21. YourDictionary.com • Library: Can Chimpanzees Talk? since all primates have extremely dexterous hands and sign language is a language.You have probably already read about the regular chimpanzees Washoe and Nim http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/ling002.html

About Store Register Contact The Dictionaries: Language Specialty Multilingual Translation ... The WordMan The Collected Works of the Phantom Linguist Can Primates Talk? Humans seem to acquire language in a manner different from other types of behavioral learning. The onset of language learning is sudden (around the age of 2). We learn our native language without instruction, in fact, we can learn 2-3 languages at that age as easily as one. If we do not learn to speak between the ages of 2 and 6, it appears that we lose the ability to speak normally the rest of our lives. All this evidence suggests that we have a ' language organ ' which other species do not possess, a segment of our brain which is triggered by a stage of development, much the same as walking is. A simple way to disprove this Innateness Hypothesis, as linguists call it, is to demonstrate that other species have the capacity to speak but for some reason simply have not developed speech. A logical candidate for such a species is the chimpanzee, which shares 98.4% of the human genetic code. Chimpanzees cannot speak because, unlike humans, their vocal cords are located higher in their throats and cannot be controlled as well as human vocal cords. It does not follow from their lack of speech, however, that chimpanzees are incapable of language, that is a human-like grammar. Perhaps they can acquire grammar and speak if they could only use grammar some way other than with a voice. The obvious alternative is sign language, since all primates have extremely dexterous hands and sign language is a language. You have probably already read about the regular chimpanzees

22. PRIMATES; PONGIDAE; PAN Chimpanzees primates ; PONGIDAE ; Genus PAN. Oken, 1816. chimpanzees. Geographic DistributionThere are two species (Dandelot, in Meester and Setzer 1977) http://www.press.jhu.edu/books/walker/primates.pongidae.pan.html

noncommercial purposes within a subscribed institution . No copies of this work may be distributed electronically outside of the subscribed institution, in whole or in part, without written permission from the JHU Press PRIMATES PONGIDAE Genus PAN Oken, 1816 Chimpanzees Geographic Distribution There are two species (Dandelot, in Meester and Setzer P. troglodytes (chimpanzee), Guinea to Uganda, and south to Lake Tanganyika, but not including the central forests of Zaire south of the Congo River; P. paniscus (pygmy chimpanzee, bonobo), central Zaire. The latter species sometimes is considered a subspecies of P. troglodytes (see, e.g., Horn 1979), but recent evidence suggests not only that the two are distinct but that P. paniscus bears some resemblance to the ancestral stock that gave rise to the Pongidae and Hominidae (see, e.g., papers in Susman a ). Three other subspecies of P. troglodytes usually are recognized, and Tuttle 1986) followed some older authorities in listing a fourth, P. t. koolokamba, a large, "gorilla-like" animal. Shea 1984), however, explained that

23. BUBL LINK / 5:15 Internet Resources: Primates Education and Conservation Institute promoting activities that ensure the wellbeingof chimpanzees, other primates and animal welfare activities in general. http://bubl.ac.uk/link/p/primates.htm

BUBL LINK / 5:15 Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus A-Z ... About Primates A-Z Index Titles Descriptions Balikpapan Orangutan Survival Foundation Bibliography of General Works in Mammalogy Center for Captive Chimpanzee Care ChimpanZoo ... Primate Society of Great Britain Page last updated: 17 March 2003 Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk Balikpapan Orangutan Survival Foundation Non-profit organisation which helps to protect orangutans through projects such as a reintroduction program for confiscated orangutans on the island of Borneo. Offers information on orangutan research, projects and conservation. Author: Balikpapan Orangutan Survival Foundation Subjects: primates DeweyClass: ResourceType: document Location: indonesia, asia Last checked: Bibliography of General Works in Mammalogy This bibliography is designed to guide students in mammalogy to literature in specific areas. The works included are primarily monographic and of wide coverage. It is divided into general areas, such as systematics and nomenclature, anatomy and geography, and mammal groups, including marsupials and monotremes, primates and carnivora. Author: American Museum of Natural History Subjects: mammals, primates

