41. ARS South Atlantic Area :: Florence, South Carolina Total soil and water management are emphasized to overcome problems of drought,water excess, poor soil physical conditions, low soil fertility, and water http://www.nps.ars.usda.gov/locations/locations.htm?modecode=66-57-15-00

42. ARS Project: Conservation Production Systems For Improved Profitability And Soil Develop improved soil management techniques to reduce risk from shortterm drought;develop integrated weed control methods to reduce competition for water and http://www.nps.ars.usda.gov/projects/projects.htm?accession=404514

43. Drought - In Depth benefits of conservation practices because soil moisture is A public information programabout the drought hazard in way to ensure good water management in the http://www.tnema.org/EmerPrep/Drought.htm

44. Drought Tolerant Plants Grass Recycling. waterwise Gardening. Climate Zones. Plant Hydrozones. DroughtTolerant Plants. Native Plants. soil pH. soil Organisms. Integrated Pest management. http://www.smartgardening.com/Drought_Tolerant_Plants.htm

Smart Gardening Home Backyard Composting Composting Biology Composting Methods ... Community Gardens Have question or need to contact us? Just click on the e-mail link below, and we'll get back to you as soon as possible. If you need help faster, just call 888-CLEANLA. Webmaster Privacy Notice Legal Notices and Trademark Attributions Los Angeles County Department of Public Works Environmental Programs Division Last updated on: Feb. 12, 2003 DROUGHT TOLERANT PLANTS Drought-tolerant plants, shrubs and trees are specially adapted to grow well in regions that get little, or infrequent, amounts of normal rain. These plants require less water to live in Southern California's natural climate and soil and tend to be more pest and disease resistant. Some of these plants are native species, while others are imported, typically from other areas of the world with a similar Mediterranean climate, such as Southern Europe, North Africa, South Africa, Australia, Brazil and some coastal areas of Mexico. Pick the Right Plants Choosing the appropriate drought-tolerant plants for your landscape is important. There are many sources of information about drought tolerant plants, including the Western Garden Guide

45. Institute Of Agriculture & Natural Resources--Drought Publications Forestry, soil management. Horticulture, water management. Publications with informationpertaining to drought Horticulture watering Nebraska Landscapes, When and http://www.ianr.unl.edu/pubs/drought.htm

Departments/ Units Directories Calendar Search ... International Programs Publications Catalog Catalog Home Page Search Publications Publications Order Form Institute Newsletters ... Class Acts Browse Publications Animal Diseases Animals, General Beef Irrigation Engineering ... Wildlife Management Publications with information pertaining to drought Horticulture Watering Nebraska Landscapes, When and How Much (G1400) Conserving Water in the Landscape (G1061) Environmental Stresses and Tree Health (G1036) Perennial Flowers for Water-wise Gardeners (G1214) ... Evaluating Your Landscape Irrigation System (G1181) Livestock Management of Early Weaned Calves (G655) Managing Feedlot Heat Stress (G1409) Creep Feeding Beef Calves (G166) Range and Forage Integrating Management Objectives and Grazing Strategies on Semi-arid Rangeland (EC158), available from your local NU Cooperative Extension Office (Cost: $2) Drought Management on Range and Pastureland: A Handbook for Nebraska and South Dakota (EC123)

46. NYSDEC Drought Fact Sheet management Task Force uses those factors as well as water use, duration of New Yorkalso uses the Palmer drought Index, a measure of soil moisture computed http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dow/droughtfacts.html

