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Aristophanes:     more books (100)

The Eleven ComediesVolume 1 by Aristophanes, 2008-08-18 Aristophanes Frogs (Focus Classical Library) by Jeffrey Henderson, 2008-04-23 Lysistrata by Aristophanes, 2009-10-04 The Eleven ComediesVolume 2 by Aristophanes, 2008-08-18 Aristophanes: The Complete Plays by Aristophanes, 2005-02-01 Four Plays by Aristophanes: The Birds; The Clouds; The Frogs; Lysistrata by Aristophanes, 2010-07-01 Frogs and Other Plays by Aristophanes, 2010-07-02 Lysistrata and Other Plays by Aristophanes, 2010-07-02 Birds and Other Plays (Oxford World's Classics) by Aristophanes, 2009-01-15 Complete Plays of Aristophanes (Bantam Classics) by Aristophanes, 1984-03-01 Aristophanes: Frogs. Assemblywomen. Wealth. (Loeb Classical Library No. 180) by Aristophanes, 2002-05-01 Aristophanes: Acharnians (Focus Classical Library) by Aristophanes, 2003-05-01 Aristophanes I: Clouds, Wasps, Birds by Aristophanes, Peter Meineck, 1998-09 Aristophanes: Birds. Lysistrata. Women at the Thesmophoria. (Loeb Classical Library No. 179) by Aristophanes, 2000-11-15

lists with details

1. Aristophanes (c. 448-380 B.C.)
   Brief biography at Imagination.Category Arts Literature Drama Ancient Greek aristophanesBiography of Greek playwright aristophanes, plus links to all of hissurviving plays. Click Here. aristophanes. Of all the writers  
   http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc13.htm
   
   Extractions: Aristophanes Of all the writers of " Old Comedy ", only one remains. Lost forever are the works of Chionides Magnes , Ecphantides, Cratinus Crates , and Eupolis. All the extant comedies of the fifth century B.C. belong to one manAristophanes. On his shoulders alone rests the reputation of an entire age of comedy. Fortunately, by most accounts Aristophanes was the greatest comic writer of his day. By the time Aristophanes began to write his comedies, democracy had already begun to sour for the Athenians. The people were increasingly demoralized by the ongoing conflicts of the Peloponnesian War and the loss of their greatest hero, Pericles, had been taken from them and replaced by unscrupulous politicians such as Cleon and Hyperbolus. It is little wonder, therefore, that Aristophanes laughter is tinged, even from the beginning, with tones of apprehension and grief. Aristophanes' first two comedies, The Banqueters and The Babylonians have been lost. His first surviving play

2. Aristophanes And His Comedies
   Biography of Greek dramatist aristophanes and an analysis of his poetic qualities.  
   http://www.theatrehistory.com/ancient/aristophanes001.html
   
   Extractions: ARISTOPHANES AND HIS COMEDIES This document was originally published in The Drama: Its History, Literature and Influence on Civilization, vol. 2 . ed. Alfred Bates. London: Historical Publishing Company, 1906. pp. 7-16. Purchase Plays by Aristophanes The strongest testimony in favor of Aristophanes is that of Plato, who, in one of his epigrams, says that "the Graces chose his soul for their abode." The philosopher was a constant reader of the comedian, sending to Dionysius the elder a copy of the Clouds , from which to make himself acquainted with the Athenian republic. This was not intended merely as a description of the unbridled democratic freedom then prevailing at Athens, but as an example of the poet's thorough knowledge of the world, and of the political conditions of what was then the world's metropolis. In his Symposium , Plato makes Aristophanes deliver a discourse on love, which the latter explains in a sensual manner, but with remarkable originality. At the end of the banquet, Aristodemus, who was one of the guests, fell asleep, "and, as the nights were long, took a good rest. When he was awakened, toward daybreak, by the crowing of cocks, the others were also asleep or had gone away, and there remained awake only Aristophanes, Agathon and Socrates, who were drinking out of a large goblet that was passed around, while Socrates was discoursing to them. Aristodemus did not hear all the discourse, for he was only half awake; but he remembered Socrates insisting to the other two that the genius of comedy was the same as that of tragedy, and that the writer of the one should also be a writer of the other. To this they were compelled to assent, being sleepy, and not quite understanding what he meant. And first Aristophanes fell asleep, and then, when the day was dawning, Agathon."

3. Aristophanes By Alice In Theaterland
   Presents a chronological timeline of aristophanes' life and offers links to other Web sites on the Greek playwright. aristophanes. aristophanes is a Comedy Writer of 5th century BC.  
   http://www.geocities.com/akatsavou/aristophan_en.html
   
   Extractions: Change language to Greek Home Site-map Links ... e-mail ARISTO PHANES Aristophanes is a Comedy Writer of 5th century BC. He is the only representative of Ancient Attik Comedy, that we have from him whole plays saved. By that we make the conclusion that he must have been the most popular of all the comedy writers not only of his time but of Hellenistic and Byzantine Times (when the greatest literature and plays of all times were transcripted and maintained). Father of comedy that brought to us, through Plauto, Terentio, Moliere and Shakespeare until now. LIFE A ristophanes was born in 450 b.C. or a few years later. We make the conclusion for the year since in "Nefeles"- ("The Clouds") (528-533) the writer leaves us to think that he was extremely young and he didn't have self-confidence when the play "Thetalis" (his first play) was staged. Pelloponesian war starts, between Athens and Sparta. Pestilence in Athens. Death of Pericleus. Plato is born. "Thetalis" (lost) "Babylonians" (lost) . Kleon lawsuits Aristophanes, with the accusation that by that play ridicules the elective rulers of the city to the audience, and among them a lot of foreign visitors, in Grant Dionesia. The suit didn't seem to have any consequence for him.

4. The Internet Classics Archive | Works By Aristophanes
   Works by aristophanes The Acharnians Written 425 BCE Read discussion 10 commentsThe Birds Written 414 BCE Read discussion 6 comments The Clouds Written 419  
   http://classics.mit.edu/Browse/browse-Aristophanes.html

5. ARISTOPHANES Forum Frigate
   Discussion forum and live chat devoted to aristophanes.  
   http://carolinanavy.com/fleet2/f2/zclassics/ARISTOPHANEShall/shakespeare1.html
   
   Extractions: hatteraslight.com Welcome to the ARISTOPHANES Forum Frigate. Post yer opinion, a link to some of yer work, or yer thoughts regarding the best books and criticisms concerning ARISTOPHANES. We'd also like to invite ye to sail on by the ARISTOPHANES Live Chat , and feel free to use the message board below to schedule a live chat. And the brave of heart shall certainly wish to sign their souls aboard The Jolly Roger If ye long for truth and the honest sea,

6. Aristophanes: The Frogs
   A synopsis of the play by aristophanes.Category Arts Literature aristophanes Works Frogs, The The Frogs. A synopsis of the play by aristophanes. This article was originallypublished in Minute History of the Drama. Find more aristophanes websites  
   http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc13w1.html
   
   Extractions: Home Theatre Links Advertise Here Email Us The Frogs A synopsis of the play by Aristophanes This article was originally published in Minute History of the Drama THE FROGS was probably produced at the Lenaean festival in Athens in January, 405 B.C. where it took first prize. It scored such a hit that it was staged a second time, probably in March of the same year, at the Great Dionysia. It is typical of the lyrical-burlesques of Aristophanes. THE god, Dionysus, as a theater goer, bemoans the lack of good contemporary dramatists. This lack, he feels, reflects on his own honor. After some consideration he resolves to go with his servant, Xanthias, to the afterworld and bring back the Prince of dramatists, Euripides . With this plan in mind he procures a lion skin and club and disguises himself to represent the recklessly brave Heracles, thinking thus to fortify himself against the dangers of the journey. He makes a final call on the immortal Heracles to ask directions and then sets out. The news spreads that Dionysus is in Hades and almost at once loud quarreling is heard. The disturbance turns out to be

7. Great Books Index - Aristophanes
   aristophanes Great Books Index. GREAT BOOKS INDEX. aristophanes (447about 380 BC)  
   http://books.mirror.org/gb.aristophanes.html

8. Aristophanes
   A biography of the Greek comedy writer; includes a list of related links.Category Arts Literature Drama Ancient Greek aristophanes aristophanes (c. 448385 BC). THE literary activity of the famous Greekcomedy writer, aristophanes, covered a period of forty years.  
   http://www.theatredatabase.com/ancient/aristophanes_001.html
   
   Extractions: Home Ancient Theatre Medieval Theatre 16th Century ... Email Us ARISTOPHANES (c. 448-385 B.C.) T HE literary activity of the famous Greek comedy writer, Aristophanes, covered a period of forty years. During that time the telling satire of his pen was brought to bear alike on prominent men, political trends, and social foibles. Of the forty plays known to be genuine products of his genius eleven remain for posterity. But these easily prove that for wit, rollicking humor, invention, and skill in the use of language Aristophanes has never been surpassed. Of the poet's life we know very little. Even the place of his birth is in doubt. His family, however, evidently had some wealth for the poet's education was obviously one of the best. In politics he supported the aristocratic peace party with all the force of an impetuous nature. Classical commentators have divided the work of Aristophanes into three periods. The first period ended about 421 B.C. and included two of his lost plays as well as five of the surviving ones. For some reason Aristophanes' first three plays were brought out under the name of one of his actors. They included the two lost plays

9. The Internet Classics Archive | The Frogs By Aristophanes
   The Frogs. By aristophanes. Commentary Quite a few comments have been posted about The Frogs.  
   http://classics.mit.edu/Aristophanes/frogs.html

10. The Internet Classics Archive | The Clouds By Aristophanes
    Complete text of the play by aristophanes.Category Arts Literature aristophanes Works Clouds, TheThe Clouds By aristophanes Commentary Many comments have been postedabout The Clouds. Read them or add your own. Reader Recommendations  
    http://classics.mit.edu/Aristophanes/clouds.html
    
    Extractions: STREPSIADES sitting up Great gods! will these nights never end? will daylight never come? I heard the cock crow long ago and my slaves are snoring still! Ah! Ah! It wasn't like this formerly. Curses on the war! has it not done me ills enough? Now I may not even chastise my own slaves. Again there's this brave lad

11. Aristophanes
    aristophanes and Greek Old Comedy The purpose of this page is to provide links to various web sites dealing with the Ancient Greek poet aristophanes and his mastery of "old comedy."  
    http://helios.augustana.edu/~dbc/aristoph.html
    