24. Citations: A Longitudinal Investigation Of Gestural Communication In Young Chimp Tomasello, M., D. Gust, and T. Frost (1989). A longitudinal investigationof gestural communication in young chimpanzees. primates 30, 3550. http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/context/206681/0

Tomasello, M., D. Gust, and T. Frost (1989). A longitudinal investigation of gestural communication in young chimpanzees . Primates 30, 3550. Home/Search Document Not in Database Summary Related Articles This paper is cited in the following contexts: Formal Approaches to Innate and Learned Communication: Laying.. - Oliphant (1997) (4 citations) (Correct) ....in the ecologies they inhabit. Tomasello and his colleagues have carried out extensive observational studies of gesturing in captive chimpanzees placed in a physical and social setting designed to resemble that which exists in the wild (Tomasello, George, Kruger, Farrar, and Evans, 1985; Tomasello, Gust, and Frost, 1989 ; Tomasello, Call, Nagell, Olguin, and Carpenter, 1994) These studies have provided additional evidence that chimpanzees learn gestural signals. The communicative behavior of the animals changes ontogenetically, apparently adapting to the changing social environment as the animal grows from .... ....Call, Nagell, Olguin, and Carpenter, 1994) These studies have provided additional evidence that chimpanzees learn gestural signals. The communicative behavior of the animals changes ontogenetically, apparently adapting to the changing social environment as the animal grows from infant to adult

25. Africana Blackboard Lesson Plans And Learning Exchange: Primates chimpanzees as tool makers. Students may want to compare chimpanzees to other primatesthat live in Africa (baboons, colobus, or lemur.) Divide the class into http://www.africana.com/blackboard/bb_sci_000013.htm

Primates: Chimpanzees Subject Area: Science Related Subject Areas: Geography and History (Social Studies) Grade Level: Estimated Time Requirement: Several class periods for introduction and completion of projects. Lesson Objectives/National Standards: Science Science Standard 4 Knows about the diversity and unity that characterize life Level II: Upper Elementary (Grades 3-5) Knows different ways in which living things can be grouped (e.g., plants/animals; pets/nonpets; edible plants/nonedible plants) and purposes of different groupings Knows that plants and animals progress through life cycles of birth, growth and development, reproduction, and death; the details of these life cycles are different for different organisms Science Standard: 6 Knows the general structure and functions of cells in organisms Level II: Upper Elementary (Grades 3-5) Knows that each plant or animal has different structures which serve different functions in growth, survival, and reproduction (e.g., humans have distinct structures of the body for walking, holding, seeing, and talking) Science Standard: 7 Understands how species depend on one another and on the environment for survival Level II: Upper Elementary (Grades 3-5) Knows that the behavior of individual organisms is influenced by internal cues (e.g., hunger) and external cues (e.g., changes in the environment), and that humans and other organisms have senses that help them to detect these cues

26. Generic Template The Great Apes Survival Project (GRASP) targets 23 areas where gorillas, orangutans,chimpanzees, bonobos, and other primates are near extinction as a result http://greatapes.freehosting.net/about.html

