41. ACES News report on June 25, 2002 detailing the environmental safety and environmentalbenefits of commercial biotechnologyderived soy, corn and cotton crops. http://web.aces.uiuc.edu/news/special-issues/springfarm/CAST.htm

February 1, 2003 CAST Says Biotech Crop Use Benefits Environment Source: David Onstad, U of I professor of ecology, (217)333-6820, onstad@uiuc.edu The Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), a non-profit consortium of scientists, released a comprehensive report on June 25, 2002 detailing the environmental safety and environmental benefits of commercial biotechnology-derived soy, corn and cotton crops. "In the past, isolated studies regarding the environmental impact of biotechnology-derived crops appeared to present conflicting results," said Teresa Gruber, the executive vice president of CAST. "Teams of researchers assembled by CAST have reviewed and analyzed the published studies in the context of current farming practices, and the results clearly show that soil, air and water quality are enhanced through the responsible use of current biotechnology-derived soybean, corn and cotton crops." Three independent teams of CAST researchers reviewed the available scientific literature to compare the environmental impacts of biotechnology-derived and traditional crops. The researchers are affiliated with Washington State University, the University of Illinois, Clemson University and the National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy.

42. Cotton CRC - Challenging Some Myths: Scientists Examine The Cotton Crop And Its The debate has led the CRC for Sustainable Cotton Production to undertakeirrigation scheduling experiments on cotton crops. We http://www.cotton.pi.csiro.au/Publicat/Articles/watermed.htm

Home CottonCRC/Staff Weather/Tools Information Resources ... Search Publicat :: Challenging some myths: scientists examine the cotton crop and its water use Challenging some myths: scientists examine the cotton crop and its water use Constantly criticised as a 'heavy user' of water, the cotton crop in fact has turned out to have moderate water requirements and, in comparison to other agricultural industries, has a strong research base constantly improving water use efficiency. Dr Greg Constable, Director of the Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Cotton Production, says "the average evaporation in the Namoi valley is 8 mm per day over the summer period. This evaporation is driven by solar radiation, temparature and wind. Any summer crop will use that amount of water during active growth. "Differences between crops are due to season length: some crops grow for a longer time than others. For example, an early maturing grain sorghum variety will use less water than cotton because it grows for a shorter time. "It is grossly inaccurate to call cotton a heavy user of water. All crops will use water at the same rate" said Dr Constable.

43. Cotton CRC - COOL WEATHER DELAYS COTTON SEASON Cool weather before Christmas and only one hot period since then hasdelayed the growth of irrigated cotton crops by about two weeks. http://www.cotton.pi.csiro.au/Publicat/Articles/CoolS00.htm

Home CottonCRC/Staff Weather/Tools Information Resources ... Search Publicat :: COOL WEATHER DELAYS COTTON SEASON 17 February 2000 COOL WEATHER DELAYS COTTON SEASON Cool weather before Christmas and only one hot period since then has delayed the growth of irrigated cotton crops by about two weeks. How this ultimately affects cotton yields depends on weather conditions for the remainder of the season, and insect pressure say researchers at the Australian Cotton Cooperative Research Centre (Cotton CRC). NSW Agriculture Entomologist, Dr Jonathon Holloway, working as part of the Cotton CRC said, "Early season insect management was easier this year compared with last season, due to low population pressures of Helicoverpa punctigera and Tipworm." He said, "Many growers and consultants have pushed soft options and integrated pest management (IPM) approaches further than ever before, and have learnt much about the potential for IPM". " Helicoverpa armigera pressure has been moderate but variable. However, in most regions, when significant numbers of

44. DANIEL ET AL. :WINTER COVER CROPS IN NO-TILL COTTON: I. BIOMASS Page: 75 DANIEL ET AL. WINTER COVER CROPS IN NOTILL COTTON I. BIOMASS, 75. A winter annualcover crop might alleviate erosion during the time between cotton crops. http://www.jcotsci.org/1999/issue03/agron/art01/Page75.html