    Extractions: The purpose of this page is to provide links to various web sites dealing with the Ancient Greek poet Aristophanes and his mastery of "old comedy." Each link has a specific purpose, so look around and learn about the only existing examples of this art form. Encyclopedia article highlighting important information of Aristophanes' life and works including his early family life and early career. Within this encyclopedia article are numerous links to other people, places, and texts which will enable you to continue learning about ancient Greece. This site is maintained by Tufts University though it's Perseus Project. Click here to go directly to the site ( Aristophanes To learn more about the significant contributions of Aristophanes and other ancient greek authors, follow this link to a page created by Angela DeHaven of Portland State University. This page also includes links to other sites dealing with ancient Greece ( Additional Info For a complete list of the only remaining examples of "old comedy," follow this link to a list of 11 of Aristophanes' plays. These can be read in their original text or translated versions. This is another location on the Perseus Project (

12. Aristophanes: Monologues
    An index of monologues by the Greek dramatist aristophanes.Category Arts Literature Drama Ancient Greek aristophanesClick Here. MONOLOGUES BY aristophanes The Clouds comic monologuefor a man. Find more articles on aristophanes MONOLOGUE INDEX.  
    http://www.monologuearchive.com/a/aristophanes.html
    
    Extractions: MONOLOGUES BY ARISTOPHANES: RELATED LINKS: Find more articles on ARISTOPHANES: MONOLOGUE INDEX Comic Monologues for Men Comic Monologues for Women Dramatic Monologues for Men Dramatic Monologues for Women ... Monologues for Children BROWSE MONOLOGUES BY PLAYWRIGHT: A B C D ... Email Us onologuearchive.com

13. Aristophanes Collection At Bartleby.com
    Includes etext from the Harvard Classics and a brief biographical note.  
    http://www.bartleby.com/people/Aristph.html
    
    Extractions: Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Authors Fiction Harvard Classics And tell me this: of all the roads you know, / Which is the quickest way to get to Hades? / I want one not too warm, nor yet too cold. Frogs,

14. Aristophanes' Clouds
    Study guide for aristophanes comedy 'The Clouds'.Category Arts Literature aristophanes Works Clouds, The aristophanes's Comic Portrait of Socrates. What view of the Clouds, aristophanes'sstyle of comedy and his competitors is presented (537562)?  
    http://depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/classics/dunkle/studyguide/clouds.htm
    
    Extractions: Brooklyn College Core Curriculum Series The setting of the Clouds requires two doors in the skene, one representing Strepsiades's house and the other, the Thinkery, both in the city of Athens. The play begins with Strepsiades and Pheidippides sleeping in their beds. Since the ancient Greek theater had no curtain, these two men in their beds had to be carried out in full view of the audience by stagehands (probably slaves) and placed in front of one of the doors of the skene representing Strepsiades's house. The audience was no doubt expected to imagine that this was an indoor scene, because it was not usual for Greeks to sleep outside. This assumption is strengthened by the fact that, since Pheidippides is sleeping under five blankets, the weather is cool, which would make it even less likely that this was intended as an outdoor scene. The method of presenting the scholarly activities that go on inside the Thinkery is by no means certain. K. J. Dover ( Aristophanic Comedy , Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1972, 107) suggests two possibilities. The students could come out of the door of the skene carrying their apparatus with them, which they could leave behind when they go back inside. Another possibility is that a screen made of canvas and wood with a door, held from behind by stagehands, could conceal the students until Strepsiades asks that the door be opened. The stagehands then could remove this screen revealing the students and their equipment. When the students are ordered to go back inside, they could go through a door of the skene which then would become the door of the Thinkery for the rest of the play.

15. Notes On Aristophanes' Birds
    Background synopsis of aristophanes' Birds.  
    http://www.temple.edu/classics/birdsnotes.html
    
    Extractions: by Peter Meineck, founding director of the Aquila Theatre Company of London On meeting the Hoopoe, and taking advantage of his advice, our heroes soon discover that there is no place in the known world that can evade the far reaching clutches of the Athenian Empire. The Hoopoe tells of his life with the birds, and their easy existence of eating and loving. This is perfect, and Makedo hatches an amazing idea. They will found a city of the birds and live among them. An exotic array of birds are called together and after the initial threat passes, these two age old enemies- Man and Bird- conspire to elect Makedo their representative and demand recognition for their city in the sky from both the gods above and the mortals below. Makedo creates an embargo and controls the air. No sacrifices will be allowed to pass through his territory and reach heaven, and the gods will be denied passage to earth. Man will be denied the comfort of their gods and the gods will starve from lack of sacrificial offerings. But as Makedo tries to found his city, he is inundated with unsavory visitors from the very city that he is seeking to escape. These insidious interlopers try to impose Athenian ways upon his bird kingdom, and he dispatches them rudely- no doubt to the great delight of Aristophanes' original audience. In the following scene, we are told directly about the benefits of bird life. This theatrical device, the parabasis, is unique to Greek comedy and was often the place where the playwright himself, speaking through his chorus, would voice his opinions. Here the parabasis is woven into the general theme of the play: that of fantasy that ridicules the very concept of escapism.

16. Chatting Over Coffee With A Goat
    Chatting over coffee with a goat; the personal site of Roger Ivan Hart, writer and human rights campaigner.  
    http://www.oldgoat.org.uk/
    
    Extractions: Who is the Goat? Roger Ivan Hart. My middle name, Ivan, is a family tradition going back at least five generations. My father's family were deep-sea fishermen, so maybe the tradition began with a liaison in a Russian port? My nickname was given to me by a tantrum named Samantha. A tantrum named Samantha? I cannot recall the event that led to the tantrum in question. Sam's reaction I can recall, vividly. She called me a goat . Sam later told me that she meant to say 'git', charming child, but, the name stuck. I have aged somewhat since then, hence the reference to 'oldgoat' in my URL. Sam, my daughter, is now in her twenties and less volatile. Mmmm ... So Samantha alone is responsible for this web site? Well, no, not really. Aristophanes What does the Goat do? I write poetry, short stories and plays; I help club and group secretaries to use their computers more efficiently and effectively; I write letters, the formal sort, due in large part to my interest in campaigning on human rights issues, an interest first instilled by my father and reinforced by service in the British army. I also write letters of complaint to businesses and agencies on behalf of people who have difficulty writing their own because they're old or disabled. An example of the consumer-type letters I write can be seen by clicking here . It's a complaint I made on my own behalf to opticians Dolland and Aitchinson when I was prescribed incorrect spectacles and they refused to give me a refund (I did get a refund a couple of days after sending this letter). Oh, and I also enjoy chatting, usually it's the more serious stuff, and coffee, especially 'Hot Lava Java'.

17. Eserver.org/drama/aristophanes/lysistrata.txt
    410 BC LYSISTRATA by aristophanes anonymous translator CHARACTERS IN THE PLAYLYSISTRATA CLEONICE MYRRHINE LAMPITO MAGISTRATES CINESIAS CHILD OF CINESIAS  
    http://eserver.org/drama/aristophanes/lysistrata.txt
    
