61. FMPDCL: BOTANY AND HORTICULTURE institutions. Botanical Latin; CSU Bioweb botany Page; Botanical.ComA comprehensive site devoted to resources on botany and herbs. A http://web.lemoyne.edu/~mcmahon/gardens.html

BOTANY AND HORTICULTURE Silvanus, deus agrorum (Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe. Photo J. McMahon) Updated 8/05/00 Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania : A personal favorite and home to the Pennsylvania Flora Project , featuring a searchable list of the Keystone State's native and naturalized plants. New York Botanical Garden Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew Botany from the Smithsonian Brooklyn Botanic Garden ... Fairchild Tropical Garden : One of the world's premier botanic gardens, featuring plants such as cycads, palms, and other tropical specimens. Missouri Botanical Garden The International Aroid Society : Hosted at the MBG, the IAS is devoted to the study of the Arum Family ( Araceae Pukeiti Rhododendron Trust The Royal Botanical Gardens U. of Delaware Botanic Gardens U. of Georgia Botany Dept. ... Internet Directory for Botany: The premiere site for botanical information worldwide. Some noteworthy botanical sites: Encyclopedia of Plants : Useful for common and scientific names, plant culture, etc. Plants and People Online : A joint effort of World Wildlife Fund International, UNESCO and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

62. The Euphorbiaceae mostly monoecious herbs, shrubs, and trees, sometimes http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/euphorbi.htm

63. Botany & Birds botany Ornithology. You can hear the water lapping on the quay side, the goat herbs.jpg(63217 bytes)bells in the olive groves and the donkeys braying to each http://www.amorgos.dial.pipex.com/nature_notes.htm

Amorgos the Secret Jewel of the Cyclades Special-Interest- Holidays.com - 2002 with 'Nature Trail Amorgos'- Promoting Eco-Tourism Sunvil Holidays Sunvil House Upper Square Old Isleworth Middlesex United Kingdom e-mail :- greece@sunvil.co.uk or e-mail us direct on Amorgos click below: Amorgos The Island is a sensory delight, the moment that you step off the boat you see the rugged mountainous scenery, clear blue sea and white sandy beaches. You can hear the water lapping on the quay side, the goat bells in the olive groves and the donkeys braying to each other across the valleys. Most of all however, you can smell the herbs, usually this is your first impression of Amorgos as the scent is carried in the air across the sea to the ship as you approach the island. There are a great variety of herbs but the predominant ones are: Amorgos Mint Basil Chamomile Fennel Marjoram Oregano Rosemary Sage Thyme The islanders still use these herbs both fresh and dried for both culinary and medicinal use in addition to making scented combinations to hang in rooms or cupboards. You can pick the herbs yourself and take them home with you or buy products all over the world which are made from them. These herbs are the ultimate in organic and natural produce. Click on the Herb Guide for a comprehensive use of all the Herbs of Amorgos.

64. The Violaceae shrubs or herbs comprising about http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/viol.htm

65. The Melastomataceae herbs, shrubs, or trees comprising about http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/melastomat.htm

66. Botany Index of. herbs and Spices. in alphabetical order. The plants are listed in alphabeticalorder for easy access. For example, Oregano would be listed under or. http://www.botany.com/index.7.htm

Index of Herbs and Spices in alphabetical order The plants are listed in alphabetical order for easy access. For example, Oregano would be listed under or . Once you have found the plant, click on the name for more information. A aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az B ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz C ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz D da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz E ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez F fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz G ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz H ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz I ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz J ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz K ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kx kx ky kz L la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz M ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz N na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz O oa ob oc oe of og oh oi oj ok

67. The Rubiaceae trees, shrubs, or infrequently herbs comprising http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/rubi.htm

68. UBC Department Of Botany - Links Medicinal/ Culinary herbs, Concerns everything about growing, harvesting, preserving,and using herbs. herbs, A list of herbs and what they are used for. http://www.botany.ubc.ca/links/herbal.html

Herbal Related Medicinal/ Culinary Herbs Concerns everything about growing, harvesting, preserving, and using herbs. Also has links to other sites. Great Herbs Has photographs, reports, and herb manuals for anyone interested. Also has info on where you can buy wildcrafted and organically gorwn herbs. Herbs A list of herbs and what they are used for. Good site for gardeners too! home department news students ... ubc

