61. Café De Colombia - Welcome To The National Federation Of Coffee Growers Of Colo colombian Coffee Web Site Juan Valdez on the Web, featuring a history of colombian coffee, agricultural processes, recipes, brands and locations for the US, Europe and Canada, clever games and trivia (utilizing Java and Java script technology), http://www.juanvaldez.com/

Who are we? The Story of Colombian Coffee Colombian Coffee Advertising ... Site Map Juan Valdez®, the Cafe de Colombia Logo, "The Richest Coffee In The World®," "Grab Life By The Beans®," and "It's The World's Cup®" are all trademarks of the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia

62. Andes Region History Resources At Questia - The Online Library Of Southern colombian Andes, 15351700 by Luis F. Calero. 235 pgs. Peasant Politicsand Andean Haciendas in the Transition to Capitalism An Ethnographic history, http://www.questia.com/popularSearches/andes_region_history.jsp

63. WWW-VL History Index a thorough brief history; Colecciones de Historia; Background. PreColumbian LosChibchas. Pobladores Antiguos de los Andes Orientales; The Pre-colombian Era. 16th http://www.ku.edu/history/VL/americas/colombia.html

WWW-VL HISTORY: COLOMBIA ABOUT THIS NETWORK. If you are still interested or have any questions, please e-mail Lynn Harry Nelson [lhnelson@raven.cc.ku.edu]. Click here for: The World-Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW-VL) Main Catalog The WWW-VL search facility. The WWW-VL History Central Catalogue Click Here to access the Mirror at Florence, Italy Click Here to access the Mirror at Lawrence, Kansas, USA Research Tools Maps Main Map Topographic Other Maps, including satellite and aerial photographs Barranquilla Bogota Cali Medellin Gazeteers Cities and Towns Geographic Finding Aids Language Cyberquechua Quechua Language Homepage Spanish Web Dictionaries English-Spanish Wordlist of Basic Computer Terms ... Grammar Tutorials Reference Works Dictionaries Encyclopedias Encyclopedia.com Reference Countries of the World - Colombia A Country Study - Colombia World Factbook 2000 - Colombia U.S. State Department Background Notes - Colombia Bibliography Bibliography including link pages Colombia - LANIC Libreria Virtual Suamox Library of Congress Subject Search Latinet.com: Colombia ... The Historical Journals Guide Archives Imagenes Libraries Directorio de bibliotecas colombianas Bibliotecas de la Universidad de Caldas Archivo General de la Nación de Colombia Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango ... Universidad del Valle Museums Directorio de Museos Museo Nacional Museo de Universidad de Antioquia Museo de Antioquia ... Vamos al Museo!

64. Café De Colombia - History Of Colombian Coffee colombian Coffee Web Site Juan Valdez on the Web, featuring a history of Columbiancoffee, agricultural processes, recipes, brands and locations for the US http://www.juanvaldez.com/menu/history/

65. Hacienda Zuleta - Historic Ranch, Inca History, Pre-colombian Archaeological Sit To visit Hacienda Zuleta is to experience four centuries of Ecuadorianhistory seeped in Precolombian, Spanish and Ecuadorian tradition. http://www.zuleta.com/html/history.html

History and Archaeology Pre-Incan and Incan Period To visit Hacienda Zuleta is to experience four centuries of Ecuadorian history seeped in Pre-Colombian, Spanish and Ecuadorian tradition. The original inhabitants of the Zuleta region were the peace-loving Caranquis. They were an agrarian-based culture and flourished in this area rich in volcanic soils from about 800 A.D. until the arrival of the war-faring Incas in the late 1470's. Caranqui Pyramid on the grounds of Hacienda Zuleta Although the Caranquis fought stoically against the Inca for forty years, they were eventually conquered and forced into Inca servitude. Yet Inca rule was short-lived. By 1534, the last Inca king, Atahualpa, had been captured and assassinated by the Spanish conquistador, Pizarro, leaving the Inca empire in collapse and a free for all for the land-hungry vassals of the Spanish Crown. Execution of Atahualpa by Pizarro, marking the end of Inca domination in the Zuleta region, and the beginning of Spanish rule Jesuit Occupation In the late 16th century, King Carlos is believed to have bequeathed the Zuleta region to the Jesuits, who implemented their Spanish methods of farming and cattle and sheep production. In the following years an ‘obraje’ (small wool mill) was established. By 1691, the Hacienda house, granary and chapel were completed and the farm was in full operation.