    Extractions: 410 BC LYSISTRATA by Aristophanes anonymous translator CHARACTERS IN THE PLAY LYSISTRATA CLEONICE MYRRHINE LAMPITO MAGISTRATES CINESIAS CHILD OF CINESIAS HERALD OF THE LACEDAEMONIANS ENVOYS OF THE LACEDAEMONIANS AN ATHENIAN CITIZEN CHORUS OF OLD MEN CHORUS OF WOMEN LYSISTRATA LYSISTRATA (SCENE:-At the base of the Orchestra are two buildings, the house of LYSISTRATA and the entrance to the Acropolis; a winding and narrow path leads up to the latter. Between the two buildings is the opening of the Cave of Pan. LYSISTRATA is pacing up and down in front of her house.) LYSISTRATA Ah! if only they had been invited to a Bacchic revelling, or a feast of Pan or Aphrodite or Genetyllis, why! the streets would have been impassable for the thronging tambourines! Now there's never a woman here-ah! except my neighbour Cleonice, whom I see approaching yonder.... Good day, Cleonice. CLEONICE Good day, Lysistrata; but pray, why this dark, forbidding face, my dear? Believe me, you don't look a bit pretty with those black lowering brows. LYSISTRATA Oh, Cleonice, my heart is on fire; I blush for our sex. Men will have it we are tricky and sly.... CLEONICE And they are quite right, upon my word! LYSISTRATA Yet, look you, when the women are summoned to meet for a matter of the greatest importance, they lie in bed instead of coming. CLEONICE Oh! they will come, my dear; but it's not easy, you know, for women to leave the house. One is busy pottering about her husband; another is getting the servant up; a third is putting her child asleep or washing the brat or feeding it. LYSISTRATA But I tell you, the business that calls them here is far and away more urgent. CLEONICE And why do you summon us, dear Lysistrata? What is it all about? LYSISTRATA About a big thing. CLEONICE (taking this in a different sense; with great interest) And is it thick too? LYSISTRATA Yes, very thick. CLEONICE And we are not all on the spot! Imagine! LYSISTRATA (wearily) Oh! if it were what you suppose, there would be never an absentee. No, no, it concerns a thing I have turned about and about this way and that so many sleepless nights. CLEONICE (still unable to be serious) It must be something mighty fine and subtle for you to have turned it about so! LYSISTRATA So fine, it means just this, Greece saved by the women! CLEONICE By the women! Why, its salvation hangs on a poor thread then! LYSISTRATA Our country's fortunes depend on us-it is with us to undo utterly the Peloponnesians. CLEONICE That would be a noble deed truly! LYSISTRATA To exterminate the Boeotians to a man! CLEONICE But surely you would spare the eels. LYSISTRATA For Athens' sake I will never threaten so fell a doom; trust me for that. However, if the Boeotian and Peloponnesian women join us, Greece is saved. CLEONICE But how should women perform so wise and glorious an achievement, we women who dwell in the retirement of the household, clad in diaphanous garments of yellow silk and long flowing gowns, decked out with flowers and shod with dainty little slippers? LYSISTRATA Ah, but those are the very sheet-anchors of our salvation-those yellow tunics, those scents and slippers, those cosmetics and transparent robes. CLEONICE How so, pray? LYSISTRATA There is not a man will wield a lance against another... CLEONICE Quick, I will get me a yellow tunic from the dyer's. LYSISTRATA ...or want a shield. CLEONICE I'll run and put on a flowing gown. LYSISTRATA ...or draw a sword. CLEONICE I'll haste and buy a pair of slippers this instant. LYSISTRATA Now tell me, would not the women have done best to come? CLEONICE Why, they should have flown here! LYSISTRATA Ah! my dear, you'll see that like true Athenians, they will do everything too late.... Why, there's not a woman come from the shore, not one from Salamis. CLEONICE But I know for certain they embarked at daybreak. LYSISTRATA And the dames from Acharnae! why, I thought they would have been the very first to arrive. CLEONICE Theagenes' wife at any rate is sure to come; she has actually been to consult Hecate.... But look! here are some arrivals-and there are more behind. Ah! ha! now what countrywomen may they be? LYSISTRATA They are from Anagyra. CLEONICE Yes! upon my word, 'tis a levy en masse of all the female population of Anagyra! (MYRRHINE enters, followed by other women.) MYRRHINE Are we late, Lysistrata? Tell us, pray; what, not a word? LYSISTRATA I cannot say much for you, Myrrhine! you have not bestirred yourself overmuch for an affair of such urgency. MYRRHINE I could not find my girdle in the dark. However, if the matter is so pressing, here we are; so speak. CLEONICE No, let's wait a moment more, till the women of Boeotia arrive and those from the Peloponnese. LYSISTRATA Yes, that is best.... Ah! here comes Lampito. (LAMPITO, a husky Spartan damsel, enters with three others, two from Boeotia and one from Corinth.) Good day, Lampito, dear friend from Lacedaemon. How well and handsome you look! what a rosy complexion! and how strong you seem; why, you could strangle a bull surely! LAMPITO Yes, indeed, I really think I could. It's because I do gymnastics and practise the bottom-kicking dance. CLEONICE (opening LAMPITO'S robe and baring her bosom) And what superb breasts! LAMPITO La! you are feeling me as if I were a beast for sacrifice. LYSISTRATA And this young woman, where is she from? LAMPITO She is a noble lady from Boeotia. LYSISTRATA Ah! my pretty Boeotian friend, you are as blooming as a garden. CLEONICE (making another inspection) Yes, on my word! and her "garden" is so thoroughly weeded too! LYSISTRATA (pointing to the Corinthian) And who is this? LAMPITO 'Tis an honest woman, by my faith! she comes from Corinth. CLEONICE Oh! honest, no doubt then-as honesty goes at Corinth. LAMPITO But who has called together this council of women, pray? LYSISTRATA I have. LAMPITO Well then, tell us what you want of us. CLEONICE Yes, please tell us! What is this very important business you wish to inform us about? LYSISTRATA I will tell you. But first answer me one question. CLEONICE Anything you wish. LYSISTRATA Don't you feel sad and sorry because the fathers of your children are far away from you with the army? For I'll wager there is not one of you whose husband is not abroad at this moment. CLEONICE Mine has been the last five months in Thrace-looking after Eucrates. MYRRHINE It's seven long months since mine left for Pylos. LAMPITO As for mine, if he ever does return from service, he's no sooner home than he takes down his shield again and flies back to the wars. LYSISTRATA And not so much as the shadow of a lover! Since the day the Milesians betrayed us, I have never once seen an eight-inch gadget even, to be a leathern consolation to us poor widows.... Now tell me, if I have discovered a means of ending the war, will you all second me? CLEONICE Yes verily, by all the goddesses, I swear I will, though I have to put my gown in pawn, and drink the money the same day. MYRRHINE And so will I, though I must be split in two like a flat-fish, and have half myself removed. LAMPITO And I too; why to secure peace, I would climb to the top of Mount Taygetus. LYSISTRATA Then I will out with it at last, my mighty secret! Oh! sister women, if we would compel our husbands to make peace, we must refrain... CLEONICE Refrain from what? tell us, tell us! LYSISTRATA But will you do it? MYRRHINE We will, we will, though we should die of it. LYSISTRATA We must refrain from the male altogether.... Nay, why do you turn your backs on me? Where are you going? So, you bite your lips, and shake your heads, eh? Why these pale, sad looks? why these tears? Come, will you do it-yes or no? Do you hesitate? CLEONICE I will not do it, let the war go on. MYRRHINE Nor will I; let the war go on. LYSISTRATA (to MYRRHINE) And you say this, my pretty flat-fish, who declared just now they might split you in two? CLEONICE Anything, anything but that! Bid me go through the fire, if you will,-but to rob us of the sweetest thing in all the world, Lysistrata darling! LYSISTRATA (to MYRRHINE) And you? MYRRHINE Yes, I agree with the others; I too would sooner go through the fire. LYSISTRATA Oh, wanton, vicious sex! the poets have done well to make tragedies upon us; we are good for nothing then but love and lewdness! But you, my dear, you from hardy Sparta, if you join me, all may yet be well; help me, second me, I beg you. LAMPITO 'Tis a hard thing, by the two goddesses it is! for a woman to sleep alone without ever a strong male in her bed. But there, peace must come first. LYSISTRATA Oh, my darling, my dearest, best friend, you are the only one deserving the name of woman! CLEONICE But if-which the gods forbid-we do refrain altogether from what you say, should we get peace any sooner? LYSISTRATA Of course we should, by the goddesses twain! We need only sit indoors with painted cheeks, and meet our mates lightly clad in transparent gowns of Amorgos silk, and perfectly depilated; they will get their tools up and be wild to lie with us. That will be the time to refuse, and they will hasten to make peace, I am convinced of that! LAMPITO Yes, just as Menelaus, when he saw Helen's naked bosom, threw away his sword, they say. CLEONICE But, oh dear, suppose our husbands go away and leave us. LYSISTRATA Then, as Pherecrates says, we must "flay a skinned dog," that's all. CLEONICE Fiddlesticks! these proverbs are all idle talk.... But if our husbands drag us by main force into the bedchamber? LYSISTRATA Hold on to the door posts. CLEONICE But if they beat us? LYSISTRATA Then yield to their wishes, but with a bad grace; there is no pleasure in it for them, when they do it by force. Besides, there are a thousand ways of tormenting them. Never fear, they'll soon tire of the game; there's no satisfaction for a man, unless the woman shares it. CLEONICE Very well, if you must have it so, we agree. LAMPITO For ourselves, no doubt we shall persuade our husbands to conclude a fair and honest peace; but there is the Athenian populace, how are we to cure these folk of their warlike frenzy? LYSISTRATA Have no fear; we undertake to make our own people listen to reason. LAMPITO That's impossible, so long as they have their trusty ships and the vast treasures stored in the temple of Athene. LYSISTRATA Ah! but we have seen to that; this very day the Acropolis will be in our hands. That is the task assigned to the older women; while we are here in council, they are going, under pretence of offering sacrifice, to seize the citadel. LAMPITO Well said indeed! everything is going for the best. LYSISTRATA Come, quick, Lampito, and let us bind ourselves by an inviolable oath. LAMPITO Recite the terms; we will swear to them. LYSISTRATA With pleasure. Where is our Scythian policewoman? Now, what are you staring at, pray? Lay this shield on the earth before us, its hollow upwards, and someone bring me the victim's inwards. CLEONICE Lysistrata, say, what oath are we to swear? LYSISTRATA What oath? Why, in Aeschylus, they sacrifice a sheep, and swear over a buckler; we will do the same. CLEONICE No, Lysistrata, one cannot swear peace over a buckler, surely. LYSISTRATA What other oath do you prefer? CLEONICE Let's take a white horse, and sacrifice it, and swear on its entrails. LYSISTRATA But where shall we get a white horse? CLEONICE Well, what oath shall we take then? LYSISTRATA Listen to me. Let's set a great black bowl on the ground; let's sacrifice a skin of Thasian wine into it, and take oath not to add one single drop of water. LAMPITO Ah! that's an oath pleases me more than I can say. LYSISTRATA Let them bring me a bowl and a skin of wine. CLEONICE Ah! my dears, what a noble big bowl! what fun it will be to empty it LYSISTRATA Set the bowl down on the ground, and lay your hands on the victim. ....Almighty goddess, Persuasion, and thou, bowl, boon comrade of joy and merriment, receive this our sacrifice, and be propitious to us poor women! CLEONICE (as LYSISTRATA pours the wine into the bowl) Oh! the fine red blood! how well it flows! LAMPITO And what a delicious bouquet, by Castor! CLEONICE Now, my dears, let me swear first, if you please. LYSISTRATA No, by Aphrodite, unless it's decided by lot. But come, then, Lampito, and all of you, put your hands to the bowl; and do you, Cleonice, repeat for all the rest the solemn terms I am going to recite. Then you must all swear, and pledge yourselves by the same promises,-I will have naught to do whether with lover or husband... CLEONICE (faintly) I will have naught to do whether with lover or husband... LYSISTRATA Albeit he come to me with an erection... CLEONICE (her voice quavering) Albeit he come to me with an erection... (in despair) Oh! Lysistrata, I cannot bear it! LYSISTRATA (ignoring this outburst) I will live at home unbulled... CLEONICE I will live at home unbulled... LYSISTRATA Beautifully dressed and wearing a saffron-coloured gown CLEONICE Beautifully dressed and wearing a saffron-coloured gown... LYSISTRATA To the end I may inspire my husband with the most ardent longings. CLEONICE To the end I may inspire my husband with the most ardent longings. LYSISTRATA Never will I give myself voluntarily... CLEONICE Never will I give myself voluntarily... LYSISTRATA And if he has me by force... CLEONICE And if he has me by force... LYSISTRATA I will be cold as ice, and never stir a limb... CLEONICE I will be cold as ice, and never stir a limb... LYSISTRATA I will neither extend my Persian slippers toward the ceiling... CLEONICE I will neither extend my Persian slippers toward the ceiling... LYSISTRATA Nor will I crouch like the carven lions on a knife-handle. CLEONICE Nor will I crouch like the carven lions on a knife-handle. LYSISTRATA And if I keep my oath, may I be suffered to drink of this wine. CLEONICE (more courageously) And if I keep my oath, may I be suffered to drink of this wine. LYSISTRATA But if I break it, let my bowl be filled with water. CLEONICE But if I break it, let my bowl be filled with water. LYSISTRATA Will you all take this oath? ALL We do. LYSISTRATA Then I'll now consume this remnant. (She drinks.) CLEONICE (reaching for the cup) Enough, enough, my dear; now let us all drink in turn to cement our friendship. (They pass the cup around and all drink. A great commotion is heard off stage.) LAMPITO Listen! what do those cries mean? LYSISTRATA It's what I was telling you; the women have just occupied the Acropolis. So now, Lampito, you return to Sparta to organize the plot, while your comrades here remain as hostages. For ourselves, let us go and join the rest in the citadel, and let us push the bolts well home. CLEONICE But don't you think the men will march up against us? LYSISTRATA I laugh at them. Neither threats nor flames shall force our doors; they shall open only on the conditions I have named. CLEONICE Yes, yes, by Aphrodite; otherwise we should be called cowardly and wretched women. (She follows LYSISTRATA out.) (The scene shifts to the entrance of the Acropolis. The CHORUS OF OLD MEN slowly enters, carrying faggots and pots of fire.) LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Go easy, Draces, go easy; why, your shoulder is all chafed by these damned