Drought Facts More information from this division: Division of Water Drought Information Summary of Current Conditions New York State Drought Region Map What You Can Do To Save Water Other Links of Interest... New York is rich with water resources. Our celebrated streams, lakes, and coasts are fed by an average annual precipitation that ranges from 60 inches in the Catskills to 28 inches in the Lake Champlain Valley. But even here, in our "temperate moist" climate, normal fluctuations in regional weather patterns can lead to periods of dry weather. Occasional drought is a normal, recurrent feature of virtually every climate in the United States. The last severe droughts in New York occurred in the mid-1960s, and again in the early and mid-1980s. What is Drought? Meteorologists and hydrologists have their own precise definitions of drought. Meteorologists compare deficiencies in precipitation to normal levels when they speak of drought. Hydrologists consider stream flow and water levels in aquifers, lakes, and reservoirs along with precipitation. New York uses elements of both disciplines to determine when a drought is occurring. The State Drought Index compares five parameters to historic or "normal" values to evaluate drought conditions: stream flows, precipitation, lake and reservoir storage levels, and groundwater levels. New York's Drought Management Task Force uses those factors as well as water use, duration of the dry period, and season to assess drought in different parts of the state.

47. (Text) MSc Water Resources 2 and drought prone areas. The course will consider agronomic, biological and engineeringaspects of soil and water conservation. Sustainable management of soil http://www.cazs.bangor.ac.uk/english/textonly/teaching/txwr2_e.htm

Back Up Next MSc Water Resources page 2 of 3 The Taught Course The course is based on ten modules. Four of these are core modules which must be taken AND passed; three others are compulsory. One other is recommended, with other options available according to the student's preferences. In addition, students must complete a field trip report and take a final examination at the end of their course - these carry the same weighting as the other modules. The modules are described briefly below. It is possible to select alternative modules from the school list (timetable permitting) in discussion with the course director, and we encourage individuals to tailor their course of study to their own particular needs and interests. The taught modules represent 100 nominal hours of student effort: 30-40 hours of contact time 30-40 hours for private study 20-25 hours for assessment 3 weeks (15 days) of timetabled space is provided for each taught module. Core modules are Principles of Hydrology I and II, Water Quality and Water Resources Management. Other compulsory modules are Groundwater, Land Husbandry in Drought-prone Areas, and Water Resources Evaluation. The recommended module is Crop Water Management, but this may be substituted by Natural Resource Economics and Policy. Each module is a mixture of lectures, laboratory, field and assessed coursework. If possible visits are also arranged to the Institute of Hydrology at Wallingford and to relevant meetings (e.g. those organised by the Geological Society of London and the British Hydrological Society).

48. Government Universities, water Conservation drought Resources, Discussion Colorado, Fort Collins water management Unit. Louisiana, Baton Rouge - soil and water Research http://www.irrigation.org/links_government.htm

Links: Government Libraries Irrigation Standards Associations Publications ... Business Sites Links: Government USDA-Agricultural Research Service California Department of Water Resources C.I.M.I.S. Economic Research Service, USDA (Irrigation and Water Use Briefing Room) National Agricultural Library, U.S. ... Washington, Prosser - Irrigated Agriculture Research/Extension Center Hyperlinks Are Not Endorsements Links to other websites or references to products, services or publications other than those of The Irrigation Association at this website, do not imply the endorsement or approval of such websites, products, services or publications by The Irrigation Association, nor are such links or references any indication that The Irrigation Association has received specific authorization to provide these links or references. Rather, the links to other websites at this website are provided as a convenience to users of this website and to encourage the unrestricted, unfettered and free flow of information on the Internet. ©2003 The Irrigation Association Contact The Irrigation Association Please send your questions and comments to The IA Webmaster

49. Drought And Nutrient Management - Looking Ahead In 2003 drought underscores the fact that nutrient applications in Combinations of good levelsof soil fertility, use weed control all help improve water use efficiency http://www.ppi-far.org/ppiweb/ppibase.nsf/$webindex/article=45747BF685256CC90072