Free Web site hosting - Freeservers.com ENDANGERED PRIMATES by Ulla Hedeager Great apes in danger WHAT IS LANGUAGE LANGUAGE IN NON-HUMAN SPECIES INTERMEDIATE STAGES BIBLIOGRAPHY ... PRIMATES HELPING PRIMATES From Africa to Southeast Asia the worlds great apes are in danger of becoming extinct. The UN is on a mission to save these precious animals, gorillas, orangutans, chimpanzees, and bonobos, from dying off. Great apes still live in 23 countries and experts working to save the last great apes in the wild are hoping to keep it that way. Conservationists led by the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) have launched a global effort to save the great apes from extinction in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. The Great Apes Survival Project (GRASP) targets 23 areas where gorillas, orangutans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and other primates are near extinction as a result of war, habitat destruction, and poaching for trophies, souvenirs, and meat. It seems grotesque that the peaceful bonobos cannot escape the chaos of civil war in Congo. Pacifism happens to be the principal attribute of bonobos, very unlike their aggressive human relatives. Experts estimates that in five to ten years some of these primates will be extinct across most of their range. Not one species of primates has been lost in the past century, but now 25 species of apes, monkeys, lemurs and other primates are imperiled and may soon disappear. Great apes are the animals most like humans.

27. Dr. N. E. Newton-Fisher: Publications And Presentations Articles in Preparation NewtonFisher, NE (submitted). Hierarchy and socialstatus in Budongo chimpanzees. primates. Newton-Fisher, NE (in prep). http://www.budongo.org/nen1000/publications.html

Articles Newton-Fisher, N. E. (in press). The home range of the Sonso community of chimpanzees from the Budongo Forest, Uganda. African Journal of Ecology Newton-Fisher, N. E. (in press). Ranging patterns of male chimpanzees in the Budongo forest: range structure and individual differences. In: New Perspectives on Primate Evolution and Behaviour Folia Primatologica Newton-Fisher, N. E. (2002). Male chimpanzee relationships in the Budongo Forest, Uganda. Behavioural Diversity in Chimpanzees and Bonobos (Eds: Boesch, C., Hohmann, G., Marchant, L.). Cambridge University Press. Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) party size in the Budongo forest Reserve, Uganda. International Journal of Primatolology Newton-Fisher, N. E. (2000). Male chimpanzee core areas Pan African News Newton-Fisher, N. E. (1999a). Association by male chimpanzees: a social tactic? Behaviour Newton-Fisher, N. E. (1999b). The diet of chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest. African Journal of Ecology Newton-Fisher, N. E. (1999c). Termite eating and food sharing by male chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda. African Journal of Ecology Newton-Fisher, N. E. (1999d). Infant killers of Budongo.

28. Powell's Books - Used, New, And Out Of Print offers an exciting glimpse of gorillas, monkeys, apes, and other primates at homein the Through a Window My Thirty Years with the chimpanzees of Gombe by Jane http://www.powells.com/subsection/NatureStudiesPrimates.html

Technical Books Kids' Books eBooks more search options ... Native North American Nature Studies Nautical Networking New Arrivals Nonfiction General ... view all sections... Primates There are 96 books in this aisle. Browse the aisle by Title by Author by Price See recently arrived used books in this aisle. Featured Titles in Nature Studies -Primates: Page 1 of 4 next Used Trade Paper List Price $14.95 Reason for Hope: A Spiritual Journey by Jane Goodall From Powells.com By any standard, Jane Goodall is one of this century's great natural scientists. Her monumental discoveries about chimpanzee have forced the Western world to reevaluate its basic assumptions about human identity as well as what role humans should play in... read more about this title check for other copies Used Trade Paper List Price $14.00 Next of Kin: My Conversations with Chimpanzees by Roger Fouts Powells.com Staff Pick "Though this book is truly heartbreaking and may at times lessen your faith in humanity, it is a very important book for anyone interested in the fascinating fields of language acquisition and animal intelligence, or for anyone simply intrigued by...