heavy olive stocks. But forward still, forward, man, as needs must. FIRST SEMI-CHORUS OF OLD MEN (singing) What unlooked-for things do happen, to be sure, in a long life! Ah! Strymodorus, who would ever have thought it? Here we have the women, who used, for our misfortune, to eat our bread and live in our houses, daring nowadays to lay hands on the holy image of the goddess, to seize the Acropolis and draw bars and bolts to keep any from entering! LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Come, Philurgus, man, let's hurry there; let's lay our faggots all about the citadel, and on the blazing pile burn with our hands these vile conspiratresses, one and all-and Lycon's wife first and foremost! SECOND SEMI-CHORUS OF OLD MEN (singing) Nay, by Demeter, never will I let them laugh at me, whiles I have a breath left in my body. Cleomenes himself, the first who ever seized our citadel, had to quit it to his sore dishonour; spite his Lacedaemonian pride, he had to deliver me up his arms and slink off with a single garment to his back. My word! but he was filthy and ragged! and what an unkempt beard, to be sure! He had not had a bath for six long years! LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Oh! but that was a mighty siege! Our men were ranged seventeen deep before the gate, and never left their posts, even to sleep. These women, these enemies of Euripides and all the gods, shall I do nothing to hinder their inordinate insolence? else let them tear down my trophies of Marathon. FIRST SEMI-CHORUS OF OLD MEN (singing) But look, to finish this toilsome climb only this last steep bit is left to mount. Truly, it's no easy job without beasts of burden, and how these logs do bruise my shoulder! Still let us carry on, and blow up our fire and see it does not go out just as we reach our destination. Phew! phew! (Blowing the fire) Oh! dear! what a dreadful smoke! SECOND SEMI-CHORUS OF OLD MEN (singing) It bites my eyes like a mad dog. It is Lemnian fire for sure, or it would never devour my eyelids like this. Come on, Laches, let's hurry, let's bring succour to the goddess; it's now or never! Phew! phew! (Blowing the fire) Oh dear! what a confounded smoke! LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN There now, there's our fire all bright and burning, thank the gods! Now, why not first put down our loads here, then take a vine-branch, light it at the brazier and hurl it at the gate by way of battering-ram? If they don't answer our summons by pulling back the bolts, then we set fire to the woodwork, and the smoke will choke them. Ye gods! what a smoke! Pfaugh! Is there never a Samian general will help me unload my burden?-Ah! it shall not gall my shoulder any more. (Setting down the wood) Come, brazier, do your duty, make the embers flare, that I may kindle a brand; I want to be the first to hurl one. Aid me, heavenly Victory; let us punish for their insolent audacity the women who have seized our citadel, and may we raise a trophy of triumph for success! (They begin to build a fire. The CHORUS OF WOMEN now enters, carrying pots of water.) LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Oh! my dears, methinks I see fire and smoke; can it be a conflagration? Let us hurry all we can. FIRST SEMI-CHORUS OF WOMEN (singing) Fly, fly, Nicodice, ere Calyce and Critylle perish in the fire, or are stifled in the smoke raised by these accursed old men and their pitiless laws. But, great gods, can it be I come too late? Rising at dawn, I had the utmost trouble to fill this vessel at the fountain. Oh! what a crowd there was, and what a din! What a rattling of water-pots! Servants and slave-girls pushed and thronged me! However, here I have it full at last; and I am running to carry the water to my fellow-townswomen, whom our foes are plotting to burn alive. SECOND SEMI-CHORUS OF WOMEN (singing) News has been brought us that a company of old, doddering grey-beards, loaded with enormous faggots, as if they wanted to heat a furnace, have taken the field, vomiting dreadful threats, crying that they must reduce to ashes these horrible women. Suffer them not, oh! goddess, but, of thy grace, may I see Athens and Greece cured of their warlike folly. 'Tis to this end, oh! thou guardian deity of our city, goddess of the golden crest, that they have seized thy sanctuary. Be their friend and ally, Athene, and if any man hurl against them lighted firebrands, aid us to carry water to extinguish them. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN What is this I see, ye wretched old men? Honest and pious folk ye cannot be who act so vilely. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Ah, ha! here's something new! a swarm of women stand posted outside to defend the gates! LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Fart at us, would you? we seem a mighty host, yet you do not see the ten-thousandth part of our sex. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Ho, Phaedrias! shall we stop their cackle? Suppose one of us were to break a stick across their backs, eh? LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Let us set down our water-pots on the ground, to be out of the way, if they should dare to offer us violence. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Let someone knock out two or three teeth for them, as they did to Bupalus; they won't talk so loud then. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Come on then; I wait you with unflinching foot, and no other bitch will ever grab your balls. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Silence! or my stick will cut short your days. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Now, just you dare to touch Stratyllis with the tip of your finger! LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN And if I batter you to pieces with my fists, what will you do? LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN I will tear out your lungs and entrails with my teeth. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Oh! what a clever poet is Euripides! how well he says that woman is the most shameless of animals. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Let's pick up our water-jars again, Rhodippe. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN You damned women, what do you mean to do here with your water? LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN And you, old death-in-life, with your fire? Is it to cremate yourself? LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN I am going to build you a pyre to roast your female friends upon. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN And I,-I am going to put out your fire. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN You put out my fire-you? LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Yes, you shall soon see. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN I don't know what prevents me from roasting you with this torch. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN I am getting you a bath ready to clean off the filth. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN A bath for me, you dirty slut? LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Yes, indeed, a nuptial bath-tee heel LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN (turning to his followers) Do you hear that? What insolence! LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN I am a free woman, I tell you. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN I will make you hold your tongue, never fear! LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Ah ha! you shall never sit any more amongst the Heliasts. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN (to his torch) Burn off her hair for her! LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN (to her pot) Achelous, do your duty! (The women pitch the water in their water-pots over the old men.) LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Oh, dear! oh, dear! oh, dear! LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Was it hot? LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Hot, great gods! Enough, enough! LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN I'm watering you, to make you bloom afresh. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Alas! I am too dry! Ah, me how! how I am trembling with cold! (A MAGISTRATE enters, with a few Scythian policemen.) MAGISTRATE These women, have they made din enough, I wonder, with their tambourines? bewept Adonis enough upon their terraces? I was listening to the speeches last assembly day, and Demostratus, whom heaven confound! was saying we must all go over to Sicily-and lo! his wife was dancing round repeating: "Alas! alas! Adonis, woe is me for Adonis!" Demostratus was saying we must levy hoplites at Zacynthus-and there was his wife, more than half drunk, screaming on the house-roof: "Weep, weep for Adonis!"-while that infamous Mad Ox was bellowing away on his side.-Do you not blush, you women, for your wild and uproarious doings? LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN But you don't know all their effrontery yet! They abused and insulted us; then soused us with the water in their water-pots, and have set us wringing out our clothes, for all the world as if we had bepissed ourselves. MAGISTRATE And well done too, by Posidon! We men must share the blame of their ill conduct; it is we who teach them to love riot and dissoluteness and sow the seeds of wickedness in their hearts. You see a husband go into a shop: "Look you, jeweller," says he, "you remember the necklace you made for my wife. Well, the other evening, when she was dancing, the catch came open. Now, I am bound to start for Salamis; will you make it convenient to go up to-night to make her fastening secure?" Another will go to the cobbler, a great, strong fellow, with a great, long tool, and tell him: "The strap of one of my wife's sandals presses her little toe, which is extremely sensitive; come in about midday to supple the thing and stretch it." Now see the results. Take my own case-as a Magistrate I have enlisted rowers; I want money to pay them, and the women slam the door in my face. But why do we stand here with arms crossed? Bring me a crowbar; I'll chastise their insolence!-Ho! there, my fine fellow! (to one of the Scythians) what are, you gaping at the crows for? looking for a tavern, I suppose, eh? Come on, bring crowbars here, and force open the gates. I will put a hand to the work myself. LYSISTRATA (opening the gate and walking out) No need to force the gates; I am coming out-here I am. And why bolts and bars? What we want here is not bolts and bars and locks, but common sense. MAGISTRATE (jumping nervously, then striving manfully to regain his dignity) Really, my fine lady! Where is my officer? I want him to tie that woman's hands behind her back. LYSISTRATA By Artemis, the virgin goddess! if he touches me with the tip of his finger, officer of the public peace though he be, let him look out for himself! (The first Scythian defecates in terror.) MAGISTRATE (to another officer) How now, are you afraid? Seize her, I tell you, round the body. Two of you at her, and have done with it! CLEONICE By Pandrosos! if you lay a hand on her, Ill trample you underfoot till the crap comes out of you! (The second Scythian defecates in terror.) MAGISTRATE Look at the mess you've made! Where is there another officer? (To the third Scythian) Bind that minx first, the one who speaks so prettily! MYRRHINE By Phoebe, if you touch her with one finger, you'd better call quick for a surgeon! (The third Scythian defecates in terror.) MAGISTRATE What's that? Where's the officer? (To the fourth Scythian) Lay hold of her. Oh! but I'm going to stop your foolishness for you all CLEONICE By the Tauric Artemis, if you go near her, I'll pull out your hair, scream as you like. (The fourth Scythian defecates in terror.) MAGISTRATE Ah! miserable man that I am! My own officers desert me. What ho! are we to let ourselves be bested by a mob of women? Ho! Scythians mine, close up your ranks, and forward! LYSISTRATA By the holy goddesses! you'll have to make acquaintance with four companies of women, ready for the fray and well armed to boot. MAGISTRATE Forward, Scythians, and bind them! (The Scythians advance reluctantly.) LYSISTRATA Forward, my gallant companions; march forth, ye vendors of grain and eggs, garlic and vegetables, keepers of taverns and bakeries, wrench and strike and tear; come, a torrent of invective and insult! (They beat the Scythians who retire in haste.) Enough, enough now retire, never rob the vanquished! (The women withdraw.) MAGISTRATE How unfortunate for my officers! LYSISTRATA Ah, ha! so you thought you had only to do with a set of slave-women! you did not know the ardour that fills the bosom of free-born dames. MAGISTRATE Ardour! yes, by Apollo, ardour enough-especially for the wine-cup! LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Sir, sir what good are words? they are of no avail with wild beasts of this sort. Don't you know how they have just washed us down-and with no very fragrant soap! LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN What would you have? You should never have laid rash hands on us. If you start afresh, I'll knock your eyes out. My delight is to stay at home as coy as a young maid, without hurting anybody or moving any more than a milestone; but 'ware the wasps, if you go stirring up the wasps' nest! CHORUS OF OLD MEN (singing) Ah! great gods! how get the better of these ferocious creatures? 'tis past all bearing! But come, let us try to find out the reason of the dreadful scourge. With what end in view have they seized the citadel of Cranaus, the sacred shrine that is raised upon the inaccessible rock of the Acropolis? LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN (to the MAGISTRATE) Question them; be cautious and not too credulous. It would be culpable negligence not to pierce the mystery, if we may. MAGISTRATE (addressing the women) I would ask you first why you have barred our gates. LYSISTRATA To seize the treasury; no more money, no more war. MAGISTRATE Then money is the cause of the war? LYSISTRATA And of all our troubles. It was to find occasion to steal that Pisander and all the other agitators were forever raising revolutions. Well and good! but they'll never get another drachma here. MAGISTRATE What do you propose to do then, pray? LYSISTRATA You ask me that! Why, we propose to administer the treasury ourselves. MAGISTRATE You do? LYSISTRATA What is there in that to surprise you? Do we not administer the budget of household expenses? MAGISTRATE But that is not the same thing. LYSISTRATA How so-not the same thing? MAGISTRATE It is the treasury supplies the expenses of the war. LYSISTRATA That's our first principle-no war! MAGISTRATE What! and the safety of the city? LYSISTRATA We will provide for that. MAGISTRATE You? LYSISTRATA Yes, we! MAGISTRATE What a sorry business! LYSISTRATA Yes, we're going to save you, whether you like it or not. MAGISTRATE Oh! the impudence of the creatures! LYSISTRATA You seem annoyed! but it has to be done, nevertheless. MAGISTRATE But it's the very height of iniquity! LYSISTRATA (testily) We're going to save you, my good man. MAGISTRATE But if I don't want to be saved? LYSISTRATA Why, all the more reason! MAGISTRATE But what a notion, to concern yourselves with questions of peace and war! LYSISTRATA We will explain our idea. MAGISTRATE Out with it then; quick, or... (threatening her). LYSISTRATA (sternly) Listen, and never a movement, please! MAGISTRATE (in impotent rage) Oh! it is too much for me! I cannot keep my temper! LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Then look out for yourself; you have more to fear than we have. MAGISTRATE Stop your croaking, you old crow! (To LYSISTRATA) Now you, say what you have to say. LYSISTRATA Willingly. All the long time the war has lasted, we have endured in modest silence all you men did; you never allowed us to open our lips. We were far from satisfied, for we knew how things were going; often in our homes we would hear you discussing, upside down and inside out, some important turn of affairs. Then with sad hearts, but smiling lips, we would ask you: Well, in today's Assembly did they vote peace?