66. Colombian Emerald History Gem and Mineral Collection of the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural HistoryPictured Above colombian emeralds are said to be the very best in the world http://web.mawebcenters.com/sampleesmeraldaimports/history.htm

Pictured Above 75 Carat Hooker Emerald Brooch Gem and Mineral Collection of the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History Pictured Above Carved "Taj Mahal" emerald at the Smithsonian in an exhibition of objects associated with the Mughal emperor Shah-Jahan Ancient emeralds were from mines in Egypt and what is now Afghanistan. Mined and treasured for many generations by native Indians, the finest, rarest and most beautiful emeralds come from the mines in Chivor, also known as Somondoco or "God of the green gems," then later Muzo and Cosquez Colombia. Chivor is in the eastern region and is the largest privately owned emerald mine in Colombia. Muzo mine is in the western region and is leased to the government in 10 year increments. There are many other smaller mine shafts which produce emeralds of all different grades, but are usually of very low quality. The terms Muzo and Chivor do not always refer to tthe origin of the emerald but instead describe quality and color. Muzo refers to a warm, grassy-green emerald, with yellow as the secondary color. Chivor describes a deeper green color, with blue as the secondary color.

67. History Of Colombia history. Learning About Colombia. colombian National Anthem Lyrics http://www.manzano.org/colombia/html/colombiahistory.htm

Calendar of Events Join My E-Mail List Memorable ... Home Colombia's History Coat of Arms Colombian Flag Learning About Colombia Colombian National Anthem Lyrics by: Rafael Nu¦ez Music Composed by: Orestes Sindici Listen to The Colombian National Anthem (Coro) !Oh, gloria inmarcesible! !Oh, jubilo inmortal! En surcos de dolores el bien germina ya. (bis). I Ceso la horrible noche. La libertad sublime Derrama las auroras de su invencible luz. La humanidad entera, Que entre cadenas gime Comprende las palabras Del que murio en la Cruz. II !Independencia! grita El mundo amerericano: Se ba¦a en sangre de hÅroes La tierra de Colþn. Pero este gran principio: "El rey no es soberano". Resuena, y los que sufren Bendicen su pasion.

68. Colombia Report Home Provides history and analysis of the colombian civil war, drug war and the escalating U.S. involvement in the conflict. http://www.colombiareport.org

C O L O M B I A R E P O R T Published by the Information Network of the Americas (INOTA), a non-profit organization. Home Special Reports Fifty Years of Violence ... Donate i The SINTRAEMCALI-Uribe Showdown by Andy Higginbottom "You must respect me!" shouted president Uribe Vélez across the table at SINTRAEMCALI union president Lucho Hernandez. Lucho was calm, "I respect the president, but the last part of what you just said is not true." "Yes, he did say it!" shouted the audience. This verbal confrontation on March 10 was shown on national television and reported in all the Colombian press, where a union leader daring to stand up to Uribe is big news. The setting was a supposed "public" forum in which Uribe and his Superintendent of Public Services presented their options for the future of the EMCALI public services corporation in Cali. The meeting was packed with employers and politicians and took place inside a military airbase. Lucho, accompanied by Congress representative Alexander Lopez and three representatives of Cali's poor communities, had to argue his way in. There are two "publics" in Colombia: the elite and the common people. Uribe's consultation was obviously meant only for the elite club.

