81. < < E - N I G E R I A . I N F O > > Muslim parts of the north, indigenous peoples produced their material for Black andAfrican peoples all over secular works, including the hausalanguage poetry http://www.e-nigeria.info/social.htm

-Quick Search- Activities Tour Operators Hotels Introduction Useful Tips Maps Currency Safety Health Climate Time Zones Getting There Social Life What To Bring Business History Attractions Events People Beaches Useful Info Fact file History Insurance Environment Sports Beaches Fishing Museums Historical Sites National Parks Cities Gorilla Trails Contact Us Useful Links Advertise Privacy Policy Main Page Links Contact Us Advertise Privacy Policy ... Historical Sites Destinations- Kainji Lake National Park Yankari National Park Kano Abuja Gashaka Gunti Nat.Park Cross-River Nat.Park Port Harcourt Okhomu Nat.Park

82. EDU2 : Level 3 THE LITERATURE AND CINEMA OF africa AND CARIBBEAN; hausa,swhahili,yoruba IndigenousPeoples' Literature; Inuktitut Translations; Kiowa Orthography; Klamath / Modoc http://www.my-edu2.com/EDU/langua1.htm

EDU2 :LANGUAGES - XEUROPEAN ABCentral Search Helpers Submit a Link ... TURKISH *AFRICA* African 300 - Hausa Verbal Art in Translation - Hunter African Languages African Writers Index Bemba - Title ... jarida:african lang. hausa,swhahili,yoruba *ARABIC* Arabic Arabic at Penn Fun With Arabic- learn Arabic in a fun and easy way Les Médias - L'écriture arabe ... adab islami - Muslim intellectuals and Literature *ASIA* LANGUAGES ASIAN : TITLE *AUSTRALIAN NATIVE* 4.7 POST-CONTACT LANGUAGES OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA A Warlpiri Text: Punishments ANU - Aboriginal Studies WWW VL - Languages Aboriginal Languages of Australia ... Handbook of WA Aboriginal languages, south of the Kimberley *CHEROKEE* A Small Lexicon of Tsalagi words Cherokee Companion Cherokees of California:language Moondoves Spiral:and the cherokee dictionary ... The Cherokee Alphabet and Pronunciation Guide *HAWAII* 'O-lelo Hawai'i Index Hawaiian Language Center - University of Hawaii at Hilo Hawaiian Language ~ Kâ `Ôlelo Hawai`i: E Komo Mai! (Welcome!): Words, lessons, Aloha, culture, Hawaiian wise sayings Hawaiian Language ... Slightly Bent Hawaiian Phrases *HEBREW* Biblical Aramaic Biblical Hebrew Elementary Hebrew: Introduction Hebrew Language Online Sites ... R.G.Lehmann, Hebraeisch und Aramaeisch/Classical Hebrew and Aramaic in Mainz

83. The Ogoni Experience Nigeria, the giant of africa and the most populous black nation of the world, is AlthoughNigeria has major tribes such as hausa, Yoruba and Ibo, yet oil in http://www.maanystavat.fi/oileng/charity.htm

84. WebPulaaku/Sokoto/H.A.S. Johnston/The Fulani Empire Of Sokoto/ Gida(n) the house (of). HaaBe a word used by the Fulani to describe the indigenouspeoples of the Sudan. Magaji a hausa title. Maghreb Moslem North africa. http://www.pulaaku.net/defte/hasJohnston/glossary.html

webPulaaku Sokoto H.A.S. Johnston. The Fulani Empire of Sokoto London. Ibadan. Nairobi: Oxford University Press. 1967. 312 p. Glossary Ajele an executive official (literally Deputy) in Nupe. Alhaji courtesy title accorded to any man who has made the Pilgrimage to Mecca. The Hausa form of Haffl. Alkali a judge in a Moslem court. Alkalin Alkalai Moslem Chief Justice. ArDo a Fulani title, often accorded to the head of a clan or sub-clan. Askia the title of the rulers of the Songhai Empire after Muhammad Askia. Atikawa the members of the Atilm branch of the Sokoto ruling family. -awa suffix meaning 'the people of', e.g. Gobirawa, the people of Gobir. Ba- Banza Bakwai Barebari Berber. Birni n a walled town, hence a city. Chief this title has been used to describe the rulers of the Hausa States in distinction to 'Emir', which has been reserved for their Fulani successors. Chiroma a title originating in Bornu but later widely adopted by the Hausas and die Fulani. Normally reserved for members of the ruling family. Dagachi another tide originating in Bornu but adopted in Hausaland, particularly in the eastern Emirates, and retained by the Fulani. Dan son of, equivalent of Arabic