69. The Solanaceae herbs, shrubs, or trees comprising about http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/solan.htm

70. MBG: Applied Research Medicinal botany. Please Read resource. The Missouri Botanical Garden isnot advocating the use of any of the following drugs or herbs. Do http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/applied_research/medicinal.shtml

www.mobot.org Research Home Support MBG Research Search ... WORKSHOP SITE NAVIGATION: Home History Current Programs Research Policy ... Research Home All text and data on this site, unless otherwise noted, was compiled, written and edited by staff of the Applied Research Department. Medicinal Botany Please Read: The information found on this website is offered as an educational resource. The Missouri Botanical Garden is not advocating the use of any of the following drugs or herbs. Do not try to self-diagnose or attempt self-treatment for serious or long-term problems without first consulting a qualified medical professional. Two databases have been prepared for educational purposes. The first contains common uses, actions, and components for over 170 herbs. The second is a collection of drug names, their action or clinical use, and the plant from which the drug is derived. Herbs Commonly Used for Medicinal Purposes Currently contains 178 different herbs Headings: Common Name, Plant Species, Action or Clinical Use, Common Uses, Constituents, Plant Family, Geographic Origin Plant-Derived Compounds and Their Actions Currently contains 128 compounds Headings: Drug Name, Common Name, Action or Clinical Use, Plant Genus/Species, Plant Family, Geographic Origin

71. The Oxalidaceae herbs, shrubs, or http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/oxalid.htm

72. MBG: Research Links: Applied Research Publishes Economic botany four times a year. Teeter Creek herbs The great majorityof our herbs are either organically grown or wild crafted in the environs of http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/links9.shtml

www.mobot.org Research Home Support MBG Research Search ... QUICK SEARCH MO PROJECTS: Africa Asia/Pacific Mesoamerica North America ... Photo Essays MO RESEARCH: Applied Research Bryology GIS Graduate Studies ... Publications MO DATABASES: Image Index Rare Books Angiosperm Phylogeny ... All Databases INFORMATION: The Unseen Garden What's New? People at MO Visitor's Guide ... Plant Images Online Applied Research American Botanical Council ABC's goals are to educate the public about beneficial herbs and plants and to promote the safe and effective use of medicinal plants. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia AHP's goals are to produce herbal monographs that present detailed descriptions of each herb's history, botany, pharmacognosy, chemistry, analytical methods and clinical therapeutics. American Herbal Products Association The AHPA exists to serve its members by promoting the responsible commerce of products which contain herbs and which are used to enhance health and quality of life. American Herbalists Guild The AHG is the only peer-review organization for professional herbalists specializing in the medicinal use of plants. CAB International CABI Bioscience division is a global leader in applied biological sciences for sustainable agriculture and environmental safety. Other divisions include CABI

73. Permaculture Links 3000. The Internet mining company has two interesting and comprehensivesections botany and herbs For Health. The AgriSurf! Agricultural http://www.scs.leeds.ac.uk/pfaf/Links_4.html

Back to Plants For A Future home page. Back to Main Links Page Botany, Database and Pictures Want to find out more about a particular plant, then have a look at the following links. On this page: Ethnobotany The study of the uses of plants world wide. Databases More information than you could possible dream of. Photos and pictures So what do all these wonderful plants look like? On other pages: Main Links Page Including: Permaculture Sustainable Agriculture Other Systems Organics ... News Groups and Mailing Lists One of the best ways for finding answers to specific queries is to ask others on the Internet, Theres a lot of knowledgeable people out there. Databases, Botany and Photos Various places where you can find more information about specific plants: Ethnobotany Databases Photos and pictures UK Permaculture Organisations Offline Lots of addresses of useful UK groups. Suppliers Places world wide where you can find interesting plants ( Fournisseurs de Plantes, Francais rather out of data). Other Links Other Links to non plant related sites, and reciprocal links. New Links Recient additions to the links page.