69. BBC - History - The Story Of The Conquistadors colombian exchange. Chichen Itza, Yucatan, Mexico New World. However, thestory is also one of history's greatest adventures. The opening http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/discovery/exploration/conquistadors_02.shtml

CATEGORIES TV RADIO COMMUNICATE ... INDEX SEARCH FRIDAY 4th April 2003 Text only BBC Homepage History Topics ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! The Story of the Conquistadors By Michael Wood Page 2 of 6 Introduction Colombian exchange The Aztecs Conquistador regret ... Print this article Colombian exchange The long-term effects of the Conquest are no less fascinating. The 'Columbian Exchange' as modern historians call it, brought the potato, the pineapple, the turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolias, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. On the other hand, tens of millions died in the pandemics of the 16th century, victims of smallpox, measles and the other diseases brought by Europeans (and don't forget that the African slave trade was begun by the Europeans, to replace the work force they had decimated). Then, after the defeat and extermination of the native societies, came the arrival of the European settler class and the appropriation of the native lands and natural resources. From this process has emerged the modern US empire. The effects on the economies of the world were no less marked as it shifted the centre of gravity of civilisation to the countries of the Atlantic seaboard and their offshoots in the New World. However, the story is also one of history's greatest adventures. The opening up of the continent involved unparalleled journeys of exploration with almost unbelievable bravery, endurance, cruelty and greed. For instance, Almagro's 6,000km expedition to explore the wastes of Chile, or de Soto's fateful three-year march through a dozen US states - a tale only now being untangled by US historians. Then there are the extraordinary explorations across the Andes, deep into Venezuela and Colombia in the 1530s, journeys which gave birth to the alluring legend of El Dorado. It was the dream of El Dorado that fired Gonzalo Pizarro's 18-month expedition across the Ecuadorian Andes: 'the worst journey ever in the Indies', it was said. However, it led by accident to the discovery and descent of the Amazon. When all is said and done, it is no exaggeration to say that these are some of the greatest land explorations in history.

70. Colombian Broadcast History colombian Broadcast history The first station in Colombia was RadioBucaramanga, founded in 1924. Stay tuned for more! Regulation http://www.oldradio.com/archives/international/colombia.html

This is the Colombian Section of The Broadcast Archive Maintained by: Barry Mishkind - The Eclectic Engineer Colombian Broadcasting: History Regulation Station Identifications Colombian Broadcast History: The first station in Colombia was Radio Bucaramanga, founded in 1924. Stay tuned for more! Regulation: Early regulation of broadcasting The current regulatory body is the Station Identification: BACK TO THE HOME PAGE Thanks for visiting ... I hope you find the site interesting! . This material on this site should not be reproduced or reposted in whole or part without express approval. It would be a kindness if you'd take a moment and let me know who you are and what interests you have. If you can share some information, or even a picture, that would be great! Just click on the address below. Thanks. An important note about this resource: We have used many sources, including FCC files, university lecturers, historical publications and more, and have tried to be as accurate as possible, not repeating many of the myths of the industry (such as the Uncle Don Story) nor histories "manufactured" by promotion departments. However, I can not and do not guarantee total accuracy of what is in the FAQ. If you do see an error or omission, please inform me at: this email address . (be sure to fix the anti-spam part) The accuracy and expansion of this resource depend upon our SHARING our efforts.

71. Colombian Aviation History. By Aviation Photography And Video Waning colombian aviation history. The city of Barranquilla. It has the distinctionof being the center where colombian aviation began in 1919. http://www.apvw.nl/colhistory.htm

Colombian aviation history. The city of Barranquilla. It has the distinction of being the center where Colombian aviation began in 1919. Scheduled commercial flights within South America commenced in 1920. Colombian aviation initiates the 18 of July of 1919 in the city of Barranquilla with the flight that Knox-Martin made in a biplane, the Curtiss Standard, constructed in wood and fabric, driven by a motor of 150 H.P. This airship soon would be called Bolivar, a tribute to the "Liberator". The first Colombian who flew an airplane was the Great Felix Mariño Castle at the controls of a Caudron on 21 June, 1921. The civil aviation is born on December 5, 1921 with the constitution of the Society Colombo-German of Aerial Transports SCADTA, being the first commercial company of aerial transport in America, and second in the world. The first airplanes of SCADTA were hydroplanes, Junker F-13. The history of Scadta goes back to the present time. During World War II the company is nationalized changing its name by AVIANCA of Colombia till the present time.