DANIEL ET AL. :WINTER COVER CROPS IN NO-TILL COTTON: I. BIOMASS biomass, the less soil N available for potential leaching in to surface and ground waters. ABSTRACT Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) may not provide sufficient surface residue to reduce erosion and protect the soil between crops. A winter annual cover crop might alleviate erosion during the time between cotton crops. This experiment was conducted to evaluate selected winter annual cover crops for biomass production, ground cover, and aboveground N assimilation. Six cover crops, crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), hairy vetch ( Vicia vilosa L.), hairy vetch and rye ( Secale cereale L.), rye, wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. em.. Thell.), and white lupin ( Lupinus albus P . The average amount of aboveground N assimilated by cover crops ranged from 32 to 78 kg N ha , and was closely related to the amount of cover crop biomass produced. Growth and biomass production of cover crops was greatly affected by the climatic conditions during each season. otton is grown on approximately 42,000 ha annually in Virginia. The production area has increased four fold since 1993. Although most of the cotton is grown in the Coastal Plain, cotton acreage is increasing in the southern Piedmont region, where the topography confines agricultural production to small fields with significant slopes that are not well suited for cotton production.

45. CAST Publications Catalog Carpenter, Janet Coauthor, Comparative Environmental Impacts of Biotechnologyderivedand Traditional Soybean, Corn, and cotton crops, June 2002 report PDF http://www.cast-science.org/pubs/index-author.htm

46. CAST Biotechnology Communications Comparative Environmental Impacts of Biotechnologyderived and Traditional Soybean,Corn, and cotton crops, a comprehensive review of the scientific literature http://www.cast-science.org/biotechnology/

47. FB Country AG News Chemical Business NewsBase Crops 02-11-2003; Problems with Monsanto's geneticallymodified cotton crops in India ..Despite expressions of satisfaction by http://acres.fb.com/fbnewsx.php?sect=Agricultural Biotechnology

48. Research To Incite An Insect Cotton War (News Jan 2003) Insect pests such as heliothis and mirid bugs can decimate cotton crops if leftunchecked but waiting in the wings ready to do battle in the field are a host http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/news/NewsReleases/11693.html

Access keys Skip to primary navigation Skip to secondary navigation Skip to content ... Printer-friendly Search: Industries Key activities Services The Department ... News FAQs 31 January 2003 Research to incite an insect cotton war Insect pests such as heliothis and mirid bugs can decimate cotton crops if left unchecked but waiting in the wings ready to do battle in the field are a host of beneficial predatory insects. A Central Queensland research project wants to give these beneficial insects a helping hand to boost their numbers – a project that would have a flow on effect to reduce growers’ reliance on chemical insecticides. Department of Primary Industries entomologist at Biloela Research Station, Dr Paul Grundy, has embarked on a research trial to evaluate summer annual plants that attract and encourage the propagation of beneficial insects that are agronomically important to cotton production. Dr Grundy said that the identification of the most appropriate plants to provide a refuge and a breeding ground for the beneficial insects started in early October last year with the planting of a 2.5 hectare block of irrigated Sicot 71 cotton. “Within the conventionally-sown row cropped cotton, we planted replicated blocks of grain sorghum, niger, lab lab, peanuts and unsprayed cotton,” Dr Grundy said.

49. Plant Menu Options To Attract Cotton Pests Trials are underway at Emerald to study the effectiveness of incorporating soybean,mungbean and sesame into irrigated cotton crops to act as alternative host http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/news/NewsReleases/11569.html