-But, "Mind your own business!" the husband would growl, "Hold your tongue, please!" And we would say no more. CLEONICE I would not have held my tongue though, not I! MAGISTRATE You would have been reduced to silence by blows then. LYSISTRATA Well, for my part, I would say no more. But presently I would come to know you had arrived at some fresh decision more fatally foolish than ever. "Ah! my dear man," I would say, "what madness next!" But he would only look at me askance and say: "Just weave your web, please; else your cheeks will smart for hours. War is men's business!" MAGISTRATE Bravo! well said indeed! LYSISTRATA How now, wretched man? not to let us contend against your follies was bad enough! But presently we heard you asking out loud in the open street: "Is there never a man left in Athens?" and, "No, not one, not one," you were assured in reply. Then, then we made up our minds without more delay to make common cause to save Greece. Open your ears to our wise counsels and hold your tongues, and we may yet put things on a better footing. MAGISTRATE You put things indeed! Oh! this is too much! The insolence of the creatures! LYSISTRATA Be still! MAGISTRATE May I die a thousand deaths ere I obey one who wears a veil! LYSISTRATA If that's all that troubles you, here, take my veil, wrap it round your head, and hold your tongue. CLEONICE Then take this basket; put on a girdle, card wool, munch beans. The war shall be women's business. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Lay aside your water-pots, we will guard them, we will help our friends and companions. CHORUS OF WOMEN (singing) For myself, I will never weary of the dance; my knees will never grow stiff with fatigue. I will brave everything with my dear allies, on whom Nature has lavished virtue, grace, boldness, cleverness, and whose wisely directed energy is going to save the State. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Oh! my good, gallant Lysistrata, and all my friends, be ever like a bundle of nettles; never let your anger slacken; the winds of fortune blow our way. LYSISTRATA May gentle Love and the sweet Cyprian Queen shower seductive charms on our breasts and our thighs. If only we may stir so amorous a feeling among the men that they stand as firm as sticks, we shall indeed deserve the name of peace-makers among the Greeks. MAGISTRATE How will that be, pray? LYSISTRATA To begin with, we shall not see you any more running like mad fellows to the Market holding lance in fist. CLEONICE That will be something gained, anyway, by the Paphian goddess, it will! LYSISTRATA Now we see them, mixed up with saucepans and kitchen stuff, armed to the teeth, looking like wild Corybantes! MAGISTRATE Why, of course; that's what brave men should do. LYSISTRATA Oh! but what a funny sight, to behold a man wearing a Gorgon's-bead buckler coming along to buy fish! CLEONICE The other day in the Market I saw a phylarch with flowing ringlets; he was on horseback, and was pouring into his helmet the broth he had just bought at an old dame's still. There was a Thracian warrior too, who was brandishing his lance like Tereus in the play; he had scared a good woman selling figs into a perfect panic, and was gobbling up all her ripest fruit- MAGISTRATE And how, pray, would you propose to restore peace and order in all the countries of Greece? LYSISTRATA It's the easiest thing in the world! MAGISTRATE Come, tell us how; I am curious to know. LYSISTRATA When we are winding thread, and it is tangled, we pass the spool across and through the skein, now this way, now that way; even so, to finish of the war, we shall send embassies hither and thither and everywhere, to disentangle matters. MAGISTRATE And is it with your yarn, and your skeins, and your spools, you think to appease so many bitter enmities, you silly women? LYSISTRATA If only you had common sense, you would always do in politics the same as we do with our yarn. MAGISTRATE Come, how is that, eh? LYSISTRATA First we wash the yarn to separate the grease and filth; do the same with all bad citizens, sort them out and drive them forth with rods-they're the refuse of the city. Then for all such as come crowding up in search of employments and offices, we must card them thoroughly; then, to bring them all to the same standard, pitch them pell-mell into the same basket, resident aliens or no, allies, debtors to the State, all mixed up together. Then as for our Colonies, you must think of them as so many isolated hanks; find the ends of the separate threads, draw them to a centre here, wind them into one, make one great hank of the lot, out of which the public can weave itself a good, stout tunic. MAGISTRATE Is it not a sin and a shame to see them carding and winding the State, these women who have neither art nor part in the burdens of the war? LYSISTRATA What! wretched man! why, it's a far heavier burden to us than to you. In the first place, we bear sons who go off to fight far away from Athens. MAGISTRATE Enough said! do not recall sad and sorry memories! LYSISTRATA Then secondly, instead of enjoying the pleasures of love and making the best of our youth and beauty, we are left to languish far from our husbands, who are all with the army. But say no more of ourselves; what afflicts me is to see our girls growing old in lonely grief. MAGISTRATE Don't the men grow old too? LYSISTRATA That is not the same thing. When the soldier returns from the wars, even though he has white hair, he very soon finds a young wife. But a woman has only one summer; if she does not make hay while the sun shines, no one will afterwards have anything to say to her, and she spends her days consulting oracles that never send her a husband. MAGISTRATE But the old man who can still get an erection... LYSISTRATA But you, why don't you get done with it and die? You are rich; go buy yourself a bier, and I will knead you a honey-cake for Cerberus. Here, take this garland. (Drenching him with water.) CLEONICE And this one too. (Drenching him with water.) MYRRHINE And these fillets. (Drenching him with water.) LYSISTRATA What else do you need? Step aboard the boat; Charon is waiting for you, you're keeping him from pushing off. MAGISTRATE To treat me so scurvily! What an insult! I will go show myself to my fellow-magistrates just as I am. LYSISTRATA What! are you blaming us for not having exposed you according to custom? Nay, console yourself; we will not fail to offer up the third-day sacrifice for you, first thing in the morning. (She goes into the Acropolis, with CLEONICE and MYRRHINE.) LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Awake, friends of freedom; let us hold ourselves aye ready to act. CHORUS OF OLD MEN (singing) I suspect a mighty peril; I foresee another tyranny like Hippias'. I am sore afraid the Laconians assembled here with Clisthenes have, by a stratagem of war, stirred up these women, enemies of the gods, to seize upon our treasury and the funds whereby I lived. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Is it not a sin and a shame for them to interfere in advising the citizens, to prate of shields and lances, and to ally themselves with Laconians, fellows I trust no more than I would so many famished wolves? The whole thing, my friends, is nothing else but an attempt to re-establish tyranny. But I will never submit; I will be on my guard for the future; I will always carry a blade hidden under myrtle boughs; I will post myself in the public square under arms, shoulder to shoulder with Aristogiton; and now, to make a start, I must just break a few of that cursed old jade's teeth yonder. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Nay, never play the brave man, else when you go back home, your own mother won't know you. But, dear friends and allies, first let us lay our burdens down. CHORUS OF WOMEN (singing) Then, citizens all, hear what I have to say. I have useful counsel to give our city, which deserves it well at my hands for the brilliant distinctions it has lavished on my girlhood. At seven years of age, I carried the sacred vessels; at ten, I pounded barley for the altar of Athene; next, clad in a robe of yellow silk, I played the bear to Artemis at the Brauronia; presently, when I was grown up, a tall, handsome maiden, they put a necklace of dried figs about my neck, and I was one of the Canephori. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN So surely I am bound to give my best advice to Athens. What matters that I was born a woman, if I can cure your misfortunes? I pay my share of tolls and taxes, by giving men to the State. But you, you miserable greybeards, you contribute nothing to the public charges; on the contrary, you have wasted the treasure of our forefathers, as it was called, the treasure amassed in the days of the Persian Wars. You pay nothing at all in return; and into the bargain you endanger our lives and liberties by your mistakes. Have you one word to say for yourselves?... Ah! don't irritate me, you there, or I'll lay my slipper across your jaws; and it's pretty heavy. CHORUS OF OLD MEN (singing) Outrage upon outrage! things are going from bad to worse. Let us punish the minxes, every one of us that has balls to boast of. Come, off with our tunics, for a man must savour of manhood; come, my friends, let us strip naked from head to foot. Courage, I say, we who in our day garrisoned Lipsydrion; let us be young again, and shake off eld. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN If we give them the least hold over us, that's the end! their audacity will know no bounds! We shall see them building ships, and fighting sea-fights, like Artemisia; and, if they want to mount and ride as cavalry, we had best cashier the knights, for indeed women excel in riding, and have a fine. firm seat for the gallop. Just think of all those squadrons of Amazons Micon has painted for us engaged in hand-to-hand combat with men. Come then, we must now fit collars to all these willing necks. CHORUS OF WOMEN (singing) By the blessed goddesses, if you anger me, I will let loose the beast of my evil passions, and a very hailstorm of blows will set you yelling for help. Come, dames, off with your tunics, and quick's the word; women must smell the smell of women in the throes of passion.... Now just you dare to measure strength with me, old greybeard, and I warrant you you'll never eat garlic or black beans any more. No, not a word! my anger is at boiling point, and I'll do with you what the beetle did with the eagle's eggs. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN I laugh at your threats, so long as I have on my side Lampito here, and the noble Theban, my dear Ismenia.... Pass decree on decree, you can do us no hurt, you wretch abhorred of all your fellows. Why, only yesterday, on occasion of the feast of Hecate, I asked my neighbours of Boeotia for one of their daughters for whom my girls have a lively liking -a fine, fat eel to wit; and if they did not refuse, all along of your silly decrees! We shall never cease to suffer the like, till some one gives you a neat trip-up and breaks your neck for you! (To LYSISTRATA as she comes out from the Acropolis) You, Lysistrata, you who are leader of our glorious enterprise, why do I see you coming towards me with so gloomy an air? LYSISTRATA It's the behaviour of these naughty women, it's the female heart and female weakness that so discourage me. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Tell us, tell us, what is it? LYSISTRATA I only tell the simple truth. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN What has happened so disconcerting? Come, tell your friends. LYSISTRATA Oh! the thing is so hard to tell-yet so impossible to conceal. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Never seek to hide any ill that has befallen our cause. LYSISTRATA To blurt it out in a word-we want laying! LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Oh! Zeus, oh! Zeus! LYSISTRATA What use calling upon Zeus? The thing is even as I say. I cannot stop them any longer from lusting after the men. They are all for deserting. The first I caught was slipping out by the postern gate near the cave of Pan; another was letting herself down by a rope and pulley; a third was busy preparing her escape; while a fourth, perched on a bird's back, was just taking wing for Orsilochus' house, when I seized her by the hair. One and all, they are inventing excuses to be off home. (Pointing to the gate) Look! there goes one, trying to get out! Halloa there! whither away so fast? FIRST WOMAN I want to go home; I have some Milesian wool in the house, which is getting all eaten up by the worms. LYSISTRATA Bah! you and your worms! go back, I say! FIRST WOMAN I will return immediately, I swear I will by the two goddesses! I only have just to spread it out on the bed. LYSISTRATA You shall not do anything of the kind! I say, you shall not go. FIRST WOMAN Must I leave my wool to spoil then? LYSISTRATA Yes, if need be. SECOND WOMAN Unhappy woman that I am! Alas for my flax! I've left it at home unstript! LYSISTRATA So, here's another trying to escape to go home and strip her flax! SECOND WOMAN Oh! I swear by the goddess of light, the instant I have put it in condition I will come straight back. LYSISTRATA You shall do nothing of the kind! If once you began, others would want to follow suit. THIRD WOMAN Oh! goddess divine, Ilithyia, patroness of women in labour, stay, stay the birth, till I have reached a spot less hallowed than Athene's mount! LYSISTRATA What mean you by these silly tales? THIRD WOMAN I am going to have a child-now, this minute! LYSISTRATA But you were not pregnant yesterday! THIRD WOMAN Well, I am to-day. Oh! let me go in search of the midwife, Lysistrata, quick, quick! LYSISTRATA What is this fable you are telling me? (Feeling her stomach) Ah! what have you got there so hard? THIRD WOMAN A male child. LYSISTRATA No, no, by Aphrodite! nothing of the sort! Why, it feels like something hollow-a pot or a kettle. (Opening