29. Eco-Portal: Forests/Forest Ecology/Wildlife/Primates The seeks to increase the conservation of primate habitat, promoting activitiesthat ensure the well-being of chimpanzees, other primates and animal welfare http://www.eco-portal.com/Forests/Forest_Ecology/Wildlife/Primates/welcome.asp

Home Forests Forest Ecology Wildlife : Primates the entire directory only this category More search options Links: Congo Gorilla Forest Exhibit - Wildlife Conservation Society's online tour of the this amazing exhibit at the Bronx Zoo; includes information on gorillas, elephants, okapi, mandrills, and other fauna native to the rainforests of central Africa (Added: Fri Mar 30 2001 Hits: 396 Rating: 8.00 Votes: 1) Rate It American Society of Primatologists - an educational and scientific organization that aims to understand nonhuman primates and to facilitate the exchange of information about them (Added: Sat Mar 17 2001 Hits: 52 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It Bonobo Initiative, The - information about bonobos and efforts to save these amazing apes from extinction (Added: Mon Feb 12 2001 Hits: 114 Rating: 9.00 Votes: 1) Rate It Bushmeat Project: Save the Great Apes, Chimps and Gorillas - works to stop the slaughter of the great apes, chimps and gorillas (Added: Fri Jan 26 2001 Hits: 138 Rating: 0.00 Votes: 0) Rate It Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, The

30. Infanticide In Nonhuman Primates: 1997-1999 Agoramoorthy G; Hsu MJ Rehabilitation and release of chimpanzees on anatural island Methods hold promise for other primates as well. http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/topics/infant.html

[What's New] [Search] [IDP] [WDP] ... [Index] Current Topics in Primatology Primate Information Center Washington Regional Primate Research Center Infanticide in Nonhuman Primates: 1997-1999 Maintained by the WRPRC Library Return to PIN Home Page Search PIN

31. Menopause In Nonhuman Primates: 1995 - Fall 2000 Y ; Koyama, N ; Suzuki, S Do the old aged females experience a long postreproductivelife span? The cases of Japanese macaques and chimpanzees. primates 36(2 http://www.primate.wisc.edu/pin/topics/menopause.html

[What's New] [Search] [IDP] [WDP] ... Current Topics Current Topics in Primatology Primate Information Center Washington Regional Primate Research Center Menopause in Nonhuman Primates: 1995 - Fall 2000

32. Primates Online Links on three areas (1) The retirement of former biomedical research chimpanzees; (2)The Limbe Wildlife Centre Home to 31 species of African primates, as well as http://www.primates-online.com/primates/links/

33. Web Resources On Chimpanzees Chimpanzee chimpanzees are very social primates that use facial expressions, vocalizations,body language, grooming, and even kisses and pats to communicate http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/CITE/chimps.htm

Gander Academy Chimpanzees General Resources Chimpanzee Factsheet Enemies Student Projects ... Chimpanzee Studies General Resources What is a Chimp? The chimpanzee has a real funky scientific name: He is called "Pan Troglodytes" (pantrog-low-die-tees). No, he is not a caveman. The chimpanzee is a PRIMATE. Chimpanzee Chimps live in areas with evergreen, fruit producing trees, humid forest, deciduous woodland or mixed savannah, and can be found in west and central Africa. Chimpanzee The male chimpanzee weighs between 135 and 150 lbs. and stands approximately four to five feet tall. The female is somewhat smaller in size. Their arms, when extended have a span half again as long as the body height. Chimpanzee Chimpanzees live in forests, woodland, and the savanna. They are omnivores and eat fruits, leaves, seed, flowers, insects, birds, mammals and bark. Chimpanzees The chimpanzee's arms are much longer than its legs. It has got slim, long hands and feet, a black back, and is sparsely haired. Chimpanzee Chimpanzees are highly intelligent animals possessing the ability to recognise themselves, exhibit altruism (acts that have no direct benefit to themselves), and use basic tools. Chimpanzee Chimpanzees are very social primates that use facial expressions, vocalizations, body language, grooming, and even kisses and pats to communicate with members of their group.