74. Botany 04/08/2002. herbs, Folklore Science. The fact that almost everyone has an elderwho is a herbalist has hindered us from taking a critical look at herbs. http://www.ontarioprofessionals.com/weird2.htm

Weird Science D. Andrew White M.Sc. - 04/08/2002 Herbology is one of the oldest sciences. Human beings have been using herbs for medicines for thousands of years, and almost every culture has had some herbal medicine tradition. Many modern medicines were derived, originally, from herbal remedies. In fact, it is a mystery as to how 'pre-scientific' cultures discovered some of these herbal concoctions. Some of the herbal effects are quite subtle, others require complex preparation, some herbs are only effective when mixed with other agents. How did our ancestors discover these remedies? This ancient knowledge is a true marvel (Davis 1996, Heatherley 1998). Worldwide today there is a belief that natural herbal medicines are safer and better than synthetic pharmaceuticals. The fact that almost everyone has an elder who is a herbalist has hindered us from taking a critical look at herbs. (No nice person wants to dis an elder!) For it is not commonly realised that not all of traditional herbal lore is accurate Scientific investigation has shown that herbal efficacy is due to natural chemicals in the herbs. In other words

75. Botany Glossary "H" Herb. An herb is a plant that has a soft stem and is not woody. Plants that areherbs do not undergo secondary growth. Herbaceous. Herbicide. Herbivores. herbs. http://www.puc.edu/Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/botglosh.htm

Habitat Habitation Haploid Hardwood Hardwood is wood (the xylem of the tree) that contains both tracheids and vessels Softwoods contain only tracheids. Hawks Hazelnut Head DIAGRAMS: Head Inflorescence PHOTOS: Heart Shaped Heartwood Heartwood is the xylem in the center of the tree that has stopped conducting water and minerals and is storing waste products from the plant. These waste products are of various types. In redwood trees these materials causes the heartwood to turn red. These products help to preserve the wood, particularly in redwoods. Heartwood can be contrasted with Sapwood , particularly in redwoods, because the heartwood is red and the sapwood is white. The sapwood is the portion of the xylem that is conducting water and minerals and hasn't started storing waste products. DIAGRAMS: Heartwood Heartwood PHOTOS: Hemlocks Hepaticae Herb An herb is a plant that has a soft stem and is not woody. Plants that are herbs do not undergo secondary growth Herbaceous Herbaceous plants are plants that are herbs with soft, non-woody stems and no secondary growth Herbals Herbicide Herbivores Herbs (as in herbs for seasoning) Hesperidium Heterocyst DIAGRAMS: PHOTOS: Nostoc Nostoc Heterogametes Heterothallic Heterotrophs Hickory nut Hierarchical Higher plants Hilum DIAGRAMS: Cotyledons PHOTOS: Hoarhound Holdfast Homosporous Homothallic Hooks Horizontal Hormogonia Hormones Hornworts Horsetails Horsetails are a group of tracheophytes that are characterized by stems and rhizomes that have ridges and furrows. In the stem are contained carinal and vallecular canals. The carinal canal is smaller of the two and is associated with the vascular bundle and is opposite the ridges of the stem and rhizome. The vallecular canal is opposite the furrows. Horsetails are in the division Sphenophyta and have only one genus, Equisetum. These plants are typically found in damp to wet habitats.

76. Ibiblio > Collection Index > Natural Science And Mathematics > Botany regenerative agriculture, beekeeping, composting, entomology, botany, ponds, self marketgardening, marketing science, soil quality, herbs, plants, microfarm http://www.ibiblio.org/collection/collection.php?second=86

77. Garden Botany Raunkiaer's Classification System The famous Danish botanist Raunkiaer noted thatthe traditional classification of plants into trees, shrubs, herbs, and other http://www.bbg.org/gar2/topics/botany/parts_grouping.html