her robe) Oh! you silly creature, if you have not got the sacred helmet of Pallas-and you said you were with child! THIRD WOMAN And so I am, by Zeus, I am! LYSISTRATA Then why this helmet, pray? THIRD WOMAN For fear my pains should seize me in the Acropolis; I mean to lay my eggs in this helmet, as the doves do. LYSISTRATA Excuses and pretences every word! the thing's as clear as daylight. Anyway, you must stay here now till the fifth day, your day of purification. THIRD WOMAN I cannot sleep any more in the Acropolis, now I have seen the snake that guards the temple. FOURTH WOMAN Ah! and those awful owls with their dismal hooting! I cannot get a wink of rest, and I'm just dying of fatigue. LYSISTRATA You wicked women, have done with your falsehoods! You want your husbands, that's plain enough. But don't you think they want you just as badly? They are spending dreadful nights, oh! I know that well enough. But hold out, my dears, hold out! A little more patience, and the victory will be ours. An oracle promises us success, if only we remain united. Shall I repeat the words? THIRD WOMAN Yes, tell us what the oracle declares. LYSISTRATA Silence then! Now-"Whenas the swallows, fleeing before the hoopoes, shall have all flocked together in one place, and shall refrain them from all amorous commerce, then will be the end of all the ills of life; yea, and Zeus, who doth thunder in the skies, shall set above what was erst below...." THIRD WOMAN What! shall the men be underneath? LYSISTRATA "But if dissension do arise among the swallows, and they take wing from the holy temple, it will be said there is never a more wanton bird in all the world." THIRD WOMAN Ye gods! the prophecy is clear. LYSISTRATA Nay, never let us be cast down by calamity! let us be brave to bear, and go back to our posts. It would be shameful indeed not to trust the promises of the oracle. (They all go back into the Acropolis.) CHORUS OF OLD MEN (singing) I want to tell you a fable they used to relate to me when I was a little boy. This is it: Once upon a time there was a young man called Melanion, who hated the thought of marriage so sorely that he fled away to the wilds. So he dwelt in the mountains, wove himself nets, and caught hares. He never, never came back, he had such a horror of women. As chaste as Melanion, we loathe the jades just as much as he did. AN OLD MAN (beginning a brief duet with one of the women) You dear old woman, I would fain kiss you. WOMAN I will set you crying without onions. OLD MAN And give you a sound kicking. WOMAN (pointing) Ah, ha! what a dense forest you have there! OLD MAN So was Myronides one of the bushiest of men of this side; his backside was all black, and he terrified his enemies as much as Phormio. CHORUS OF WOMEN (singing) I want to tell you a fable too, to match yours about Melanion. Once there was a certain man called Timon, a tough customer, and a whimsical, a true son of the Furies, with a face that seemed to glare out of a thorn-bush. He withdrew from the world because he couldn't abide bad men, after vomiting a thousand curses at them. He had a holy horror of ill-conditioned fellows, but he was mighty tender towards women. WOMAN (beginning another duet) Suppose I up and broke your jaw for you! OLD MAN I am not a bit afraid of you. WOMAN Suppose I let fly a good kick at you? OLD MAN I should see your thing then. WOMAN You would see that, for all my age, it is very well plucked. LYSISTRATA (rushing out of the Acropolis) Ho there! come quick, come quick! ONE OF THE WOMEN What is it? Why these cries? LYSISTRATA A man! a man! I see him approaching all afire with the flames of love. Oh! divine Queen of Cyprus, Paphos and Cythera, I pray you still be propitious to our enterprise. WOMAN Where is he, this unknown foe? LYSISTRATA Over there-beside the Temple of Demeter. WOMAN Yes, indeed, I see him; but who is he? LYSISTRATA Look, look! do any of you recognize him? MYRRHINE (joyfully) I do, I do! it's my husband Cinesias. LYSISTRATA To work then! Be it your task to inflame and torture and torment him. Seductions, caresses, provocations, refusals, try every means! Grant every favour,-always excepting what is forbidden by our oath on the wine-bowl. MYRRHINE Have no fear, I'll do it. LYSISTRATA Well, I shall stay here to help you cajole the man and set his passions aflame. The rest of you withdraw. (CINESIAS enters, in obvious and extreme sexual excitement. A slave follows him carrying an infant.) CINESIAS Alas! alas! how I am tortured by spasm and rigid convulsion! Oh! I am racked on the wheel! LYSISTRATA Who is this that dares to pass our lines? CINESIAS It is I. LYSISTRATA What, a man? CINESIAS Very much so! LYSISTRATA Get out. CINESIAS But who are you that thus repulses me? LYSISTRATA The sentinel of the day. CINESIAS For the gods' sake, call Myrrhine. LYSISTRATA Call Myrrhine, you say? And who are you? CINESIAS I am her husband, Cinesias, son of Paeon. LYSISTRATA Ah! good day, my dear friend. Your name is not unknown amongst us. Your wife has it forever on her lips; and she never touches an egg or an apple without saying: "This is for Cinesias." CINESIAS Really and truly? LYSISTRATA Yes, indeed, by Aphrodite! And if we fall to talking of men, quick your wife declares: "Oh! all the rest, they're good for nothing compared with Cinesias." CINESIAS Oh! please, please go and call her to me! LYSISTRATA And what will you give me for my trouble? CINESIAS Anything I've got, if you like. (Pointing to the evidence of his condition) I will give you what I have here! LYSISTRATA Well, well, I will tell her to come. (She enters the Acropolis.) CINESIAS Quick, oh! be quick! Life has no more charms for me since she left my house. I am sad, sad, when I go indoors; it all seems so empty; my victuals have lost their savour. And all because of this erection that I can't get rid of! MYRRHINE (to LYSISTRATA, over her shoulder) I love him, oh! I love him; but he won't let himself be loved. No! I shall not come. CINESIAS Myrrhine, my little darling Myrrhine, what are you saying? Come down to me quick. MYRRHINE No indeed, not I. CINESIAS I call you, Myrrhine, Myrrhine; won't you please come? MYRRHINE Why should you call me? You do not want me. CINESIAS Not want you! Why, here I stand, stiff with desire! oMYRRHINE Good-bye. (She turns, as if to go.) CINESIAS Oh! Myrrhine, Myrrhine, in our child's name, hear me; at any rate hear the child! Little lad, call your mother. CHILD Mamma, mamma, mamma! CINESIAS There, listen! Don't you pity the poor child? It's six days now you've never washed and never fed the child. MYRRHINE Poor darling, your father takes mighty little care of you! CINESIAS Come down, dearest, come down for the child's sake. MYRRHINE Ah! what a thing it is to be a mother! Well, well, we must come down, I suppose. CINESIAS (as MYRRHINE approaches) Why, how much younger and prettier she looks! And how she looks at me so lovingly! Her cruelty and scorn only redouble my passion. MYRRHINE (ignoring him; to the child) You are as sweet as your father is provoking! Let me kiss you, my treasure, mother's darling! CINESIAS Ah! what a bad thing it is to let yourself be led away by other women! Why give me such pain and suffering, and yourself into the bargain? MYRRHINE (as he is about to embrace her) Hands off, sir! CINESIAS Everything is going to rack and ruin in the house. MYRRHINE I don't care. CINESIAS But your web that's all being pecked to pieces by the cocks and hens, don't you care for that? MYRRHINE Precious little. CINESIAS And Aphrodite, whose mysteries you have not celebrated for so long? Oh! won't you please come back home? MYRRHINE No, least, not till a sound treaty puts an end to the war. CINESIAS Well, if you wish it so much, why, we'll make it, your treaty. MYRRHINE Well and good! When that's done, I will come home. Till then, I am bound by an oath. CINESIAS At any rate, lie with me for a little while. MYRRHINE No, no, no! (she hesitates) but just the same I can't say I don't love you. CINESIAS You love me? Then why refuse to lie with me, my little girl, my sweet Myrrhine? MYRRHINE (pretending to be shocked) You must be joking! What, before the child! CINESIAS (to the slave) Manes, carry the lad home. There, you see, the child is gone; there's nothing to hinder us; won't you lie down now? MYRRHINE But, miserable man, where, where? CINESIAS In the cave of Pan; nothing could be better. MYRRHINE But how shall I purify myself before going back into the citadel? CINESIAS Nothing easier! you can wash at the Clepsydra. MYRRHINE But my oath? Do you want me to perjure myself? CINESIAS I'll take all responsibility; don't worry. MYRRHINE Well, I'll be off, then, and find a bed for us. CINESIAS There's no point in that; surely we can lie on the ground. MYRRHINE No, no! even though you are bad, I don't like your lying on the bare earth. (She goes back into the Acropolis.) CINESIAS (enraptured) Ah! how the dear girl loves me! MYRRHINE (coming back with a cot) Come, get to bed quick; I am going to undress. But, oh dear, we must get a mattress. CINESIAS A mattress? Oh! no, never mind about that! MYRRHINE No, by Artemis! lie on the bare sacking? never! That would be squalid. CINESIAS Kiss me! MYRRHINE Wait a minute! (She leaves him again.) CINESIAS Good god, hurry up MYRRHINE (coming back with a mattress) Here is a mattress. Lie down, I am just going to undress. But you've got no pillow. CINESIAS I don't want one either! MYRRHINE But I do. (She leaves him again.) CINESIAS Oh god, oh god, she treats my tool just like Heracles! MYRRHINE (coming back with a pillow) There, lift your head, dear! (Wondering what else to tantalize him with; to herself) Is that all, I wonder? CINESIAS (misunderstanding) Surely. there's nothing else. Come, my treasure. MYRRHINE I am just unfastening my girdle. But remember what you promised me about making peace; mind you keep your word. CINESIAS Yes, yes, upon my life I will. MYRRHINE Why, you have no blanket! CINESIAS My god, what difference does that make? What I want is to make love! MYRRHINE (going out again) Never fear-directly, directly! I'll be back in no time. CINESIAS The woman will kill me with her blankets! MYRRHINE (coming back with a blanket) Now, get yourself up. CINESIAS (pointing) I've got this up! MYRRHINE Wouldn't you like me to scent you? CINESIAS No, by Apollo, no, please don't! MYRRHINE Yes, by Aphrodite, but I will, whether you like it or not. (She goes out again.) CINESIAS God, I wish she'd hurry up and get through with all this! MYRRHINE (coming back with a flask of perfume) Hold out your hand; now rub it in. CINESIAS Oh! in Apollo's name, I don't much like the smell of it; but perhaps it will improve when it's well rubbed in. It does not somehow smack of the marriage bed! MYRRHINE Oh dear! what a scatterbrain I am; if I haven't gone and brought Rhodian perfumes! CINESIAS Never mind, dearest, let it go now. MYRRHINE You don't really mean that. (She goes.) CINESIAS Damn the man who invented perfumes! MYRRHINE (coming back with another flask) Here, take this bottle. CINESIAS I have a better one allready for you, darling. Come, you provoking creature, to bed with you, and don't bring another thing. MYRRHINE Coming, coming; I'm just slipping off my shoes. Dear boy, will you vote for peace? CINESIAS I'll think about it. (MYRRHINE runs away.) I'm a dead man, she is killing me! She has gone, and left me in torment! (in tragic style) I must have someone to lay, I must! Ah me! the loveliest of women has choused and cheated me. Poor little lad, how am I to give you what you want so badly? Where is Cynalopex? quick, man, get him a nurse, do! LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Poor, miserable wretch, baulked in your amorousness! what tortures are yours! Ah! you fill me with pity. Could any man's back and loins stand such a strain. He stands stiff and rigid, and there's never a wench to help him! CINESIAS Ye gods in heaven, what pains I suffer! LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Well, there it is; it's her doing, that abandoned hussy! CINESIAS No, no! rather say that sweetest, dearest darling. (He departs.) LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN That dearest darling? no, no, that hussy, say I! Zeus, thou god of the skies, canst not let loose a hurricane, to sweep them all up into the air, and whirl them round, then drop them down crash! and impale them on the point of this man's tool! (A Spartan HERALD enters; he shows signs of being in the same condition as CINESIAS.) HERALD Say, where shall I find the Senate and the Prytanes? I am bearer of despatches. (An Athenian MAGISTRATE enters.) MAGISTRATE Are you a man or a Priapus? HERALD (with an effort at officiousness) Don't be stupid! I am a herald, of course, I swear I am, and I come from Sparta about making peace. MAGISTRATE (pointing) But look, you are hiding a lance under your clothes, surely. HERALD (embarrassed) No, nothing of the sort. MAGISTRATE Then why do you turn away like that, and hold your cloak out from your body? Have you got swellings in the groin from your journey? HERALD By the twin brethren! the man's an old maniac. MAGISTRATE But you've got an erection! You lewd fellow! HERALD I tell you no! but enough of this foolery. MAGISTRATE (pointing) Well, what is it you have there then? HERALD A Lacedaemonian 'skytale.' MAGISTRATE Oh, indeed, a 'skytale,' is it? Well, well, speak out frankly; I know all about these matters. How are things going at Sparta now? HERALD Why, everything is turned upside down at Sparta; and all the allies have erections. We simply must have Pellene. MAGISTRATE What is the reason of it all? Is it the god Pan's doing? HERALD No, it's all the work of Lampito and the women who are acting at her instigation; they have kicked the men out from between their thighs. MAGISTRATE But what are you doing about it? HERALD We are at our wits' end; we walk bent double, just as if we were carrying lanterns in a wind. The jades have sworn we shall not so much as touch them till we have all agreed to conclude peace. MAGISTRATE Ah! I see now, it's a general conspiracy embracing all Greece. Go back to Sparta and bid them send envoys plenipotentiary to treat for peace. I will urge our Senators myself to name plenipotentiaries from us; and to persuade them, why, I will show them my own tool. HERALD What could be better? I fly at your command. (They go out in opposite directions.) LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN No wild beast is there, no flame of fire, more fierce and untamable than woman; the leopard is less savage and shameless. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN And yet you dare to make war upon me, wretch, when you might have me for your most faithful friend and ally. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Never, never can my hatred cease towards women. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Well, suit yourself. Still I cannot bear to leave you all naked as you are; folks would laugh at you. Come, I am going to put this tunic on you. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN You are right, upon my word! it was only in my confounded fit of rage that I took it off. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Now at any rate you look like a man, and they won't make fun of you. Ah! if you had not offended me so badly, I would take out that nasty insect you have in your eye for you. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Ah! so that's what was annoying me so Look, here's a ring, just remove the insect, and show it to me. By Zeus! it has been hurting my eye for a long time now. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Well, I agree, though your manners are not over and above pleasant. Oh I what a huge great gnat! just look! It's from Tricorythus, for sure. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN A thousand thanks! the creature was digging a regular well in my eye; now that it's gone, my tears can flow freely. LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN I will wipe them for you-bad, naughty man though you are. Now, just one kiss. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN A kiss? certainly not LEADER OF CHORUS OF WOMEN Just one, whether you like it or not. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Oh! those confounded women! how they do cajole us! How true the saying: " 'Tis impossible to live with the baggages, impossible to live without 'em!" Come, let us agree for the future not to regard each other any more as enemies; and to clinch the bargain, let us sing a choric song. COMBINED CHORUS OF WOMEN AND OLD MEN (singing) We desire, Athenians, to speak ill of no man; but on the contrary to say much good of everyone, and to do the like. We have had enough of misfortunes and calamities. If there is any man or woman who wants a bit of money-two or three minas or so; well, our purse is full. If only peace is concluded, the borrower will not have to pay back. Also I'm inviting to supper a few Carystian friends, who are excellently well qualified. I have still a drop of good soup left, and a young porker I'm going to kill, and the flesh will be sweet and tender. I shall expect you at my house to-day; but first away to the baths with you, you and your children; then come all of you, ask no one's leave, but walk straight up, as if you were at home; never fear, the door will be... shut in your faces! LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Ah! here come the envoys from Sparta with their long flowing beards; why, you would think they wore pigstyes between their thighs. (Enter the LACONIAN ENVOYS afflicted like their herald.) Hail to you, first of all, Laconians; then tell us how you fare. LACONIAN ENVOY No need for many words; you can see what a state we are in. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Alas! the situation grows more and more strained! the intensity of the thing is simply frightful. LACONIAN ENVOY It's beyond belief. But to work! summon your Commissioners, and let us patch up the best peace we may. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Ah! our men too, like wrestlers in the arena, cannot endure a rag over their bellies; it's an athlete's malady, which only exercise can remedy. (The MAGISTRATE returns; he too now has an evident reason to desire peace.) MAGISTRATE Can anybody tell us where Lysistrata is? Surely she will have some compassion on our condition. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN (pointing) Look! now he has the very same complaint. (To the MAGISTRATE) Don't you feel a strong nervous tension in the morning? MAGISTRATE Yes, and a dreadful, dreadful torture it is! Unless peace is made very soon, we shall find no recourse but to make love to Clisthenes. LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Take my advice, and arrange your clothes as best you can; one of the fellows who mutilated the Hermae might see you. MAGISTRATE Right, by Zeus. (He endeavours, not too successfully, to conceal his condition.) LACONIAN ENVOY Quite right, by the Dioscuri. There, I will put on my tunic. MAGISTRATE Oh! what a terrible state we are in! Greeting to you, Laconian fellow-sufferers. LACONIAN ENVOY (addressing one of his countrymen) Ah! my boy, what a terrible thing it would have been if these fellows had seen us just now when we were on full stand! MAGISTRATE Speak out, Laconians, what is it brings you here? LACONIAN ENVOY We have come to treat for peace. MAGISTRATE Well said; we are of the same mind. Better call Lysistrata, then; she is the only person will bring us to terms. LACONIAN ENVOY Yes, yes-and Lysistratus into the bargain, if you will. MAGISTRATE Needless to call her; she has heard your voices, and here she comes. (She comes out of the Acropolis.) LEADER OF CHORUS OF OLD MEN Hail, boldest and bravest of womankind! The time is come to show yourself in turn uncompromising and conciliatory, exacting and yielding, haughty and condescending. Call up all your skill and artfulness. Lo! the foremost men in Hellas, seduced by your fascinations, are agreed to entrust you with the task of ending their quarrels. LYSISTRATA It will be an easy task-if only they refrain from mutual indulgence in masculine love; if they do, I shall know the fact at once. Now, where is the gentle goddess Peace? (The goddess, in the form of a beautiful nude girl is brought in by the Machine.) Lead hither the Laconian envoys. But, look you, no roughness or violence; our husbands always behaved so boorishly. Bring them to me with smiles, as women should. If any refuse to give you his hand, then take hold of his tool. Bring up the Athenians too; you may lead them either way. Laconians, approach; and you, Athenians, on my other side. Now hearken all! I am but a woman; but I have good common sense; Nature has endowed me with discriminating judgment, which I have yet further developed, thanks to the wise teachings of my father and the elders of the city. First I must bring a reproach against you that applies equally to both sides. At Olympia, and Thermopylae, and Delphi, and a score of other places too numerous to mention, you celebrate before the same altars ceremonies common to all Hellenes; yet you go cutting each other's throats, and sacking Hellenic cities, when all the while the barbarian yonder is threatening you! That is my first point. MAGISTRATE (devouring the goddess with his eyes) Good god, this erection is killing me! LYSISTRATA Now it is to you I address myself, Laconians. Have you forgotten how Periclidas, your own countryman, sat a suppliant before our altars? How pale he was in his purple robes! He had come to crave an army of us; it was the time when Messenia was pressing you sore, and the Sea-god was shaking the earth. Cimon marched to your aid at the head of four thousand hoplites, and saved Lacedaemon. And, after such a service as that, you ravage the soil of your benefactors! MAGISTRATE They do wrong, very wrong, Lysistrata. LACONIAN ENVOY We do wrong, very wrong. (Looking at the goddess) Ah! great gods! what a lovely bottom Peace has! LYSISTRATA And now a word to the Athenians. Have you no memory left of how, in the days when you wore the tunic of slaves, the Laconians came, spear in hand, and slew a host of Thessalians and partisans of Hippias the tyrant? They, and they only, fought on your side on that eventful day; they delivered you from despotism, and thanks to them our nation could change the short tunic of the slave for the long cloak of the free man. LACONIAN ENVOY (looking at LYSISTRATA) I have never see a woman of more gracious dignity. MAGISTRATE (looking at PEACE) I have never seen a woman with a finer body! LYSISTRATA Bound by such ties of mutual kindness, how can you bear to be at war? Stop, stay the hateful strife, be reconciled; what hinders you? LACONIAN ENVOY We are quite ready, if they will give us back our rampart. LYSISTRATA What rampart, my dear man? LACONIAN ENVOY Pylos, which we have been asking for and craving for ever so long. MAGISTRATE In the Sea-god's name, you shall never have it! LYSISTRATA Agree, my friends, agree. MAGISTRATE But then what city shall we be able to stir up trouble in? LYSISTRATA Ask for another place in exchange. MAGISTRATE Ah! that's the ticket! Well, to begin with, give us Echinus, the Maliac gulf adjoining, and the two legs of Megara. LACONIAN ENVOY No, by the Dioscuri, surely not all that, my dear sir. LYSISTRATA Come to terms; never make a difficulty of two legs more or less! MAGISTRATE (his eye on PEACE) Well, I'm ready to strip down and get to work right now. (He takes off his mantle.) LACONIAN ENVOY (following out this idea) And I also, to dung it to start with. LYSISTRATA That's just what you shall do, once peace is signed. So, if you really want to make it, go consult your allies about the matter. MAGISTRATE What allies, I should like to know? Why, we are all erected; there's no one who is not mad to be mating. What we all want is to be in bed with our wives; how should our allies fail to second our project? LACONIAN ENVOY And ours too, for certain sure! MAGISTRATE The Carystians first and foremost by the gods! LYSISTRATA Well said, indeed! Now go and purify yourselves for entering the Acropolis, where the women invite you to supper; we will empty our provision baskets to do you honour. At table, you will exchange oaths and pledges; then each man will go home with his wife. MAGISTRATE Come along then, and as quick as may be. LACONIAN ENVOY Lead on; I'm your man. MAGISTRATE Quick, quick's the word, say I. (They follow LYSISTRATA into the Acropolis.) CHORUS OF WOMEN (singing) Embroidered stuffs, and dainty tunics, and flowing gowns, and golden ornaments, everything I have, I offer them to you with all my heart; take them all for your children, for your girls, in case they are chosen Canephori. I invite you every one to enter, come in and choose whatever you will; there is nothing so well fastened, you cannot break the seals, and carry away the contents. Look about you everywhere. . . you won't find a blessed thing, unless you have sharper eyes than mine. And if any of you lacks corn to feed his slaves and his young and numerous family, why, I have a few grains of wheat at home; let him take what I have to give, a big twelve-pound loaf included. So let my poorer neighbours all come with bags and wallets; my man, Manes, shall give them corn; but I warn them not to come near my door, but-beware the dog! (Another MAGISTRATE enters, and begins knocking at the gate.) SECOND MAGISTRATE I say, you, open the door! (To the WOMEN) Go your way, I tell you. (As the women sit down in front of the gate) Why, bless me, they're sitting down now; I shall have to singe 'em with my torch to make 'em stir! What impudence! I won't take this. Oh, well, if it's absolutely necessary, just to please you, we'll have to take the trouble. AN ATHENIAN And I'll share it with you. (He brandishes the torch he is carrying and the CHORUS OF WOMEN departs. The CHORUS OF OLD MEN follows shortly after.) SECOND MAGISTRATE No, no, you must be off-or I'll tear your hair out, I will; be off, I say, and don't annoy the Laconian envoys; they're just coming out from the banquet-ball. ATHENIAN Such a merry banquet I've never seen before! The Laconians were simply charming. After the drink is in, why, we're all wise men, every one of us. MAGISTRATE It's only natural, to be sure, for sober, we're all fools. Take my advice, my fellow-countrymen, our envoys should always be drunk. We go to Sparta; we enter the city sober; why, we must be picking a quarrel directly. We don't understand what they say to us, we imagine a lot they don't say at all, and we report home all wrong, all topsy-urvy. But, look you, to-day it's quite different; we're enchanted whatever happens; instead of Clitagora, they might sing us Telamon, and we should clap our hands just the same. A perjury or two into the bargain, why! What does that matter to merry companions in their cups? (The two CHORUSES return.) But here they are back again! Will you begone, you loafing scoundrels. (The CHORUSES retire again.) ATHENIAN Ah ha! here's the company coming out already. (Two choruses, one Laconian and one Athenian, enter, dancing to the music of flutes; they are followed by the women under the leadership of LYSISTRATA.) A LACONIAN My dear, sweet friend, come, take your flute in hand; I would fain dance and sing my best in honour of the Athenians and our noble selves. ATHENIAN Yes, take your flute, in the gods'name. What a delight to see him dance! LACONIAN (dancing and singing) Oh! Mnemosyne! inspire these men, inspire my muse who knows our exploits and those of the Athenians. With what a god-like ardour did they swoop down at Artemisium on the ships of the Medes! What a glorious victory was that! For the soldiers of Leonidas, they were like fierce boars whetting their tusks. The sweat ran down their faces, and drenched all their limbs, for verily the Persians were as many as the sands of the seashore. Oh! Artemis, huntress queen, whose arrows pierce the denizens of the woods, virgin goddess, be thou favourable to the peace we here conclude; through thee may our hearts be long united! May this treaty draw close for ever the bonds of a happy friendship! No more wiles and stratagems! Aid us, oh! aid us, maiden huntress! MAGISTRATE All is for the best; and now, Laconians, take your wives away home with you, and you, Athenians, yours. May husband live happily with wife, and wife with husband. Dance, dance, to celebrate our bliss, and let us be heedful to avoid like mistakes for the future. CHORUS OF ATHENIANS (singing) Appear, appear, dancers, and the Graces with you! Let us invoke, one and all, Artemis, and her heavenly brother, gracious Apollo, patron of the dance, and Dionysus, whose eye darts flame, as he steps forward surrounded by the Maenad maids, and Zeus, who wields the flashing lightning, and his august, thrice-blessed spouse, the Queen of Heaven! These let us invoke, and all the other gods, calling all the inhabitants of the skies to witness the noble Peace now concluded under the fond auspices of Aphrodite. Io Paean! Io Paean! dance, leap, as in honour of a victory won. Euoi! Euoi! Euai! Euai! MAGISTRATE And you, our Laconian guests, sing us a new and inspiring strain! LACONIAN (singing) Leave once more, oh! leave once more the noble height of Taygetus, oh! Muse of Lacedaemon, and join us in singing the praises of Apollo of Amyclae, and Athene of the Brazen House, and the gallant twin sons of Tyndareus, who practise arms on the banks of the Eurotas river. Haste, haste hither with nimble-footed pace, let us sing Sparta, the city that delights in choruses divinely sweet and graceful dances, when our maidens bound lightly by the river side, like frolicsome fillies, beating the ground with rapid steps and shaking their long locks in the wind, as Bacchantes wave their wands in the wild revels of the Wine-god. At their head, oh! chaste and beauteous goddess, daughter of Leto, Artemis, do thou lead the song and dance. With a fillet binding thy waving tresses, appear in thy loveliness; leap like a fawn, strike thy divine hands together to animate the dance, and aid us to renown the valiant goddess of battles, great Athene of the Brazen House! (All depart, singing and dancing.) THE END .