Access keys Skip to primary navigation Skip to secondary navigation Skip to content ... Printer-friendly Search: Industries Key activities Services The Department ... News FAQs 9 January 2003 Plant menu options to attract cotton pests Trials are underway at Emerald to study the effectiveness of incorporating soybean, mungbean and sesame into irrigated cotton crops to act as alternative host plants for the destructive silverleaf whitefly pest. Department of Primary Industries senior research entomologist, Dr Richard Sequeira, said the on-going research would initially determine the susceptibility of these summer crops to silverleaf whitefly (SLW) in comparison with Delta topaz variety cotton. Dr Sequeira said the objective was to introduce the alternative host plants to take the SLW insect pressure off the cotton crop and avoid the potential for “sticky” cotton and lower yields. “Establishing a standard baseline for SLW susceptibility across a range of summer crops has not been done previously in Central Queensland,” Dr Sequeira said. “Following the first major SLW outbreak across the Emerald Irrigation Area during the 2001-02 summer season, some 2000 hectares of soybean were reported to have been destroyed that year by this minute sucking insect pest. Observations by growers and crop consultants indicated that SLW was also attracted to sesame but mungbean crops were not so seriously affected,” he said.

50. A World Connected - The Boll Worm, Suicidal Farmers... A tiny worm known as the Bollworm was silently invading the cotton crops allover the Indian subcontinent, literally eating away the hopes of one million http://www.aworldconnected.org/article.php/305.html

Home Stories Social Entrepreneurs Point-Counterpoint ... Sitemap Free Newsletter More Info Give us your feedback Globalization Stories The Boll Worm, Suicidal Farmers... And the Government that Got in the Way... The year was 1998one of the darkest years in recent history for small cotton farmers in India. A tiny worm known as the "Bollworm" was silently invading the cotton crops all over the Indian subcontinent, literally eating away the hopes of one million farmers in the largest cotton growing region of the world. Driven into debt by failing crops and the need for expensive pesticides quality, farmers found themselves in an endless cycle of frantic spraying, more borrrowing, and bleak prospects. In Kadavendi village, farmer A. Narsoji, unable to sleep, rose from his bed to get something to drink. His cotton crop had recently failed, he had already sold his two oxen to repay one loan and had nothing more to offer moneylenders who were hounding him. Narsoji owed about $3,300, equal to two-and-a-half years' earnings in a good year. And this was hardly one of those good years. The bollworm had ravaged his cotton, seemingly immune to the pesticides he sprayed over and over again. Containers of the useless chemicals lay around his home.

51. PREMATURE SENESCENCE OF COTTON - THE SHAPE OF CROP NUTRITION PROBLEMS OF THE FUT Australian cotton crops are the highest yielding in the world hence there is a veryhigh demand on plants to supply developing fruit with sufficient potassium. http://life.csu.edu.au/agronomy/papers/15253/153.html

Premature senescence of cotton - the future of crop nutrition problems? P.R. Wright NSW Agriculture, Australian Cotton Research Institute Abstract The symptoms of premature senescence were assessed in five different commercial cotton fields. Leaf blades with symptoms were found to have substantially lower potassium concentrations than leaves without symptoms (0.4% compared to 0.9% dry matter basis). The symptoms occurred on young leaves which is different to classic potassium deficiency which occur on old leaves. Plants with premature senescence had twice the fruit loads both in mass and number of plants in the same field without symptoms. It is concluded that, despite cotton being predominantly grown on soils with high levels of available potassium, the high yields of modern irrigated cultivars are such that the soils? capacity to supply potassium or cotton?s ability to take up potassium is limiting. As crop yields in general continue to increase disorders like premature senescence are likely to develop in other crops and involve other nutrients. Keywords: Potassium, cotton, premature senescence

52. -Latest News- Monsanto.co.uk Genetically Modified cotton crops Produced Greater Yields and Reduced Pesticide Usein India 06 February 2003, University of Berkley cotton crops in India that http://www.monsanto.co.uk/news/news.phtml

53. News - Releases Genetically modified cotton crops produced greater yields, reducedpesticide use in India. Berkeley, California February 6, 2003. http://seedquest.com/News/releases/2003/february/5313.htm

Genetically modified cotton crops produced greater yields, reduced pesticide use in India Berkeley, California February 6, 2003 By Sarah Yang, Media Relations University of California, Berkeley Cotton crops in India that were genetically modified to resist insects produced dramatically increased yields and significantly reduced pesticide use compared with non-bioengineered crops, according to the results of farm trials reported by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Bonn in Germany. The study, published Friday, Feb. 7, in the journal Science, holds particular promise for small-scale, low-income farmers in developing nations, said the researchers. These farmers, especially those in tropical regions, regularly risk large, pest-related crop losses because they cannot afford to use the pesticides available to larger farms. "Many critics have questioned whether genetically modified crops would be economically and environmentally beneficial to farmers in developing countries," said David Zilberman, UC Berkeley professor of agricultural and resource economics and co-author of the study. "Our research indicates that transgenic crops should be a viable option. This is the first paper to show such a substantial increase in yield for bioengineered crops."