Features Ag Stats All About P All About K Awards ... What's New Research 2002 Interpretive Summaries Research Database Education Agri-Briefs Better Crops Better Crops International Enviro-Briefs ... PPI/PPIC CATALOG About PPI/PPIC History Member Companies Personnel Press Releases ... Printable Version Has there ever been a year when every farmer received just the right amount of rainfall at the optimum time for crops throughout the growing season? Probably not, and it will likely never happen. If your area was hit by drought last season, what adjustments are needed this year? The total impact of a dry year usually cannot be assessed until well after harvest. Yet, experience can help guide management decisions to boost crop yield opportunities for the new crop. Here are some things to think about: Yields of drought-damaged crops grown under conditions of good nutrient availability will be higher than those where fertility levels were poor. Crop response to adequate fertilization is good in times of moisture stress. Yield increases may actually be greater than when growing conditions are optimum. Nutrient carryover due to drought may not be as great as many will estimate. If drought-damaged crops are harvested as hay or silage, nutrient removal will be greater than for grain crops, even if yields are lower than normal.

50. Washington's Water Hot water Conservation EB 1895 soil management for Small of Chemical Analysis of Irrigationwater EM 4828 EM 4830 Vegetable Crops EM 4832 drought Advisory Set http://wawater.wsu.edu/FocusAreas/Water Quantity and Policy.htm

FOCUS AREAS Water Quantity and Policy Overview Outcomes Measurements 1. Number of acres of agricultural land that utilize current science-based irrigation methods 2. Number of agriculturists educated in water management techniques 3. Number of individuals applying water conservation methods in the home 4. Number of individuals who use water conserving landscapes 5. Number of educational programs for public decision-makers WSU Resource Materials EB 1090 Watering Home Gardens and Landscape Plants EB 1304 Simple Irrigation Scheduling Using Pan Evaporation EB 1305 Sprinkler Irrigation: Application Rates and Depths EB 1579 Landscape Plants for the Inland Northwest EB 1716 Farming Practices for Groundwater Protection EB 1722 How Fertilizers and Plant Nutrients Affect Groundwater Quality EB 1730 Pesticide Mixing and Loading Options to Protect Water Quality EB 1810 A Ready Reference for Irrigation Manual of Practice EB 1852e Conserving Water Indoors EB 1858e Hot Water Conservation EB 1895 Soil Management for Small Farms EM 3522 Interpretation of Chemical Analysis of Irrigation Water EM 4828 Surface Irrigation Systems

51. BUET- Institute Of Water And Flood Management: Course Content estimates and water demand; Storage and drought related statistics WFM 6301 Agriculturalwater management soilplant-water relations; water requirement of crops http://www.buet.ac.bd/iwfm/content.htm

Course Content WFM 5101: Watershed Hydrology Hydrology and watershed; Hydrologic cycle; Rainfall-runoff; Hydrometry; Water balance in watershed; Hydrologic processes in different land covers: agricultural, forest, urban, floodplain and wetlands; Watershed models; Climate change; Effects of landuse change in watershed. WFM 5102: Soils and Soil Water Physical properties of soil; Classification of soil; Agroecological zones; Soil-air-water interactions; Water movement in soil; Soil-plant interactions; Soil colloids; Nutrient availability and soil water regimes; Micronutrients; Soil salinity; Soil strength, compaction and consolidation; Soil pressure; Soil erosion and conservation. WFM 5103: Hydrogeology and Groundwater Subsurface environment; Water bearing properties of rocks and soils; Principles of groundwater movement; Recharge; Groundwater withdrawal; Groundwater quality; Groundwater in coastal zones; Hydrogeological mapping; Groundwater management; Conjunctive use; Groundwater models; Groundwater development in Bangladesh. WFM 5201: Data Management and Statistical Analysis Data requirement for water resources development; Sources of data; Remote sensing; Geographical Information System; Data testing; Data generation; Statistics; Descriptive statistics; Frequency analysis; Inferential statistics; Correlation and regression; Time series analysis.