34. Friends Of Washoe - Human Primates The Chimpanzee HumanCommunication Institute The chimpanzees' of CHCIMeetthe Family Learn About chimpanzees FOW - Human primates Education http://friendsofwashoe.org/fowhumans/fowhumans.htm

Friends of Washoe - Human Primates Meet some of the human primates that take care of Washoe and her family. Roger S. Fouts Deborah Fouts Mary Lee Jensvold Rachel Fouts-Carrico ... Site Map

35. Michio Nakamura's Page Abstract Nakamura, M., McGrew, WC, Marchant, LF, and Nishida, T., 2000 Socialscratch another custom in wild chimpanzees? primates, 41(3), 237248. http://www.ne.jp/asahi/chimp/nakamura/CV.html

Download IconZoo! (Original icons of primates and other animals) Curriculum Vitae of Michio Nakamura Michio Nakamura is a research fellow at Japan Monkey Centre. He received his Doctor's degree (Science) from Kyoto University (2001). He is carrying out research on the grooming behavior of chimpanzees at Mahale, Tanzania. Please contact michio@nakamura.email.ne.jp Name, Family name: Nakamura Forenames: Michio Sex: Male Date of birth: 24 July 1971 Place of birth: Japan Marital status: Single Nationality: Japanese Mailing address: Japan Monkey Centre, 26 Kanrin, Inuyama, 484-0081, Japan Education Faculty of Science, Kyoto University Awarded the degree of BSc Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Awarded the degree of MSc Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Awarded the degree of DSc Research and Professional Experience Research fellow at Japan Monkey Centre Membership of Academic Societies Primate Society of Japan International Primate Society Japan Association for African Studies The Society for Ecological Anthropology Publications Note: I will send a copy (or a reprint if available) of any publications below on request. Please contact me with e-mail (

36. Orangutans, Gorillas, And Chimpanzees - Program Overview (K-2, 3-5 - Life Scienc as people. This beautiful book about primates will answer all yourquestions about chimpanzees, the smallest of the great apes. http://discoveryschool.com/lessonplans/programs/animalsinthewild/orangutansgoril

sv = 13; Snake Mistakes Sharks and Whales Dogs and Cats Orangutans, Gorillas, and Chimpanzees Take advantage of the Vocabulary Questions Links Activities and Standards provided for this segment. You can download all the resources in one file designed for easy printing. See printing instructions in the Site Guide if you need help. Click on the icon to hear each word pronounced and used in a sentence. Go to our help page if you need assistance configuring your browser to play sound files. hectic Definition - Confused or rushed. Context - They (chimps) interact constantly and the pace can be hectic. tolerate Definition - To allow or permit. Context - The silverback (gorilla) tolerates the play of the young. 1. Orangutans are orange, but can still hide themselves in the trees. How do they do this? Orangutans’ untidy hair helps them blend in, and they can sit still for hours at a time. Lack of movement helps conceal their location. 2. Why do orangutans move better in trees than on the ground? Orangutans’ feet have long curved toes for holding branches and moving from tree to tree. When they are on the ground, they walk on the edges of their feet and not flat on the ground, which makes walking clumsy. They also don’t have thick skin on the backs of their hands like gorillas and chimps to help them walk on their knuckles. 3. What types of food do orangutans, gorillas and chimpanzees eat?

37. Primates In Peril medical research. The Waystation received nine chimpanzees in Octoberof 1995. Since that time many other primates have arrived. The http://www.waystation.org/html/peril.html