54. Environmental Gains With Biotechnology profit consortium of scientists, details the environmental safety and environmentalbenefits of commercial biotechnologyderived soy, corn and cotton crops. http://www.foodbiotechinfo.com/devarticles/cast.html

Biotechnology Yields Environmental Gains A report by the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), a non-profit consortium of scientists, details the environmental safety and environmental benefits of commercial biotechnology-derived soy, corn and cotton crops. Three independent teams of CAST researchers reviewed the available scientific literature to compare the environmental impacts of biotechnology-derived and traditional crops. The researchers are affiliated with Washington State University, the University of Illinois, Clemson University and the National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy. Specific findings for one of the most widely planted biotech-derived crops, herbicide-tolerant soybeans, include the following: Soil Quality. No-till soybean acreage in the United States has increased significantly since the introduction of herbicide-tolerant soybeans. Using no-till farming results in less soil erosion, dust and pesticide runoff as well as increased soil moisture retention. Water Quality.

55. Cotton Production *, CTN2, 3, RUA AG3300CT A, Prepare land for cotton. **, CTN3, 3, RUAAG3301CT A, Irrigate cotton crops. *, CTN7, 4, RUA AG4300CT A, Plant cottoncrops. http://online.curriculum.edu.au/the_cms/tools/new-display.asp?f=7962&seq=2406

56. Gene Technology In Australia were developed using gene technology to reduce the significant quantities of manmadepesticides required to protect Australian cotton crops from caterpillars http://genetech.csiro.au/research/cotton/fitt_bt_final_short.htm

Click here to view menu options Click, hold and drag to your desired menu option. Release and click 'GO'. HOME What's new Biotechnology: What is it? - Biotechnology - an overview - Ancient Art or Modern Science? Gene Technology: how is it done? - What is gene technology? - planning a gene tech project - technical details Gene Technology: What are its uses? CSIRO Position on Gene Technology Current Australian Research - CSIRO's safety precautions - Cotton - Animals - Environment - Crops, fruit and pastures - Forestry - Human Health and Nutrition The great GT debate - The science of GT: benefits and risks - Community views for and against - Consensus conferences - Public inquiries/reviews How will Gene Tech affect me? FAQs and Issues - GM food safety - Environmental impact of GM crops - Mouse virus Events About this site Glossary of GT terms Gene technology sites Managing Bt* resistance The development of resistance to pesticides by insect pests is a significant challenge to agriculture. Both man-made and natural pesticides, can eventually become useless, because some insects can survive and breed. The offspring of the surviving insects can also resist the pesticides. They are stopping a build up of insects that resist the natural Bt pesticide by planting special crops that do not contain the Bt pesticide, close to the cotton crops that do.

57. Report: Environmental Impacts Comparative Environmental Impacts of Biotechnologyderived and TraditionalSoybean, Corn, and cotton crops. New Biotechnology Report. http://www.bio.org/foodag/weekly/20020625.asp

Biotechnology Information, Advocacy and Business Support About Us BIO Events BIO Members Join BIO ... Site Guide Report: Environmental Impacts Comparative Environmental Impacts of Biotechnology-derived and Traditional Soybean, Corn, and Cotton Crops New Biotechnology Report. Comparative Environmental Impacts of Biotechnology-derived and Traditional Soybean, Corn, and Cotton Crops , a comprehensive review of the scientific literature, supports the conclusion that overall the currently commercialized biotechnology-derived soybean, corn, and cotton crops yield environmental benefits. Furthermore, a critical analysis of the literature supports the idea that biotechnology-derived soybean, corn, and cotton pose no environmental concerns unique to or different from those historically associated with conventionally developed crop varieties. Executive summaries available in Chinese, English, French, Portuguese (Brazilian), and Spanish. (June 25, 2002) CAST Report www.bio.org Other Contact Information Marketing Opportunities