85. Len Milich: Hausa Coping Options refugee communities from northern peoples fleeing the no attempt to transform indigenousfarm technology. Virtually all hausa households attempted to cultivate http://ag.arizona.edu/~lmilich/afoodsec.html

Household Coping Options in Hausaland, West Africa Hausaland's Climatological Factors Hausaland contains three distinct ecological zones, defined by differences in the mean growing season (May to October) rainfall. From south to north (and from subhumid to arid), these are the Guinean, Sudanian, and Sahelian zones . All Hausaland has a distinct summer rainy season that is linked to the migration of the equatorial trough (the land segment of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone) toward the thermal equator (well north of the geographic equator during the northern hemisphere summer). There is a pronounced unimodal rainfall maximum in August, with a seasonal length of four to six months' duration. Mean annual rainfall ranges from less than 400 mm in the extreme northeast to greater than 800 mm in the south. The coefficient of interannual variation in rainfall is at most 40 percent in the far north, but is closer to 20 - 30 percent in the remainder of Hausaland. (A coefficient of variation of 30 percent is a measure of uncertainty; it implies that during any one year, a mean annual rainfall of 600 mm may be expected to be as low as 360 mm or as high as 960 mm.) Famine in Hausaland Rainfall is the critical limiting factor in peasant rainfed agriculture (Watts, 1983). Drought and famine are certainly no strangers in Hausaland, but it is dangerous to ascribe

86. Captive Passage: The Transatlantic Slave Trade And The Making Of The Americas Peru), the Sokoto caliphate, and the hausa (Nigeria). The resistance of the indigenouspeoples to slavery only increased Slaves soon followed them from africa. http://www.mariner.org/captivepassage/introduction/int001.html

Captive Passage has been made possible in part by: Recognition of additional sponsors for this exhibition can be found by clicking on ExhibitionSponsors Slavery dates back to beyond recorded history when mankind went from hunting and gathering to farming for subsistence. From the earliest periods of recorded history, slavery has been found in the world's most "advanced" regions. It was known in Shang-dynasty China (c. 1500-c. 1066 BC) and ancient Egypt and is recorded in the Babylonian code of Hammurabi (c. 1750 BC), the Code of the Nesilim (Hittites)(1650 - 1500 B.C.) and in the Bible (Genesis 9:25-27). The legal codes of Sumer provide documentary evidence that slavery existed there as early as the 4 th c. millennium BC. The Sumerian symbol for slave, in cuneiform writing, suggests "foreign," indicating that the slave is somehow different from the master. The first true slave society in history emerged in ancient Greece between the 6 th and 4 th centuries BC. In slave markets of Athens, Rhodes, Corinth, and Delos, a thousand slaves might change hands in an afternoon. After a major battle, as many as 20,000 captives might go on the block. Aesop, the legendary teller of fables, is alleged to have been a freed Greek slave of the 6

87. Profile - Chad Chadic languages, especially hausa, are spoken in the way of life of the indigenouspeoples and little like other French colonies in africa, became independent http://www.inadev.org/profile_-_chad.htm