72. DutyFree.com - Colombian Emeralds International - About Us history colombian Emeralds International is proud to be one of the largest dutyfreejewelers in the world offering an unparalleled selection at significant http://www.dutyfree.com/colombianemeralds/about.cfm

About Us Get Credit Catalog Customer Service ... Shopping Cart Shop By Product Bracelets Earrings Necklaces Pendants ... Watches Collections Bridal Luxury Sea Treasures Semi-Precious Price All Jewelry Need Help? Contact customerservice@ dutyfree.com or call 877.556.5565 About Us Colombian Emeralds International is proud to be one of the largest duty-free jewelers in the world, helping people everywhere celebrate life's memorable moments. With more than thirty years experience and more than thirty-five Colombian Emeralds International store locations throughout the Caribbean, we have built an outstanding reputation for integrity, quality and value. HISTORY STORE LOCATIONS TESTIMONIALS CAREERS ... OUR WEB SITE History Colombian Emeralds International is proud to be one of the largest duty-free jewelers in the world offering an unparalleled selection at significant savings over world market prices. Our thirty- year reputation for quality, integrity and value has attracted the most discriminating clients from around the world. To find a setting worthy of housing the world's finest emeralds and jewelry, we looked

73. Walmart.com - Colombian Art: 3,500 Years Of History colombian Art 3500 Years of history,Velez, Santiago Londono available atWalmart.com. Always Low Prices! colombian Art 3,500 Years of history. http://www.walmart.com/catalog/product.gsp?product_id=1640873&cat=20468&type=3&d

74. Welcome To Colombian Poetry The history of colombian poetry begins with the polished line of HernandoDominguez Camargo, selfish reflect of Don Luis de Góngora. http://colombia.poetryinternational.org/

Colombia Poetry International Web Faq Other Country Australia China Colombia Croatia France Germany Greece International Israel Italy Morocco Portugal Slovenia South Africa The Netherlands Zimbabwe News Events Links Organizations ... Find Poet(s) of the quarter: Samuel Jaramillo [Colombia] 1950– Latest additions: Henao [] Raúl Henao Jaramillo [] Samuel Jaramillo ... Raúl Henao Welcome to Colombian Poetry The history of Colombian poetry begins with the polished line of Hernando Dominguez Camargo, selfish reflect of Don Luis de Góngora. After passing through a formal labyrinth, where poetry was characterized by the decadent tone of a romanticism accomplished by untruthful translators, Colombian poetry comes to life with the poet José Asunción Silva, in the XIXth century, who is considered by many as the precursor of modernism in America, more so than Ruben Dario himself. Under the insular figure of Silva, a new generations of poets grew up. This characteristic of insularity tended to be repeated, in poets like Porfirio Barba Jacob, errant flame, in the elusive and delightful León de Greiff, whose complicated work precludes any epigone, and in Luis Carlos Lopez and his complete universe from the province. The late avant-garde of 1926 produces Luis Vidales, an outstanding author with a very popular and revolutionary book

75. 02/00 - Colombian Ministry Of Health Names 3 PWAs As Advisors Colombia makes history serving as a example for the new millenium, three agowe expressed our disgust with Virgilio Galvis, the colombian Health Minister http://www.beingalivela.org/news0200/0200columbiaHIVenglish.html