58. Untitled Document acres. Only something did not go right. In August of 1997, RoundupReady™ cotton crops began failing throughout the South. By http://www.cetos.org/agbioarticles/cropbusting.html

Crop Busting Clearly, we have found a case where the US government has deregulated a product prematurely. In our view, Roundup Ready™ technology is simply not ready to be commercialized. Monsanto is touting bioengineered crops as the answer to global food shortages. So, how can the government sit back and offer no direction or regulation? Who is in charge? Can we rely on Monsanto? To date, extension agents and agricultural scientists alike are being left in the dark, unable to acquire Monsanto data short of a frustrating court proceedings, our own government has washed its hands of the situation in the name of "deregulation" and as a result the public is left in the dark. MM_preloadImages('../images/topbut2.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/joinbut2.gif'); MM_preloadImages('../images/hubiobut2.gif');

59. SouthBendTribune.com: Log In February 10, 2003. Disputed seeds of change. India's genealtered cotton crops praised,criticized PERSONAL TECHNOLOGY By S. SRINIVASAN Associated Press Writer http://www.southbendtribune.com/stories/2003/02/10/business.20030210-sbt-MICH-B8

E-mail this story to a friend! Your address: Their address: Subscription Access Required SouthBendTribune.com is continuing to provide free online coverage of the daily news, but now is charging a small fee to retrieve articles more than seven days old. You have attempted to access an article which requires this fee. You can purchase immediate access to this one article for $1.95. If you plan to retrieve more than one article either today or on return visits to our archive, you may want to purchase an electronic book of tickets. Each book comes with a username and password, allowing you to access unused tickets in later visits to our archives. We offer a 20-story book of tickets for $30, and a 50-story book of tickets for $50. Unused tickets do not expire. If you already have purchased a book of tickets, please enter your username and password in the "Log In" box below. Username: Password: How do I pay to access a story or buy a book of tickets? Do I get a receipt? I've forgotten my ID or password for my book of tickets. How do I retrieve them? I have purchased a book of tickets. Do I have to log in each time I want to access another article from the archives? ... What is the most efficient way to find an obituary or death notice that is more than seven days old? Jump to a day: Contact the southbendtribune.com Web staff

60. CSIRO Entomology - Plant Protection Refuge crops, an integral part of RMS, are required to be grown withall Bt cotton crops as a source of susceptible moths. They http://www.ento.csiro.au/research/projects_2001-2002/cotton.html

CSIRO ENTOMOLOGY our research about insects about us ... staff only Plant protection: Cotton pest management Dr Geoff Baker mailto:geoff.baker@csiro.au Objectives Helicoverpa spp., other invertebrate pests and beneficials. Description Area-wide management of cotton pests includes the use, by groups of growers, of trap crops as diversionary hosts for Helicoverpa . Controlling these ‘trapped’ populations could reduce pest abundance on nearby cotton. Research aims to identify the most effective trap crops and better understand the behaviour of Helicoverpa in response to them. Recommendations on how to deploy trap crops as part of an IPM program will result. Information on regional and local population dynamics and behaviour of Helicoverpa spp. and other Lepidopteran pests of cotton is being integrated into the regional population model, HEAPS, which provides a unique research tool for evaluating the potential of regional management strategies. HEAPS is now being used to evaluate ‘trap crops’. (Mr Martin Dillon/Dr Gary Fitt/Dr Geoff Baker) Field evaluation of conventionally bred, insect tolerant cotton varieties is ongoing. Cotton cultivars possessing morphological and allelochemical traits are being evaluated to quantify levels of resistance to several pest groups. Variation in susceptibility of cotton plants to other potential pests has also been identified.

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