52. When Necessary, "Just-in-Time" Irrigating Can Save Water to limited irrigations by using deeply stored soil water and quickly wheat is mostsensitive to drought during shooting Irrigation water management When and http://www.montana.edu/wwwpb/ag/irrigate.html

Campus Business Agriculture Nature/Resources ... Students Montana State University Communications Services When Necessary, "Just-in-Time" Irrigating can Save Water By Jim Bauder MSU Extension Soil and Water Quality Specialist BOZEMAN "You can irrigate more acres with less water and not lower crop yields if the applications are well-timed, says a Montana State University Extension specialist. "Timing is the key when water is limited," says Jim Bauder, Extension water quality specialist. When you get the best water use, you can use water and equipment elsewhere. Seed-producing crops like wheat, barley, corn, sunflowers and beans typically respond more to irrigations at a particular stage of development, says Bauder. Yields of sugar beets, potatoes, alfalfa and grasses are more directly related to heat and cumulative water use than to stress at particular growth stage. Crops like grain and oilseeds typically are sensitive during heading, flowering and pollination. Drought stress that occurs between seed development and maturity also limits yield, but to a lesser degree. These same crops are relatively insensitive to drought during the early vegetative period. Tuber and root crops are relatively insensitive to moderate drought stress for short intervals throughout the entire crop growing season. Crops like potatoes, sugar beets, alfalfa and pasture, quickly recover from short stress periods with little reduction in yields.

53. Grazing Management - Extended Drought by Dr. Jeff Mosley, Extension Range management Specialist, Department of had accessto more soil water and were After an extended drought, however, deeprooted http://animalrangeextension.montana.edu/Articles/Beef/Q&A2001/Graze-drought.htm

Home Search To Beef Publications Page Grazing Management During and After Extended Drought From "Beef: Questions & Answers" newsletter* To me, drought and taxes have a lot in common: they're both facts of life that must be dealt with periodically; they're both royal pains in the rear; and they both carry serious consequences if we choose to ignore them. Most ranch businesses can readily adjust to one or two dry years in a row, and I don't believe that short-term drought necessitates major changes to most ranch grazing plans. However, three or more successive dry years challenge even the best graziers, and unfortunately, many range livestock producers across our state now face this situation. Besides the immediate concerns about how to feed the livestock, serious drought also stresses the land, often to the brink of change. Years can pass without much apparent change to seeded pastures and rangelands, but extended drought can cause dramatic shifts in vegetation. The land then remains relatively unchanged until the next environmental trigger occurs. Drought conditions over the last three or four years have created an environmental trigger for Montana's pastureland and rangeland, and failure to care for the land during this year may create serious consequences for decades to come. Assess Drought Impact How much of an adjustment is needed to your ranch grazing plan for Spring and Summer 2001? The answer depends, of course, upon how hard you've been hit by drought. The drought has not impacted everyone to the same extent, and even pastures or portions of pastures within one ranch have not been affected equally. Consider these questions to assess drought's impact:

54. City Of Houston Office Of Emergency Management be considered as part of normal risk management. drought impacts may diminish rapidlyin the agricultural because of its reliance on soil water, but linger for http://www.ci.houston.tx.us/OEM/define.html

Mayor's Office Division of Emergency Management Other Weather Information First published: November 15, 1995 Understanding and Defining Drought The Concept of Drought Drought is a normal, recurrent feature of climate, although many erroneously consider it a rare and random event. It occurs in virtually all climatic zones,. although its characteristics vary significantly from one region to another. Drought is a temporary aberration and differs from aridity since the latter is restricted to low rainfall regions and is a permanent feature of climate. Drought is an insidious hazard of nature. Although it has scores of definitions, it originates from a deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time, usually a season or more. This deficiency results in a water shortage for some activity, group, or environmental sector. Drought should be considered relative to some long-term average condition of balance between precipitation and evapotranspiration (i.e., evaporation + transpiration) in a particular area, a condition often perceived as "normal." It is also related to the timing (i.e., principal season of occurrence, delays in the start of the rainy season, occurrence of rains in relation to principal crop growth stages) and the effectiveness of the rains (i.e., rainfall intensity, number of rainfall events). Other climatic factors such as high temperature, high wind, and low relative humidity are often associated with it in many regions of the world and can significantly aggravate its severity.