February 2000 Being Alive Newsletter Read this article also Colombian Ministry of Health Names 3 PWAs as Advisors German Humberto Rincon Perfetti, Lideres en Accion Colombia makes history serving as a example for the new millenium, three people living with HIV/AIDS have been designated as advisors to the health ministry One year ago we expressed our disgust with Virgilio Galvis, the Colombian Health Minister, after he publicly declared that "it is better to invest [funds to assist] children with diarrhea than people who have HIV, given that they are very costly." Nevertheless, three months ago, Mr. Galvis showed significantly more sensitivity to HIV issues by making a historic decision to designate 3 persons living with HIV as his advisors. The three advisors are: [1/21/00: see below for news of Dr. Ardila's passing Dr. Henry Ardila Ardila, Epidemiologist and former Executive Director of the Colombian League in the Fight Against AIDS (Liga Colombiana de Lucha Contra el SIDA), who will serve as advisor and Assistant Coordinator of the HIV/AIDS Workgroup, a position equivalent to that of the former National Program Director (which disappeared after the restructures that the Ministry underwent this year) Ms. Miriam Cossio, member of the National Network of Women Living with HIV/AIDS (Red Nacional de Mujeres Viviendo con VIH/SIDA) and alternate representative of women living with HIV/AIDS before the National Council on AIDS (Consejero Nacional de VIH/SIDA), who will serve as advisor.

76. Colombia Vacations: Romantic Colombian Hotels And Resorts Colombia history. A 40year insurgent campaign to overthrow the colombian Governmentescalated during the 1990s, undergirded in part by funds from the drug http://www.latinamericavacationguide.com/travel/Colombia_History.html

The sophisticated travelers Colombia vacation connection. Colombia Vacation Guide: Romantic Colombia Vacations TravelWizard.Com Travel And Cruise Consultants: Colombia Vacations Click here for our Full Service, Custom Luxury Vacation Planner Click here for Full Service, Custom Luxury Cruise Planner Click here if you'd prefer to book you r ... own discount airline tickets, car rental, hotel or vacation packages with our easy to use real time self booking engine. Note! This is the most highly recommended self booking engine on the Internet. Travel Guides Africa Vacations Asia Vacations Australian Vacations Canada Vacations ... Bookmark this page Colombia: History Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others being Ecuador and Venezuela). A 40-year insurgent campaign to overthrow the Colombian Government escalated during the 1990s, undergirded in part by funds from the drug trade. Although the violence is deadly and large swaths of the countryside are under guerrilla influence, the movement lacks the military strength or popular support necessary to overthrow the government. While Bogota continues to try to negotiate a settlement, neighboring countries worry about the violence spilling over their borders. Overview History Culture Geography ... Pictures Other Places in

77. The Ultimate Handbook - History Of Ultimate The history of Ultimate David Leiwant stood in the Columbia High School parking Thatyear, staff members of the school’s newspaper, The colombian, and its http://www.ultimatehandbook.com/Webpages/History/histulti.html

Homepage / Miscellaneous Search The Handbook Topics Buying Cleats Rules UPA WFDF Callahan Captains How to Start a Team Playing In Tournaments Tournament Organization History Frisbee Ultimate Links Glossary Goaltimate How to Play Rules The History of Ultimate David Leiwant stood in the Columbia High School parking lot watching the younger players throw, chase, and catch the disc under the bright white lights and the cover of a summer night. "If you squint your eyes, it’s almost like 25 years ago," said the 42-year-old Leiwant, a 1973 alumnus of Columbia, located in Maplewood, N.J. "Just a rag-tag bunch of guys running around with a Frisbee." Leiwant was a 13-year-old seventh-grader in 1968, a tumultuous year for America and the world. Martin Luther King, Jr., and then Bobby Kennedy were assassinated, a war raged in Vietnam and the country was coming to grips with the civil rights and women’s rights revolutions. But, in one corner of the country, in Maplewood, things were changing for the better. That year, staff members of the school’s newspaper, The Colombian, and its Student Council developed an entirely new sport as a gag and an activity for their high school nights. Led by Joel Silver — the willful, if somewhat arrogant, member of the Council and the newspaper — the students adapted the rules of Frisbee Football and ultimately invented the fast-moving team sport we know today. The sport of Ultimate.

