonesia_history_index.html Revised 04-Jul-02 Photius Coutsoukis

11. Basic Search Subject. Call Number. Medium. 1. Indonesia, MCNAIR, Sylvia, Indonesia Geography; Indonesia - History ; INDONESIA - SOCIAL LIFE AND CUSTOMS, 915.98-MCN-, Text. http://intra.trinity.wa.edu.au/webopac/default.asp?n=s&c=INDONESIA HISTORY

12. BBC News | AMERICAS | US Blocks Indonesia History Revelations Saturday, 28 July, 2001, 1703 GMT 1803 UK US blocks indonesia history revelationsPresident Sukarno was brought down in the purge The US Government has raced http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1461859.stm

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH You are in: World: Americas Front Page World ... AudioVideo SERVICES Daily E-mail News Ticker Mobiles/PDAs Feedback ... Low Graphics Saturday, 28 July, 2001, 17:03 GMT 18:03 UK US blocks Indonesia history revelations President Sukarno was brought down in the purge The US Government has raced to withdraw all copies of a State Department history book that details America's role in Indonesia's bloody campaign against communists in the 1960s. The book documents the US's support of a purge of the archipelago in 1965 and 1966 in which up to one million people are thought to have died, following an abortive coup by a group of air force officers in 1965 - known as the Year of Living Dangerously. The chances of detection ... of our support in this instance are as minimal as any black bag operation can be US official document The campaign brought General Suharto to power as the country's dictator, replacing President Sukarno - whose daughter Megawati Sukarnoputri became president of Indonesia this week. Mark Mansfield, a spokesman for the US Central Intelligence Agency, told The New York Times that the decision to delay the publication had been made to avoid damaging relations at a time of political turmoil in Indonesia.

13. Indonesia: History encyclopediaEncyclopedia—indonesia history. Early History and ColonialRule. Early in the Christian era, Indonesia came under the http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0858813.html

Encyclopedia Indonesia History Early History and Colonial Rule Early in the Christian era, Indonesia came under the influence of Indian civilization through the gradual influx of Indian traders and Buddhist and Hindu monks. By the 7th and 8th cent., kingdoms closely connected with India had developed in Sumatra and Java; the spectacular Buddhist temples of Borobudur Early in the 16th cent. the Portuguese, in pursuit of the rich spice trade, began establishing trading posts in Indonesia, after taking (1511) the strategic commercial center of Malacca (see Melaka Raffles . The Dutch exploited the riches of the islands throughout the 19th cent., but their rule did not go unchallenged by the Indonesians. In 1825, Prince Diponegoro of Java launched a long and bloody guerrilla war against the colonists, and in 1906 and again in 1908 the native rulers of Bali led their subjects in suicidal charges against Dutch fortifications. Nationalism, Independence, and Sukarno The Indonesian movement for independence began early in the 20th cent. The Indonesian Communist party (PKI) was founded in 1920; in 1927 the Indonesian Nationalist party (PNI) arose under the leadership of Sukarno . It received its impetus during World War II, when the Japanese drove out (1942) the Dutch and occupied the islands. In Aug., 1945, immediately after the Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Muhammad Hatta, another nationalist leader, proclaimed Indonesia an independent republic. The Dutch bitterly resisted the nationalists, and four years of intermittent and sometimes heavy fighting followed. Under UN pressure, an agreement was finally reached (Nov., 1949) for the creation of an independent republic of Indonesia. A new constitution provided for a parliamentary form of government. Sukarno was elected president, and Hatta became premier.

14. Indonesia: History indonesia history indonesia history (in IndonesiaA Country Study);indonesia history (Indonesia 1999 An Official Handbook); Indonesia http://library.louisville.edu/government/international/indonesia/idhistory.html

Indonesia: History Indonesia History (in Indonesia-A Country Study) Indonesia History (Indonesia 1999: An Official Handbook) Indonesia: The Emerging National Culture (in Indonesia-A Country Study) Other Related Information: History ... Back to International Information Comments to Barbara Whitener, GovPubs Webmaster URL:http://library.louisville.edu/ekstrom/govpubs/international/indonesia/idhistory.html

15. History Of Indonesia Pictorial Presentation of indonesia history From the mid 5th century, insciptionand footprints of Purnavarman Hindu ruler of Tarumanegara in West Java. http://www.regit.com/regitour/indonesi/about/history.htm