18. PROJECT GUTENBERG OFFICIAL HOME SITE -- Listing By AUTHOR
    aristophanes.  
    http://promo.net/cgi-promo/pg/cat.cgi?&label=ID&ftpsite=ftp://ibiblio.or

19. PROJECT GUTENBERG OFFICIAL HOME SITE -- Listing By AUTHOR
    aristophanes.  
    http://promo.net/cgi-promo/pg/cat.cgi?&label=ID&ftpsite=ftp://ibiblio.or

20. The Classic Text: Aristophanes
    The plays of aristophanes are the only surviving complete examples of Old Greek Comedy, all written between 427 and 385 B.C. His contemporaries thought highly of his works, and awarded him many prizes for his plays.  
    http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/Library/special/exhibits/clastext/clspg033.htm
    
    Extractions: T he plays of Aristophanes are the only surviving complete examples of Old Greek Comedy, all written between 427 and 385 B.C. His contemporaries thought highly of his works, and awarded him many prizes for his plays. His success was attributed to his fresh and charming meters and lyrics. As much as Aristophanes was intellectual and imaginative and could design comic situations with ease and style, he often lacked humor and emotion. A political conservative, who often felt himself "in opposition" to the government, Aristophanes held a strong mistrust for social, religious, literary and musical innovations. A ristophanes' plays have remained important throughout the years as the work of a master playwright and have achieved notoriety because they are the only surviving examples of Old Greek Comedy. I n the Monthly Letter of the Limited Editions Club , the editors include a discussion of the importance and success of the plays of Aristophanes. They include quotations from the introduction to the Limited Editions Club edition of The Birds in 1959, written by scholar and translator, Dudley Fitts:

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