55. WATER USE MANAGEMENT possible. Place the least droughttolerant zone closest to a water source,in humus-rich soil, dappled shade, or near a water feature. http://www.des.state.nh.us/factsheets/ws/ws-26-4.htm

Water Supply Facts Guidance Documents Administrative Rules Geologic Publications Environmental Fact Sheet WD-WSEB-26-4 Fundamentals of Xeriscaping and Water-Wise Landscaping The concept of xeriscape began in Denver in response to severe water shortages. Though initially popular in the dry thirsty lands of the western United States, xeriscaping is rapidly gaining followers in the New England states as well. Here, where water has traditionally been plentiful, competing uses have created development-related shortages. Water-wise landscaping combines the principles of xeriscaping with the use of natural plantings. Not only does the concept of water-wise landscaping save water, money, upkeep and time, the results are beautiful. The average American family sprays a whopping 40 percent of their total water use on their landscape each spring and summer, very little of it actually being utilized by the plants. A water-wise landscape can reduce that wasteful use by 70 percent and the homeowner gets the added benefit of increasing his property value by as much as 15 percent. Though the Greek word "xeros" means "dry", a xeriscape is not. The term refers to the fact that xeriscapes use very little water. It isn't just replacing lawns with rocks and sand. It's an integrated program that takes seven basic principles into consideration. This fact sheet outlines those seven elements and goes a step or two beyond xeriscaping to incorporate ideas from the natural landscaping movement.

56. SRBC Water Management Program groundwater levels, precipitation, soil moisture, reservoir Implement Consumptivewater Use management Plan Basinwide drought Monitoring In cooperation with http://www.srbc.net/wmprogram.htm

Search for: Water Management Program The water resources of the Susquehanna basin are abundant and renewable compared to those in many parts of the world, and even relative to other places in the U.S. However, it is not always the case that water is available in the necessary quantity or quality, or is appropriately distributed in time and place. Planning and management are needed to cope with situations when supply exceeds capacity (flooding) or when demand exceeds supply (droughts). The activities of the Water Resources Management Division cover a wide range of categories including water supply management, flood plain management and protection, water resource monitoring, low flow management and project review. The diverse backgrounds of the division's staff provide a broad range of expertise in water resource management, engineering, hydrogeology, computer modeling and database management, biology, public outreach and field and laboratory skills. Summary of SRBC Water Management Activities: Watershed Coordination Water Resource Monitoring And Water Withdrawal Registration Project Review Flood Management Activities ... Ground-Water Management Watershed Coordination Water Resource Monitoring And Water Withdrawal Registration It is the goal of SRBC to register all surface and ground-water withdrawals in the basin exceeding 10,000 gallons-per-day, as well as to monitor current water resource data to determine potential flood or developing drought conditions. Commission personnel have been gathering, processing and recording water withdrawal information and maintaining the information for planning and project review decisions. Also, staff members monitor stream flows, ground-water levels, precipitation, soil moisture, reservoir levels and other hydrologic factors throughout the basin.

57. 33rd Annual BioCycle National Conference To Economic Development And Our water, soil And Energy projects in composting, biogasrecovery, drought and fire s Office of Energy management and Conservation. http://www.jgpress.com/Conferences/33National/Monday.html

TUESDAY, May 6 WEDNESDAY, May 7 REGISTER EXHIBIT INFO ... ADDITIONAL INFO MONDAY May 5, 2003 MORNING 9:00 AM - 12:15 PM Plenary Session Big Benefits From Sustainable Systems How Organics Recycling Brings New Life To Economic Development And Our Water, Soil And Energy Systems A state agency helps launch projects in composting, biogas recovery, drought and fire protection, wetlands development; Improving the economic outlook for recyclers. Energy Management and Conservation Adding facilities to fulfill regional waste management needs; Processing varied feedstocks; Marketing compost, mulches to meet drought management needs. Chuck Wilson, A1 Organics Initiatives by Zero Waste International Alliance to divert discards away from landfills and incinerators; Evaluating the range of measures and their impact. Eric Lombardi, Eco-Cycle Concurrent Session A Fighting Drought With Recycled Organics: Part I Building Soil Water Retention Through Microbial Development Critical role of compost applications to improve soil structure; Understanding key mechanisms for best results in overcoming drought effects on crops and animals. Vicki Bess, BBC Laboratories, Inc.