Every purchase helps our wildlife Search our Site P RIMATES I N P ERIL Sally is one of a group of thirteen primates who arrived at WW last spring Primates throughout the world are facing loss of habitat, catastrophic reduction in their populations, and continued pressure by man. The great apes are particularly at risk. Great apes include the Orangutan (Pongo pygmacus), the mountain gorilla (Gorilla gorilla berengi), the western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), and the pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus), and many species of gibbons. Chimpanzees are man's closest living relatives with DNA structures 97 to 99% identical to man. Generally speaking, we have not been treating our relatives very well. O RANGUTAN The Orangutan once numbered in the hundreds of thousands and ranged from southern China throughout Southeast Asia. Today they number approximately 20,000 in isolated populations on the islands of Sumatra (Pongo pygmaeus abelli) and the island of Borneo (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) The Orangutan, which translates from Malay as "forest man", is mainly a solitary animal. Solitary animals need larger ranges in foraging and this conflicts with these islands' human populations which clear cut large areas for timber export. Poachers also kill the mothers and take the babies to sell into the pet trade. The orangutan is listed as endangered by US Fish and Wildlife and CITES. M OUNTAIN G ORILLA The mountain gorilla faces severe pressure in much of its current home range. It is found in isolated family groups in the Virungas mountains of Zaire and Rwanda and in portions of Uganda. Civil war in Zaire and Rwanda has severely reduced protection of these animals. However, except for one or two isolated instances early in the war, the populations do not appear to be in current danger from the military. The total wild population is estimated at slightly over 600 animals. The mountain gorilla is listed as highly endangered due to habitat reduction by encroaching human populations and poaching.

38. Help The Primates Stop the Bushmeat Trade/End Hunting of primates Call for an end to theillegal hunting of chimpanzees, gorillas and other primates in Africa. http://www.apasfa.org/peti/primates.html

Hosting for this site is graciously donated by Animals for Consumption Bears Bovines Cats and Dogs ... Wolves images: www.corbis.com Online Petitions Stop the Bushmeat Trade/End Hunting of Primates - Call for an end to the illegal hunting of chimpanzees, gorillas and other primates in Africa. The hunting of primates continues to decimate the populations of endangered primates. Learn more at: http://www.wspa-international.org/campaigns/bushmeat/bushmeat04.html http://www.bushmeat.org/ Final Justice for Suzy - Petition to urge Jefferson County prosecutor, Robert G. Wilkins, to seek full felony charges against Jason Coats in the April shooting death of a chimpanzee in Festus, Missouri. We further urge Mr. Wilkins to not accept a lesser plea but to press fully to ensure that Mr. Coats is incarcerated for his crime. Petition Against Primate Pet Trade Primates are meant to live in forests. Unfortunately, many of these animals are forced to live in households. They are not meant to live as pets.

39. THE ORIGIN OF CHIMPANZEES, GORILLAS AND ORANGUTANS; The Origin Of The Primates Y 4. CALCULATION MODEL FOR THE GENETIC. MITOCHONDRIAL DRIFT FOR MONKEYS. Mathematicalmethod applied to chimpanzees (and other primates). Period of time. http://www.mamomumy.com/

FastCounter THE ORIGIN OF CHIMPANZEES, GORILLAS AND ORANGUTANS ;The Origin of the Primates Y-Chromosomes Date of publication on Internet : July 26 , 2000 www.mamomumy.com Dated by BELGIAN Authorities 30 th of June, 2000 Studying the varieties between elephants or rhinos is easy. Of each genera we find one or two species in Africa and one or two in Asia. But monkeys, what a confusing situation .All kind of colours, sizes, shapes, weights and intelligences; not to mention their looks. Nowadays they are mainly spread over the worlds tropical regions, for the time being. In this article a new ANALYTICAL METHOD is proposed to classify apes and monkeys according their genetic distances from humans; most particularly the distances in MITOCHONDRIAL DNA (mtDNA) . The highly diversified monkey Y-chromosomes play a dominant role in this new method. Mitochondrial DNA is uniparentally inherited as we all know and is passed on from mother to son and daughter. As we shall see,also the MITOCHONDRIAL PATERNAL INHERITANCE plays a surprising role with monkeys and is passed on to every NEW GENE- RATION by means of the MALE SPERM CELL.

40. Nature Publishing Group Article . 27. Sumita, K., KitaharaFrisch, J. Norikoshi, K. The acquisitionof stone tool use in captive chimpanzees. primates 26, 168-181 (1985). 28. http://www.nature.com/cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v399/n6737/full/

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