78. The Colombian Caribbean : A Regional History, 1870-1950 (Oxford Historical Monog The colombian Caribbean A Regional history,18701950 (Oxford Historical Monographs). http://hallamericanhistory.com/americas/831.shtml

The Colombian Caribbean : A Regional History, 1870-1950 (Oxford Historical Monographs) Home History Books Americas by Eduardo Posada Carbo Eduardo Posada-Carbo See More Details Hardcover - 300 pages (May 1996) Clarendon Pr; ISBN: 0198206283 ; Dimensions (in inches): 0.96 x 8.82 x 5.70 Reviews This is a study of the role of regions in the development of modern nations in Latin America. Eduardo Posada-Carbo focuses on the Colombian Caribbean between 1870 and 1950. He examines the achievements and shortcomings of arable agriculture and the significance of the livestock industry, the links between town and countryside, the influence of foreign migrants and foreign capital, the relationship between local and national politics, and the extent to which regionalism represented a challenge to the consolidation of the national state in Colombia. This original study opens up the area to scholarly scrutiny, and has wider implications for Latin American historiography.

79. About Emeralds, Legend, History, Chemical, Gemology, Mineralization, Physical, D colombian Emeralds Trapiches, Cat´s Eye, Minerals Specimens. Legend and historyMuzos history of emeralds, Fura and Tena legend Caring of Emerald Clean http://www.esmerald.com/about_emeralds.html

TOLL FREE 24/7: 1-(866) 317-8624 Cut Any Baguette Briolette Cab. Half Moon Cab. Heart Cab. Oval Cab. Pear Cab. Sugar Cab. Triangle Cushion Emerald Cut Heart Marquisse Oval Pear Round Square Triangle Trillion Trillion scale Price Advance Search ABOUT COLOMBIAN EMERALDS If you want to know more about emerald, this page will be nice for you. Mineralization in Colombia This page show this process in Colombia. Colombian Mines View in map the location of main mines in Colombia. Colombian Emeralds: Trapiches Cat´s Eye Minerals ... Magical Fascination All about magical halo and misterious virtues. Legend and History : Muzos history of emeralds, Fura and Tena legend Caring of Emerald : Clean tips to owners of emeralds Physical Properties : of emerald and Beryl family Emerald 4Cs: Color tone ... Shape , and other relevant information. How to Order: Inquiry Form Payments Escrow ... Testimonials ORGANIZATIONSS IN THE EMERALD TRADE Private C.G.I.E. (Centro Gemologico para la Investigación de la Esmeralda) Gemologist center located in Colombia with GIA graduate gemologist, labs certification, enhacement products Brinks Security tranport service FEDEX Reliable courrier, Door to Door world wide delivery.

80. Colombian Exploration History reserves of 800 million barrels, the Infantas field became the first commercialfield in Colombia and the starting point of its hydrocarbon history, first as http://www.ecopetrol.com.co/inge/exhistor.htm

H ydrocarbon exploration started at the end of the last century with the drilling of the Tubara well in the Lower Magdalena Valley basin. The Infantas structure in the Middle Magdalena Valley basin provided the first commercial production with the wells Infantas No.1 and No.2; initial production was 42 bopd. With proven recoverable reserves of 800 million barrels, the Infantas field became the first commercial field in Colombia and the starting point of its hydrocarbon history, first as Concession of the Trocco Oil and subsequently with the birth of the Empresa Colombiana de Petróleos, ECOPETROL, in 1951. Between 1940 and 1960 exploration work carried out in the Upper, Middle and Lower Magdalena Valleys and the Catatumbo basins resulted in important discoveries. The advance of technology and exploration techniques have allowed the identification of new structures bringing further oil reserves for the national economy. This has been accomplished through the use of seismic, gravimetric and magnetometric surveys, together with exploratory drilling. The Orito field was discovered in the Putumayo basin in the early 60's. Its initial reserves of around 200 million barrels allowed the country to export oil as of 1969.

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