58. Let's Be Water Smart! The recharge rate is dependent on natural factors like the makeup of the soil, plantcover, slope water Conservation and drought management Plan, Section B http://www.bewatersmart.org/faq.html

Where does our household water come from? All of the water that we use in our homes comes from either a groundwater source, such as an aquifer, or from a surface water source, such as a river, lake, or reservoir. If you live in James City County and are a customer of the James City Service Authority, you are drinking groundwater from the Chickahominy-Piney Point Aquifer. An aquifer is a water-bearing layer of rock or sediment capable of yielding usable quantities of water. It is not an underground river, but rather a formation of porous rock that holds water. The JCSA uses wells to pump water from the aquifer to the surface, where we then treat and distribute the water to our customers. Groundwater is among the nation's supplies about 40% of the public water supply. Withdrawals of groundwater are expected to rise in the coming century as the population increases and available sites for surface reservoirs become more limited. How does the JCSA system work?

59. Natural Resources which are very productive under good management practices A Directory to soil andland surveys carried Natural Resources water, Victoria has significant water http://www.nre.vic.gov.au/web/root/Domino/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/naturalresources

Natural Resources Climate Landform Landuse ... Vegetation Natural Resources Victoria is well endowed with natural resources which underpin its agricultural, forestry, fisheries and tourism industries. The focus here is on presenting broadscale Victoria wide natural resource information. Over the course of the project more detailed regional-based information ( 'Regional Profile' ) will be presented. Victoria has a moderate climate which is generally favourable to plant growth. General climatic information for Victoria and links to Victorian climate maps (Bureau of Meteorology) are provided here. Climate Rainfall Temperature Drought Management Victoria has a diversity of landforms. Broadscale information on physiographic regions and an elevation model of the state are provided here. Landform Landform Description Elevation Geomorphology Approximately 57% of Victoria is agricultural freehold land, while around 34% of the state is public land. Generalised land use and land tenure maps of Victoria that show the distribution of these land uses are available here. Land Use Land Use and Land Tenure Land Use in 1944 Satellite Image of Victoria Victoria has a wide variety of soil types, many of which are very productive under good management practices. Generalised maps and information on Victoria's soils can be found here. A Directory to soil and land surveys carried out in Victoria is also accessible here.

60. ICRISAT: Dealing With Drought of rainfed agriculture through efficient use of conserved soil and water resources. Useimproved varieties that resist pests and tolerate drought. http://www.icrisat.org/text/news/2002/dealing_drought.htm

Dealing with drought 5 August 2002 Water is vital for agriculture. In the semi-arid tropics, where agriculture is predominantly rainfed and drought a recurring phenomenon, efficient water management practices like effective watersheds are becoming integral government policy. The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) along with national agricultural system (NARS) partners has been working on technologies to manage drought for rainfed crops for the last 30 years. Rainfed agriculture, which depends on the monsoon, generally faces long dry spells during the cropping season. This year's drought is the worst in a decade. But help is at hand. ICRISAT researchers and partners have developed and evaluated a number of options to suit various local conditions. If crops are already planted at the onset of monsoon but drought is affecting the established crops: Employ soil/water conservation measures such as interculturing to loosen the surface soil, which helps break the capillary movement of water through evaporation. It also helps remove weeds and minimises competition for water. Open dead furrows after every 10th crop row to increase infiltration and reduce runoff loses of rainwater.

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