Pictorial Presentation of Indonesia history From the mid 5th century, insciption and footprints of Purnavarman - Hindu ruler of Tarumanegara in West Java. Candi Plaosan, a Buddhist sanctuary built in the 9th century. Tombstone of Sultan Malik al Saleh - the first Islamic monarch. Sultan Hamengkubwono VIII of Yogyakarta with the Dutch Resident. Soekarno with his first cabinet, of which Hatta (to the right of Soekarno) was vice-prsident. President Soeharto History Meanwhile, from about the 8th century, central Java had been ruled by the Sailendra princes. Their small kingdom was argriculturally rich, and they were able to spend lavishly on the erection of religious monuments. The vast sanctuary and burial edifice of Borobudur was built over some 50 years from the end of the 8th century onwards. The Temple to Siva at Prambanan began to be constructed at about the same time that Borobudur was completed, although its builder were not the Sailendras. However, something seems to have happened at about the start of the 10th century, for there was a sudden cessation in the production of monuments, inscriptions and other artefacts from central Java. In the 11th century, traders brought Islam to the islands of the archipelago. Just as the Indonesian had earlier adapted Buddhism to their own needs and beliefs, so they accepted Islam very much on their own terms. However, there was no centre of Indonesian Islamic culture, this scatteredness influence provide a major weakness when the Dutch arrived.

16. NCBuy: Country Reference - Indonesia History Indonesia, Indonesia Population 231,328,092 (July 2002 est.) CapitalJakarta. Indonesia Backgrounds History. By the time of the http://www.ncbuy.com/reference/country/backgrounds.html?code=id&sec=backhistory

17. Gulf Indonesia Resources Limited: About Gulf Indonesia: History Gulf Indonesia Resources Limited celebrated its 40th year of operations in Indonesiain 2001. Throughout its history, the company has been primarily a crude http://www.gulfindonesia.com/about/history.html

History Gulf Indonesia Resources Limited celebrated its 40th year of operations in Indonesia in 2001. Throughout its history, the company has been primarily a crude oil producer. With the start-up of the Grissik gas plant in October 1998, Gulf Indonesia realized its first natural gas production from the Corridor Gas Project in South Sumatra. At full production levels, reached in the first quarter of 1999, Corridor sales more than doubled the company's daily production on an oil equivalent basis. In 2001, the company commenced sales of gas from its offshore facilities in the Kakap PSC for the West Natuna Gas Project. With its current slate of development projects, the company targets to become the pre-eminent non-LNG gas producer in Indonesia. Milestones 1961 - 2001 Signed one of the first PSCs with Indonesian state oil company for Block A in North Sumatra. Discovered Geudondong oil field in Block A; commercial production began in 1966.

18. Indonesia History Indonesia Historical dates Last updated in April 2002 14th century. The 1962.West Papua (Irian Jaya) becomes part of Indonesia. 1966. Institution http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/en/laenderinfos/laender/laender_ausgabe_html?

19. Indonesia: History indonesia history. Early History and Colonial Rule. Early in the Christianera, Indonesia came under the influence of Indian civilization http://www.slider.com/enc/26000/Indonesia_History.htm

Home Encyclopeadia I Ije - Ind ... Rope Ladders Slider Search: The Web Encyclopaedia Shopping Index Help Encyclopaedia Indonesia: History Early History and Colonial Rule Early in the Christian era, Indonesia came under the influence of Indian civilization through the gradual influx of Indian traders and Buddhist and Hindu monks. By the 7th and 8th centuries, kingdoms closely connected with India had developed in Sumatra and Java; the spectacular Buddhist temples of Borobudur date from this period. Sumatra was the seat (7th-13th centuries) of the important Buddhist kingdom of Sri Vijaya. In the late 13th century the center of power shifted to Java, where the fabulous Hindu kingdom of Majapahit had arisen; for two centuries it held sway over Indonesia and large areas of the Malay Peninsula. A gradual infiltration of Islam began in the 14th and 15th centuries with the arrival of Arab traders, and by the end of the 16th century Islam had replaced Buddhism and Hinduism as the dominant religion. The once-powerful kingdoms broke into smaller Islamic states whose internecine strife made them vulnerable to European imperialism. Early in the 16th century the Portuguese, in pursuit of the rich spice trade, began establishing trading posts in Indonesia, after taking (1511) the strategic commercial center of Malacca (see

20. Indonesia: History com/ce6/world/A0858813.html. encyclopediaEncyclopedia—indonesia history.Early History and Colonial Rule. Early in the Christian era http://print.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0858813.html

document.write('Print Now!'); this page was printed from Factmonster.com www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0858813.html Encyclopedia Indonesia History Early History and Colonial Rule Early in the Christian era, Indonesia came under the influence of Indian civilization through the gradual influx of Indian traders and Buddhist and Hindu monks. By the 7th and 8th cent., kingdoms closely connected with India had developed in Sumatra and Java; the spectacular Buddhist temples of Borobudur Early in the 16th cent. the Portuguese, in pursuit of the rich spice trade, began establishing trading posts in Indonesia, after taking (1511) the strategic commercial center of Malacca (see Melaka Raffles . The Dutch exploited the riches of the islands throughout the 19th cent., but their rule did not go unchallenged by the Indonesians. In 1825, Prince Diponegoro of Java launched a long and bloody guerrilla war against the colonists, and in 1906 and again in 1908 the native rulers of Bali led their subjects in suicidal charges against Dutch fortifications. Nationalism, Independence, and Sukarno

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