I INTRODUCTION Chad , republic in north central Africa. Chad is bounded on the north by Libya; on the east by Sudan; on the south by the Central African Republic; and on the west by Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger. The landlocked country has an area of 1,284,000 sq km (495,755 sq mi). N’Djamena is the capital and largest city. II LAND AND RESOURCES Chad’s terrain is dominated by the low-lying Chad Basin (elevation about 250 m/820 ft), which rises gradually to mountains and plateaus on the north, east, and south. In the east heights of more than 900 m (more than 3,000 ft) are attained in the Ennedi and Ouaddaï plateaus. The greatest elevations are reached in the Tibesti massif in the north, with a maximum height of 3,415 m (11,204 ft) at Emi Koussi. The northern half of the republic lies in the Sahara. The only important rivers, the Logone and Chari (Shari), are located in the southwest and flow into Lake Chad. The lake doubles in size during the rainy season. A Climate The northern portion of Chad is hot and arid. The central section has three seasons: hot from March to July; rainy from July to October, with rainfall averaging from about 250 to 750 mm (about 10 to 30 in); and cool during the remaining months. The southern section has similar seasons but receives about 1,145 mm (about 45 in) of rain in the same four months. B Natural Resources Although only 3 percent of Chad’s land is cultivated, the agricultural resources are of primary importance. Indigenous crops, as well as those recently introduced, yield important food products. Extensive fish resources in Lake Chad and the Chari River are also of vital importance. Natron (sodium carbonate) is the only mineral extracted in significant quantities. Deposits of petroleum near Lake Chad and uranium in the north have been discovered but remain unexploited. Other untapped mineral resources include tungsten, tin, bauxite, gold, iron ore, and titanium.

88. African American Studies understanding, reading, and speaking of hausa, a language The impact of indigenousand foreign philosophies on literature and orature of African peoples on the http://www.temple.edu/ugbulletinarchive/webarchive/bulletin2000/ugradbulletin/uc

02401/African American Studies Preparatory Level 0024. Elementary Yoruba (3 s.h.) S An introductory course in the understanding, reading, and speaking of Yoruba, an African language which has had a major impact on the African cultures of Brazil, Haiti, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and the United States. Students will be taught grammar, vocabulary, and conversation in the language. Mode: Lecture-demonstration. . 0025. Elementary Hausa (3 s.h.) F An introductory course in the understanding, reading, and speaking of Hausa, a language spoken by more than 70 million people in West Africa. Students will be taught grammar, vocabulary, and conversation in the language. Mode: Lecture-demonstration. . 0044. The Black Church (3 s.h.) S An examination of the significant role the Black church has played in creating an African-American response to social, political, and economic obstacles and barriers in America. Introduction to Richard Allen, Henry McNeal Turner, Martin Luther King, Jr., and other church leaders. Students learn to appreciate how the church builds the community, maintains culture, and produces leaders. Lower Level 0050. Afrocentricity (3 s.h.)

89. AAS Undergraduate Courses understanding, reading and speaking of hausa, a language The impact of indigenousand foreign philosophies on literature and orature of African peoples on the http://www.temple.edu/AAS/courses.htm

Preparatory Level 024. Elementary Yoruba (3 s.h.) An introductory course in the understanding, reading, and speaking of Yoruba, an African language which has had a major impact on the African cultures of Brazil, Haiti, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and the United States. Students will be taught grammar, vocabulary, and conversation in the language. The course will be a lecture-demonstration. 025. Elementary Hausa (3 s.h.) An introductory course in the understanding, reading and speaking of Hausa, a language spoken by more than 70 million people in West Africa. Students will be taught grammar, vocabulary, and conversation in the language. The course will be a lecture-demonstration. 044. The Black Church (3 s.h.) An examination of the significant role the black church has played in creating an African American response to social, political, and economic obstacles and barriers in America. Introduction to Richard Allen, Henry McNeal Turner, Martin Luther King, Jr., and other church leaders. Students learn to appreciate how the church builds the community, maintains culture, and produces leaders. Lower Level 050. Afrocentricity (3 s.h.) FS

90. African Art On The Internet Features a wide variety of links devoted to the study and display of ancient and modern African art. http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/art.html

Topics : Art Search: Countries Topics Africa Guide Suggest a Site ... Africa Home See also: South African Art Photographs Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Afribilia London-based dealer offers for sale African coins, military medals, bank notes, documents, badges, postcards, and other historical / political artifacts. Site of David Saffery. http://www.afribilia.com/ Africa e Mediterraneo (Roma : Istituto sindacale per la cooperazione allo sviluppo) In Italian. A quarterly magazine about African culture and society. Has the table of contents. Topics covered: literature and theatre, music and dance, visual arts (painting, sculpture, photography) , cinema, immigration. Owned by Lai-momo, a non-profit co-operative. Contact:

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 5     81-90 of 90    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5