Pest Alerts Gardening Topics Home Gardening Information ... Garden Botany Grouping Plants by Form and Function Plants are grouped together according to their form or function in a variety of ways. One of the most obvious takes into account the overall form of the plant. Habit is one way of discussing overall form. Habit Gardeners traditionally have grouped plants into broad categories on the basis of their overall appearance, or habit. The following is a list of the more common habits of plants: Trees : Woody plants with a single or few trunks near the base. Shrubs : Woody plants that branch near the base and therefore have several trunks. Lianas : Woody plants that climb on other plants and use them for support. They may climb via tendrils, hooks, pads, aerial roots, or other mechanisms. Herbs : Non-woody plants. There are several types of herbs, including: Forbs : Broad-leaved herbs. Graminoids : Grass-like herbs, with very narrow leaves. Ferns : Herbs with broad but highly dissected leaves and no flowers. Herbaceous vines: Non-woody plants that climb on other plants. Raunkiaer's Classification System The famous Danish botanist Raunkiaer noted that the traditional classification of plants into trees, shrubs, herbs, and other categories based on habit does not take into account much of the ecology or lifestyle of the plants. He devised an alternative system, based on lifestyle and the position of buds (the points on a stem from which new shoots grow in the spring), with the following categories:

78. Herbs John's Wort J Crow's herbs Spices Oils Lavender Lady Herbals Lambs Thyme herbs Teas Medical botany Medical botany Introduction Medicinal Herb FAQ's http://www.cairns.net.au/~sharefin/Markets/Alt19.htm

Cyber Emporium Self Sufficiency Eclectic Scategories Gold Charts ... My Page HERBS About - Herbs For Health Abundant Life Herb Shop Algy's Herbs Alternative Herbal Remedies ... Please support our sponsors

79. The Fresh Herbs Of Summer botany Hall at Carnegie Museum of Natural History has a display of a typical westernPennsylvania culinary herb garden, featuring 42 herbs, and pointing out http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmag/bk_issue/1997/julaug/dept4.htm

The Fresh Herbs of Summer By Lynn Parrucci F resh herbs are a key to a good recipe. They can add aroma to food, and this contributes more to a food's appeal than taste, since taste is limited to sweet, sour, salty and bitter. Herbs contain volatile oils which can be used to replace salt as flavor enhancers. But in order for us to smell the aroma, the aromatic molecules need to be in a vapor phase. These oils evaporate readily at normal temperatures and pressures, which is why herbs smell so good when hung in our kitchens or placed in salads. When herbs are warmed, as in sauces or even in our mouths, more molecules are released as vapors, making the sensation stronger and the food more appetizing. For herb lovers, the mint family, or Lamiaceae (or Labiatae), is the most eminent plant family of those with the strongly scented oils. Included among the 5,600 species of Lamiaceae are basil, mint, marjoram, oregano, rosemary, sage and thymeall part of our everyday selection of herbs. The active oil in mint is a remarkable substance called menthol. In On Food and Cooking Harold McGee says menthol raises the threshold temperature at which cold receptors in our skin begin to discharge. So our mouths feel cool, and a cool drink feels cold. This may account for mint's popular use as a complement to iced teas and other fun drinks. In dry herbs, the cell structure is broken down, making it easier to extract more oils, and making them more potent. When cooking with dry herbs, recipes usually call for less. Still, most fresh basil enthusiasts will argue that the aroma of dried basil can never compare to the sweet complexity of fresh leaves which adds subtle hints of anise and mint. Because oils evaporate, over a period of time dry herbs will lose their flavor. Storing them whole rather than ground, and in air-tight containers, will extend their shelf life.

80. Ethnobotanical Leaflets Worldwide Economic botany Resources features a new link on herbs andherb gardening from the United States Department of Agriculture. http://www.siu.edu/~ebl/

Edition 2003 WELCOME to Ethnobotanical Leaflets Keith Harrison and Rebecca Brown are featured artists. Research Notes include an interview with Shutsung Liao, Director of the Tang Center for herbal research at the University of Chicago, an herb walk with OTS' Luis Diego Gómez, director of the Wilson Botanical Garden and Las Cruces Biological Station in Coto Brús, Costa Rica, and a special article on Varroa mites in honey bees and herbal and biological research to fight them. Ethno News and Happenings An opportunity to visit the Domestication exhibition in Paris should not be missed. EBL's Policy Corner has a note on recent National Science Foundation grants relevant to Economic and Ethnobotany. Worldwide Economic Botany Resources features a new link on herbs and herb gardening from the United States Department of Agriculture. There are also links to various ethnobotanical projects and organizations around the world. Enjoy. As always, contributions from our readers are welcome. Web Journal Your source of information on Economic Plants Pharmacological considerations of Tylophora asthmatica , by Dr. Amrit Pal Singh, MD

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